概要寫作寫作指導(dǎo)

1、概要寫作寫作指導(dǎo)篇一：周永鵬概要寫作 教學(xué)設(shè)計概要寫作教學(xué)設(shè)計臺州一中周永鵬Learning Goals:1. Learn about the main features of an exposition2. Learn how to find the main points in each paragraph3. Learn to use various ways to express the main points4. Learn to use transition to make the summary coherent5. Learn to use checklist to make

2、comment on a summary6. Learn about the importance of safe drivingTeaching Procedure:Step 1 Lead-inT: First, I want to show you somepictures. What do you think of these traffic accidents?S: Traffic accidents are dangerous.T: Yes, they are not only dangerous but also very common. According to a survey

3、, most causes of traffic accidents are related with drivers. Can you list some reasons?S: Speeding; Tired driving; Drunk driving; Careless driving; Using cell phones while drivingStep2 Determine the text type and main aspect of each paragraphT: Today we will focus on a passage on a social phenomenon

4、, which is using cell phones while driving. Do you think what aspects will be mentioned in the passage?S: cause; effect; solution; opinion and so on.Cause: Not mentionedNegative effect: Para2Solution: Para3/4Opinion: Para1/5T: What is the style of the passage?5: A. Narration B. Exposition C. Argumen

5、tationStep3 Display the basic requirement of a summaryA Summary Writing on Using cell phones while driving should be:1. CompleteIt includes all the main & supporting points using your own words.2. ConciseIt omits unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information;3

6、. CoherentIt is a paragraph with necessary transitions to make it flow.4. CorrectIt should be written in a grammatically correct way5. ObjectiveIt doesn ctontain your own ideas or emotions on the topic.Step4 Find the main points and make the outlinePara 1&5: author s opinionPara1 Cell phones are

7、 used everywhere, but John Andretti says, “ Driving safely is your first responsibility. ”Para 2: negative effectPara2 The New England Journal of Medicine reported that “” The major problem is that the driver is not focused on the road, but on his or her conversation. Cell phone drivers are very unp

8、redictable: they drive too fast or too slow, make improper turns, run red lights, and even stop at green ones. It s not only annoying; it s dangerous. Accidents related to cell phones include rear-ending other vehicles, running off a road and crashing into trees, fences, and buildings, and even turn

9、ing over.Para 3&4: solutionPara3 In October at the California Traffic Safety Summit, experts showed that “ cell phones used by drivers lead to at least 1,000 deaths per year in Califo rnia. ” These are the same problems that occur with drunk driving, which is against the law and strictly enforce

10、d a dangerous distraction to:1. distract the drivers attention2. cause/contribute to/bring about harmful distraction to3. drivers tend to be distracted using cell phones while driving should be forbidden:1. phones shouldn t be allowed on the road2. put a ban on using phones on the road3. should be p

11、revented from usingphonesCell phones used on the road are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden.1. Using cell phones while driving can distract the drivers attention and should be banned.2. Cell phones shouldn bte allowed on the road because they cause harmful distraction to dri

12、vers.3. Drivers should be prevented from using cellphones while driving because they tend to be distracted.Step6 Have a try to write a summaryStep7 Learn to use transition to make the summary coherentUsing cell phones while driving can distract the drivers attention and should banned. Drivers have a

13、 higher rate of accidents due to a lack of concentration on the road. 1, we needlaw to limit the cell phones use.2 , they should use cellphones in a more responsible way.3 , cell phones are importantand should be used wisely. We had better not use them while driving.Transition：1 .后果與措施之間：1） therefor

14、e; so （連詞）2） to solve the problem; to handle this case; to deal with itto reduce accidents/death; because the accidents happen frequently; because of the large number of accidents; because of the bad effect （問題出發(fā)）3） to make driving safe; to ensure driving safety （安全目的）2 .措施與措施之間:1. as for drivers;2.

15、 before laws are carried out/come out/passed/introduced/put into effect3.正文與結(jié)尾之間: in conclusion; allin all; to sum up; in a wordStepLearn to use checklist to makecomment on a summary典型錯誤分析Cell phones are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should be forbidden. The rate of the accidents increases

16、because the drivers pay little attention on the road while use phones. It leads to various accidents include running off a road and crashing intotrees, fences, and buildings. California will use law to limit the use of phones in cars because it causes more than 1, 000 deaths per year. Drivers should

17、 take the responsible to use phones safely and wisely. After all, we only have one life at all.篇二：周永鵬概要寫作 教學(xué)材料概要寫作教學(xué)材料臺州一中周永鵬Cell phones are used everywhere, but on the road they are a dangerous distraction to drivers and should beforbidden.The New England Journal of Medicine reported that “ drivers

18、using a cell phone were four times more likely to have an accident than those not using a phone. ”The major problem is that the driver is not focused on the road, but on his or her conversation. Cell phone drivers are very unpredictable: they drive too fast or too slow, make improper turns, run red

19、lights, and even stop at green ones. Its not only annoying; it s dangerous. Accidents related to cell phones include rear-ending other vehicles, running off a road and crashing into trees, fences, and buildings, and even turning over.In October at the California Traffic Safety Summit, experts showed

20、 that “ cell phones used by drivers lead to at least 1,000 deaths per year in California. are the same problems that occur with drunk driving, which is against the law and strictly enforced. For the same reasons, California needs law that restrict the use of cell phones in cars.Until we take action

