高考地理 技法點(diǎn)撥——氣候 1 (377)

1、八、名詞性從句考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 主語從句主語從句1. that連接主語從句時(shí)連接主語從句時(shí), 沒有具體意思沒有具體意思, 不充當(dāng)句子成不充當(dāng)句子成分分, 只是起標(biāo)志性的作用只是起標(biāo)志性的作用, 但但that不能省略。不能省略。what引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)時(shí)時(shí), 既要在從句中充當(dāng)成分既要在從句中充當(dāng)成分, 又有意義。又有意義。*It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 我從來沒想到你會成功地說服他改變主意。我從來沒想到你會成功地說服他改變主意。2. whether連接從句時(shí)連接從句時(shí),

2、表示懷疑表示懷疑, 不能省略不能省略, 意為意為“是是否否”, 在句首時(shí)不能用在句首時(shí)不能用if替換。替換。*It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 舊汽車站是否應(yīng)該被重建為現(xiàn)代化的賓館仍然在商討舊汽車站是否應(yīng)該被重建為現(xiàn)代化的賓館仍然在商討中。中。3. 連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不能省略連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不能省略, 并在并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。*It was never clear wh

3、y the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. 這個(gè)人為什么沒有盡快報(bào)告這個(gè)事故這個(gè)人為什么沒有盡快報(bào)告這個(gè)事故, 還不清楚。還不清楚。4. 主語從句要用陳述語序主語從句要用陳述語序, 即主謂語序。即主謂語序?！军c(diǎn)津】【點(diǎn)津】(1)用用it作形式主語的常用句型有作形式主語的常用句型有: It+系動詞系動詞+形容詞形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/ wrong/important/certain等等)+that從句從句It+be+名詞名詞(短語短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等等)+that

4、從句從句It+be+過去分詞過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等等)+that從句從句It+特殊動詞特殊動詞(seems, appears, happens, matters)+that從句從句*It is a pity that I missed the party held last night. 很遺憾我錯(cuò)過了昨晚舉行的聚會。很遺憾我錯(cuò)過了昨晚舉行的聚會。*It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness. 據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道, 該事故源于該事故源于(司機(jī)的司機(jī)的)粗心駕駛。粗心駕駛。(2)在在I

5、t is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ ordered+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中從句結(jié)構(gòu)中, 從句用從句用“(should+)動詞原動詞原形形”?！镜淅饰觥俊镜淅饰觥坑眠m當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空(2015廣東高考廣東高考)Now it occurred to him_his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 固定句型固定句型“it occurred to sb. +that從句從句”表表示示“某人突然想到某人突然想

6、到”, it是形式主語是形式主語, 真正的主語是真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句。引導(dǎo)的從句。答案判定答案判定: that【高考題組】【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1. (2016江蘇高考江蘇高考)It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 2. (2015全國卷全國卷)It struck me _ playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.

7、thatthat3. (2015陜西高考陜西高考)If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely _ he will get the job. 4. (2014全國卷全國卷)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 5. (2013湖北高考湖北高考)_ delighted the fans was that theyoung player performed extremely well i

8、n the table tennis tournament. thatwhenWhat考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 賓語從句賓語從句1. that連接賓語從句時(shí)通常可以省略連接賓語從句時(shí)通?？梢允÷?但多個(gè)并列的賓但多個(gè)并列的賓語從句中只能省略第一個(gè)語從句中只能省略第一個(gè)that), 沒有具體的意思沒有具體的意思, 不充不充當(dāng)句子成分當(dāng)句子成分, 只是起連接作用。只是起連接作用。what引導(dǎo)時(shí)引導(dǎo)時(shí), 既要在從既要在從句中充當(dāng)成分句中充當(dāng)成分, 又有意義。又有意義。*Im writing to tell you that my uncle is going to your city for a conferen

9、ce. 我寫信是想告訴你我叔叔要去你的城市開會。我寫信是想告訴你我叔叔要去你的城市開會。2. 在在whether/if連接的賓語從句中連接的賓語從句中, whether/if意為意為“是是否否”(但在但在whether. . . or not結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中, 或者或者whether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞的賓語時(shí)的賓語從句作介詞的賓語時(shí), 以及以及whether+to do結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)中和中和whether引導(dǎo)的從句作少數(shù)動詞引導(dǎo)的從句作少數(shù)動詞(如如leave, put, discuss, doubt, know等等)的賓語時(shí)的賓語時(shí), 只能用只能用whether, 不能不能用用if來替換來替換)

10、。*Weve offered her the job, but I dont know whether shell accept it. 我們已經(jīng)為她提供了這份工作我們已經(jīng)為她提供了這份工作, 但我不但我不知道她是否會接受。知道她是否會接受。*I dont know whether to leave or not. 我不知道是否要離開。我不知道是否要離開。3. 連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不能省略連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不能省略, 并在并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。*Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we d

11、o and who we are if we want to succeed. 老師總是告訴我們老師總是告訴我們, 如果想要成功如果想要成功, 就要相信我們所做就要相信我們所做的事情以及我們是誰。的事情以及我們是誰。4. 有些動詞或動詞短語有些動詞或動詞短語, 如如like, hate, appreciate, depend on, see to等等, 一般不直接跟從句一般不直接跟從句, 需要借助需要借助it。*You may depend on it that she will go with you. 你可以相信她會與你一起去。你可以相信她會與你一起去。5. 當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)當(dāng)主句

