英語教學(xué)法名詞解釋

1、英語教學(xué)法名詞解釋<P3>Structural view(結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言理論)The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems : the sound system ( phonology); the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations ( morphology), and the system of combining units of meaning for

2、 communication ( syntax ).Functional view (功能主義語言理論)The functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things . In order to perform functions, learners need to know howto combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the fu

3、nctions.Interactional view(交互語言理論)The interactional view considers language to be a communicative tool , whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.<P5-6>Behaviourist theory（行為主義理論）SkinnerThe key point of the theory of conditioning is that " you can train a

4、n animal to do anything（ with reason） if youfollow acertain procedure which has three major stages, stimulus, response, and reinforcement .Cognitive theory （認(rèn)知理論）Chomskythinks that language is not a form of behaviour, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is t

5、he learning of this system. There are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with a knowledge of these an infinite number of sentences can be produced. A language learner acquires language competence which enables him to produce language.Constructivist theory（建構(gòu)主義理論）John DeweyThe con

6、structivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she alreadyknowsSocio-constructivist theory（社會建構(gòu)主義理論）Vygotsky emphasises interaction and engagementwith the target language in a social context based on the con

7、cept ofZone of Proximal Development（ZPD） and scaffolding.<P18>Linguistic competence （語言能力）-HedgeLinguistic competence is concerned with knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning .Pragmatic competence（語用能力）-HedgePragmatic competence is concerned with the appropriate use of the lang

8、uage in social context .Discourse competence （話語能力/ 語篇能力）-Canale andSwainDiscourse competence refers to one ' s ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them.Strategic competence （策略能力）Strategic competence refers to strategies one employs when there i

9、s communication breakdown due to lack of resources .<P86>ErrorsAn error has direct relation with the learners language result from lack of knowledge in the target language.MistakesA mistake refers to a performance error that is either a randomguess or a slip of tongue, and it is a failure perf

10、ormance to a known result from carelessness and hesitation .<P143>Bottom-up model（自下而上的模式）In the bottom-up model, listening comprehension is believed to start with sound and meaning recognitions . In other words, “we use informationin the speech itself to try to comprehendthe meaning ” .Top-down model（自上而下的模式）In the top-down model, listening for gist and making use of the contextual clues and background knowledge to construct meaning are emphasised. In other words, listening comprehension involv