[農業(yè)]泥鰍論文：泥鰍投喂策略研究

1、 泥鰍論文：泥鰍投喂策略研究【中文摘要】本研究重點開展了不同水體溫度對泥鰍（Misgurnus anguillcaudatus Cantor）攝食節(jié)律、攝食排空率、日攝食量、日投喂量影響的應用基礎研究,同時通過養(yǎng)殖試驗對投喂頻率和日投喂量對泥鰍生長、飼料轉化效率和體成分的影響進行了探討,在此基礎上制定出安康地區(qū)泥鰍適宜投喂方案,以期為安康地區(qū)泥鰍規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖提供技術支撐。1.不同水體溫度對泥鰍攝食節(jié)律的影響?選取900尾試驗泥鰍隨機分為3批,每批隨機分為3組,每組100尾,分別用于水體溫度為19、23和27下泥鰍攝食節(jié)律測定。試驗結果表明:（1）泥鰍攝食存在明顯的晝夜節(jié)律性,且更趨向于夜間攝食;

2、（2）水體溫度對泥鰍的攝食節(jié)律具有顯著影響,水體溫度19條件下,泥鰍一個晝夜分別在13:00和01:00出現(xiàn)2個攝食高峰;水體溫度23和27條件下,泥鰍一個晝夜分別在10:00、16:00和22:00出現(xiàn)3個攝食高峰。2.不同水體溫度對泥鰍攝食排空率的影響選取450尾試驗泥鰍隨機分為3組,每組150尾,分別用于水體溫度為19、23和27下泥鰍全消化道內含物排空率測定。試驗結果表明:（1）19、23和27條件下泥鰍排空率分別為0.2421g·100g-1·h-1、0.3127 g·100g-1·h-1和0.3796 g·100g-1·h

3、-1;（2）泥鰍排空率與水體溫度呈線性關系,其回歸方程為y ER= 0.0172 x? 0.0838,R2=0.9998。3.不同水體溫度對泥鰍日攝食量的影響選取900尾試驗泥鰍隨機分為3批,每批隨機分為3組,每組100尾,分別用于水體溫度為19、23和27下泥鰍日攝食量的測定。試驗結果表明:（1）水體溫度19、23和27條件下,泥鰍日攝食量（飼料風干樣）分別為1.86 g·100g-1、2.38 g·100g-1和2.89 g·100g-1;（2）泥鰍日攝食量與水體溫度呈線性關系,其回歸方程為y = 0.1293 x? 0.597,R2=0.9999。4.不同水

4、體溫度對泥鰍日投喂量的影響本研究包括泥鰍采食情況觀察、泥鰍采食速度測定、微流水環(huán)境中無采食條件下飼料溶失率測定和微流水環(huán)境中泥鰍正常采食條件下飼料溶失率校正系數(shù)估計等相對獨立的試驗研究。試驗結果表明:（1）在規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖條件下,泥鰍的采食時間定為1.5h較為適宜;（2）水體溫度為19、23和27下,泥鰍的日投喂量分別為3.10 g·100g-1、3.97g·100g-1和4.83 g·100g-1。5.投喂頻率對泥鰍生長、飼料轉化率及體成分的影響選取630尾試驗泥鰍隨機分為三組,每組3個重復,每個重復70尾,分別按2次/d、3次/d和4次/d投喂,日投喂量為泥鰍體重

5、的4%。試驗結果表明:本試驗條件下,泥鰍適宜投喂頻率為4次/d。6.日投喂量對泥鰍生長、飼料轉化率和體成分的影響選取180尾試驗泥鰍隨機分為三組,每組3個重復,每個重復20尾泥鰍,分別按泥鰍體重的3%、4%和5%投喂,投喂頻率為4次/d。試驗結果表明:本試驗條件下,泥鰍適宜日投喂量為泥鰍體重的5%。7.安康地區(qū)泥鰍投喂方案在上述研究的基礎上,初步制定了安康地區(qū)泥鰍投喂方案:水體溫度為19、23和27條件下,泥鰍的最佳投喂次數(shù)為4次/d,日投喂量分別為3.10 g·100g-1、3.97 g·100g-1和4.83 g·100g-1;水體溫度19條件下,泥鰍投喂時間