12、的主語是第一人稱時(shí), 在在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞后的賓語從句若是否定的等動詞后的賓語從句若是否定的, 就運(yùn)就運(yùn)用否定轉(zhuǎn)移用否定轉(zhuǎn)移, 將否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動詞上。將否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動詞上。*I dont believe she will attend the meeting. 我認(rèn)為她不會來參加該會議。我認(rèn)為她不會來參加該會議。6. it作形式賓語作形式賓語, 真正的賓語后置真正的賓語后置, 常用此種結(jié)構(gòu)的及物常用此種結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動詞有動詞有find, make, think, feel, consider等。等。*I find it impo

13、rtant that we should keep calm in face of danger. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們在危險(xiǎn)面前保持鎮(zhèn)靜是很重要的。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們在危險(xiǎn)面前保持鎮(zhèn)靜是很重要的。7. 不論主句為何種句型不論主句為何種句型, 賓語從句都用陳述語序。賓語從句都用陳述語序。【典例剖析】【典例剖析】單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)(2015全國卷全國卷)He found where his parents were missing. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 句意句意: 他發(fā)現(xiàn)父母不見了。他發(fā)現(xiàn)父母不見了。found后面接賓后面接賓語從句語從句, where表示在哪里表示在哪里, 不符合句意。不符合句意。that引導(dǎo)賓語

14、引導(dǎo)賓語從句在從句中不作成分從句在從句中不作成分, 只起連接作用只起連接作用, 而且在此句中而且在此句中可以省略?？梢允÷浴４鸢概卸ù鸢概卸? where改為改為that或者去掉或者去掉where【高考題組】【高考題組】單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)/用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1. (2016全國卷全國卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. (改錯(cuò)改錯(cuò))_2. (2015全國卷全國卷)We would especially welcome articles about _ Americans spend their h

15、olidays and festivals. that改為改為wherehow3. (2014全國卷全國卷)I hope _ I will work in a computer company as a program designer. 4. (2014全國卷全國卷)I will do a good job in _ I do. 5. (2015全國卷全國卷)They come to Lehannes group justto learn to say _ they feel. 6. (2013全國卷全國卷)I wonder _ you could sellsome Chinese knot

16、s for me. thatwhateverwhatif/whether考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 表語從句表語從句1. that連接從句時(shí)從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳述句連接從句時(shí)從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳述句, that不能省略不能省略, 沒有具體的意思沒有具體的意思, 不充當(dāng)句子成分不充當(dāng)句子成分, 只是起連只是起連接作用。接作用。what引導(dǎo)時(shí)引導(dǎo)時(shí), 既要在從句中充當(dāng)成分既要在從句中充當(dāng)成分, 又有意又有意義。義。*(2014全國卷全國卷)The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong th

17、ings. 最后的結(jié)果是我們感覺我們沒能集中注意力或我們關(guān)最后的結(jié)果是我們感覺我們沒能集中注意力或我們關(guān)注的是錯(cuò)誤的事情。注的是錯(cuò)誤的事情。2. whether連接從句時(shí)從句來源于一般疑問句連接從句時(shí)從句來源于一般疑問句, 為一個(gè)為一個(gè)句意完整、語氣不確定的陳述句。句意完整、語氣不確定的陳述句。whether不能省略不能省略, 意為意為“是否是否”, 不能用不能用if替換。替換。*His question is whether they can be friends. 他的問題是他們能否成為朋友。他的問題是他們能否成為朋友。3. 連接代詞、連接副詞引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)連接詞不能省連接代詞、連接副詞引

18、導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)連接詞不能省略略, 并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。*Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money. 如果我有這么多錢如果我有這么多錢, 我會自己做買我會自己做買賣賣, 那就是我想做的事情。那就是我想做的事情。4. 表語從句要用陳述語序表語從句要用陳述語序, 即主謂語序。即主謂語序?！军c(diǎn)津】【點(diǎn)津】常見的表語從句句型常見的表語從句句型: (1)It looks/seems as if. . . 好像好像; 仿佛仿佛(2)This is because. . . 這是因?yàn)檫@是因?yàn)?/p>

19、(強(qiáng)調(diào)原因強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)(3)The reason why. . . is that. . . 的原因是的原因是(4)That is why. . . 那就是那就是的原因的原因(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)(5)The question/problem is whether/when/where. . . 問問題是題是(6)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that. . . 他的夢想他的夢想/建議建議/目標(biāo)目標(biāo)/目的是目的是(7)what從句從句+be+that從句從句例如例如: What surprised us most was that he came late

20、 again. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空(2015陜西高考陜西高考)My only mistake was_I dropped some on the floor when I was packing them up. 解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵: 引導(dǎo)表語從句引導(dǎo)表語從句that在從句中不作成分在從句中不作成分, 只起只起到連接作用。到連接作用。答案判定答案判定: that【高考題組】【高考題組】用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1. (2016北京高考北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one ca

21、n be entirely free from dust. 2. (2015福建高考福建高考)The first thing I would say is _ the way you begin the conversation is very important. thatthat3. (2013四川高考四川高考)Home is _ we can remember pain, love, and some other experiences. 4. (2015全國卷全國卷)It seemed _ something clicked with the girls between Saturday and Sunday. 5. (2015四川高考四川高考)Thats _ it all started. 6. (2015天津高考天津高考)The finest and happiest years of our lives were not _ all th