21、to pass new laws, drivers at least need to be more responsible when using cell phones. The American Automobile Association recommends that drivers pull off the road before using a cell phone, have a passenger use it for them, or use voice mail to answer calls. Another suggestion is to keep the phone

22、 off while moving or simply not to use it in the car. Before using a cell phone, drivers should ask themselves, “ Isthis call really that important? ”Cell phones can be a very important link in emergencies, but drivers need to use them wisely. As professional NASCAR racer John Andretti says, “ Drivi

23、ng safely is your first responsibility. The ” best road to safety is to just hang up and drive.（裁剪線） 答題區(qū)域words） 篇三：高考英語概要寫作指導(dǎo)及訓(xùn)練記敘文高考英語概要寫作指導(dǎo)及訓(xùn)練一、寫作指導(dǎo)摘要是對一篇文章的主題思想的簡單陳述。它用最簡潔的語言概括了原文的主題。寫摘要主要包括三個步驟： （ 1）閱讀； （ 2）寫作； （ 3）修改成文。第一步：閱讀A 認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料。 如果 一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍。閱讀次數(shù) 越多，你對原文的理解就越深刻。B 給摘要起一個標(biāo)題。 用那些能概括文

24、章主題思想的單詞、短語或短句子作為標(biāo)題。也可以采用文中的主題句作為標(biāo)題。主題句往往出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。一個好標(biāo)題有助于確定文章的 中心思想。C 現(xiàn)在， 就該決定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。對重要部分的主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概括。D.簡要地記下主要觀點(diǎn)一一主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)等你認(rèn)為對概括摘要重要的東西。 第二步：動手寫作A. 摘要應(yīng)盡量用自己的話完成。 不 要直接引用原文的句子。B. 應(yīng)該遵循原文的邏輯順序。這樣你就不必重新組織觀點(diǎn)、事實(shí)。C. 摘要必須全面、清晰地表明原文所載的信息，以便你的讀者不需翻閱原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 寫摘要時可以采用下列幾種小技巧：1) 刪除細(xì)節(jié)。只保留

25、主要觀點(diǎn)。2) 選擇一至兩個例子。原文中可能包括 5 個或更多的例子，你只需從中篩 選一至二個例子。3) 把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。4) 避免重復(fù)。在原文中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個主題，可能會重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。5) 壓縮長的句子。如下列兩例：“ Hiscourage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like. ”可以概括為： ” He was very brave in battle. ”“ He wa

26、s hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括為： “ Hewas in financial difficulties. ”6) 你還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請看下面的例子：” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels

27、on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括為： ” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hot

28、els and better transportation services.7) 使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如：“ Shebrought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation. ”可以概括為： ” She brought home a lotof books to read during the vocation.)使

29、用最短的連接詞。比如，可以使用 but, then, thus, yet, though ，不能使 用 at the same time,in the first place, because of these, onthe other hand等較長的連接詞。通常，使用分號就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。9) 文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在摘要中轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱，從而把大段的對白簡化，比如： Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too muchsalt on your food, Paul it s not good for you! ”

30、 Paul put down his knife and frowned: ” Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt! ” Kate was patient. She didn t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to pe

31、rsuade him. She said firmly:” But too much salt isbad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more. ”可以用第三人稱概括為：Kate suggest

32、ed to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that foodwithout salt would be tasteless.第三步：修改成文草稿擬好以后，對它進(jìn)行修改。首先，與原文比較看是否把所有重要的觀點(diǎn)都概括了，摘要中的觀點(diǎn)是否與原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要

33、中出現(xiàn)了不必要的詞匯、短語或長句子，刪除它們。第三，檢查拼寫、語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的錯誤。 最后， 保持語言簡單明了。 經(jīng)過上述步驟和方法，一篇摘要就可以完 成了。二、記敘文概要寫作要寫好記敘文的概要，先要找到以下兩個問題的答案 :1.誰做什么了？2.結(jié)果如何？如果是夾敘夾議，還要加上這個故事給人們的啟示或教育意義。college student selling Chinese pancake in New York has become Internet hit recently. The pancake stall is owned by a Chinese student surnamed L

34、i, who was born in 1990s. She started to run the pancake stall on Oct. 26 this year. Every day she sells nearly 200 pancakes and gets 1,500 US dollars in day she sells nearly 200 pancakes and gets 1,500 US dollars in return.Starting up the business is not an easy thing. Li receives parking tickets e

35、very day from New York Traffic Department. ” Their truck is lovely and the food is delicious.Veggie pancake is sold at 7 dollars each. And you need to pay dollars for an extra sausage or ham, ” said Xu, who is a college student of the New York University.Li was born and raised in Beijing. She went t

36、o the United States for college. She majored in business and minored in art history. After graduation, she did not like working in the office and came up with the idea of starting up her own business.” Iam familiar with Chinese pancake because I grew up in Beijing. I barely saw Chinese pancake in Ne

37、w York so I thought it may have market, ” Li said.2. When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity . To show this, she held up one chopstick,representing oneperson. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together,

38、 representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew An and her family own a large restaurant businessin California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975,

39、they didn htave much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny s mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they

40、 were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the familybusiness. They opened ne

41、w restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “ Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without

42、the strength of the family, there is no business. T” heir expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said,“ Uhthe game box haven t