6、以07:00、11:30、17:30和23:30為宜,各時間段投喂比例為25:40:10:25;水體溫度23和27下,泥鰍投喂時間以04:00、08:30、14:30和20:30為宜,各時間段投喂比例分別為25:5:30:40和25:15:25:35?！居⑽恼縏he study carried on researches of application and foundation including diurnal feeding rhythm, evacuation rate, daily ration and feeding level of loach under different

7、 temperature respectively, and discussed effects of feeding frequency and feeding level on growth, feed efficiency and body composition of loach.On that basis, feeding scheme of loach was set up in order to provide technical support in large-scale loach farming industry in Ankang.1. The diurnal feed

8、ing rhythm of loach under different temperatures.900 loach fishes were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. There are 300 loach fishes in each group and 100 loach fishes were a repeat. The results showed that,（1） the feeding behaviors of loach showed obvious circadian rhythm and loach tend t

9、o night feeding;（2） water temperature had an important effect on diurnal feeding rhythm of loach, a diel feeding rhythm with 2 peaks at 13:00 and 01:00 in 19and with two small heights at 10:00 and 16:00,and a peak at 22:00 in 23and 27.2. The evacuation rates of loach under different temperatures.450

10、 health loach fishes with initial body weight of （10.13±1.72） g and randomly divided into 3 groups, each group with 150 fishes in cages. The results showed that,（1） the evacuation rates of loach were 0.2421 g·100g-1·h-1, 0.3127 g·100g-1·h-1 and 0.3796 g·100g-1·h-1

11、at 19, 23and 27respectively;（2） the relationship between ER and water temperature could be described as y=0.0172x-0.0838 （R2 = 0.9998）.3. The daily ration of loach under different temperatures.900 loach fishes were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. There are 300 loach fishes in each group

12、 and 100 loach fishes were a repeat. The results showed that,（1） the daily rations of loach were 1.86 g·100g-1, 2.38 g·100g-1 and 2.89 g·100g-1 at 19, 23and 27respectively;（2） the daily ration and water temperature showed a linear relationship, the regression equation was y=0.0172x-0.

13、0838 （R2 = 0.9998）.4. The feeding ration of loach under different temperatures.This research included 4 experiments as followed, observe the feeding condition, feeding speed, feed dissolving rate under micro-water aquaculture with no loach and the correction coefficients of feed dissolving rate unde

14、r micro-water aquaculture below regular feed of loach.The results showed that,（1） the satiation time of loach was about 1.5h in large-scale loach farming industry;（2） the feeding rations of loach were 3.10g·100g-1,3.97g·100g-1 and 4.83g·100g-1 at 19, 23and 27respectively.5. The effect

15、s of feeding frequency on growth, food conversion efficiency and body composition of loach.630 health loach fishes randomly divided into 3 groups, each with 210 fishes and with respectively 3 repeats of 70 fishes in net cages.The scale of feeding was 4 percent of body weight of loach per day. A grow

16、th trial of loachwas conducted on the effects of four different feeding frequencies （2, 3 and 4 times per day）. The result showed that, in the experiment the suitable feeding frequency of loach was 4 times per day.6. The effects of feeding level on growth, food conversion efficiency and body composi

17、tion of loach.180 health loach fishes randomly divided into 3 groups, each with 60 fishes and with respectively 3 repeats of 20 fishes in fishbowls. A growth trial of loach was carried out at ration levels （3%, 4% and 5%）.The result showed that, in the experiment the suitable feeding level of loach

18、was 5%.7. The feeding scheme of loach in AnkangOn the basis of above researches, the feeding scheme of loach fit for Ankang was proposed preliminary,the best feeding frequency was 4 times per day and the feeding rations were 3.10g·100g-1,3.97g·100g-1 and 4.83g·100g-1at 19,23and 27resp

19、ectively; the feeding times were 07:00,11:30,17:30 and 23:30 and the ratios were 25:40:10:25 at 19; the feeding times were 04:00,08:30,14:30 and 20:30 and the ratios were 25:5:30:40 and 25:15:25:35 at 23 and 27respectively.【關鍵詞】泥鰍 攝食節(jié)律 日投喂量 投喂頻率 投喂策略【英文關鍵詞】Loach Diurnal feeding rhythm Feeding Level

20、Feeding Frequency Feeding strategy【目錄】泥鰍投喂策略研究 摘要 5-7 ABSTRACT 7-8 第一章 文獻綜述 13-24 1.1 投喂策略 13-21 1.1.2 投喂時間 14-16 1.1.3 日攝食量 16-20 1.1.4 投喂頻率 20 1.1.5 日投喂量 20 1.1.6 投喂模式 20-21 1.2 研究背景 21-23 1.2.1 泥鰍的生物學特性 22 1.2.2 泥鰍的人工繁殖與養(yǎng)殖技術 22-23 1.3 前景和展望 23 1.4 本研究的目的和意義 23-24 第二章 不同水體溫度對泥鰍日攝食節(jié)律的影響 24-30 2.1 材

21、料與方法 24-26 2.1.1 試驗泥鰍的選擇與強化培育 24 2.1.2 試驗設計與養(yǎng)殖管理 24-25 2.1.3 試驗操作 25-26 2.1.4 測定指標 26 2.1.5 數(shù)據(jù)處理和統(tǒng)計分析 26 2.2 結果與分析 26-27 2.2.1 泥鰍活動及攝食行為觀察結果 26 2.2.2 不同水體溫度條件下泥鰍腸道飽滿指數(shù)測定結果 26 2.2.3 水體溫度對泥鰍攝食節(jié)律的影響 26-27 2.3 討論 27-29 2.3.1 關于泥鰍攝食節(jié)律類型的劃分 27-28 2.3.2 水體溫度對泥鰍攝食節(jié)律的影響 28 2.3.3 攝食節(jié)律研究成果對投餌策略制定的啟示 28-29 2.4

22、結論 29-30 第三章 水體溫度對泥鰍攝食排空率的影響 30-37 3.1 材料與方法 30-32 3.1.1 攝食排空率研究方法 30 3.1.2 試驗用泥鰍的選擇、強化培育及養(yǎng)殖管理 30 3.1.3 試驗設計與試驗操作 30-31 3.1.4 測定指標與方法 31 3.1.5 數(shù)據(jù)處理和統(tǒng)計分析 31-32 3.2 結果與分析 32-34 3.2.1 不同水溫條件下全消化道內含物相對于凈重含量（CDW）測定結果 32-33 3.2.2 不同水體溫度條件下泥鰍全消化道內含物排空模型選擇 33 3.2.3 水體溫度對泥鰍消化道內含物排空率（ER）和排空時間（t）的影響 33-34 3.3

23、討論 34-36 3.3.1 泥鰍全消化道內含物排空特征 34-35 3.3.2 水體溫度對泥鰍全消化道內含物排空率的影響 35-36 3.3.3 水體溫度對泥鰍攝食排空率影響研究成果對投餌策略制定的啟示 36 3.4 結論 36-37 第四章 不同水體溫度對泥鰍日攝食量的影響 37-41 4.1 材料與方法 37-38 4.1.1 試驗用泥鰍的選擇與強化培育 37 4.1.2 試驗設計與養(yǎng)殖管理 37-38 4.1.3 試驗操作 38 4.1.4 測定指標與方法 38 4.1.5 數(shù)據(jù)處理和統(tǒng)計分析 38 4.2 結果與分析 38-40 4.2.1 不同水體溫度條件下DCW 測定結果 38 4.2.2 水體溫度對泥鰍日攝食量的影響 38-40 4.3 討論 40 4.4 結論 40-41 第五章 泥鰍適宜日投喂量研究 41-47 5.1 材料與方法 41-43 5.1.1 試驗用泥鰍的選擇與強化培育 41 5.1.2 試驗設計與操作方法 41-42 5.1.3 觀察項目和測定指標與方法 42 5.1.4 數(shù)據(jù)處理與統(tǒng)計分析 42-43 5.2 結果與分析 43-46 5.2.1 泥鰍采食情況觀察 43 5.2.2 泥鰍的采食速度 43-44 5.2.3 微流水環(huán)境中無泥鰍采食條件下飼料的溶失率測定 44 5.2.4 微流水環(huán)境中泥鰍正常采食條件下飼料實際溶失率估計 44-4