牛津高中英語模塊四第二單元Sports-event1

1、牛津高中英語模塊四第二單元Sports events胡玉杰 Ma Chang Middle School Shu Yang County JiangsuKey expressions and phrases1. be delighted to do sth: 樂意做be delighted at sth: 因為而高興 We are delighted that you have come here.我們很高興你來這里 I was delighted at the news that he had passed the exam.他通過了考試的消息讓我很高興。2. significance: n

2、. 重要性，意義 be of significance: 重要，有意義So far, research hasnt produced anything of great significance.到目前而言，研究還沒有產(chǎn)生任何重要意義。3. every: 每隔every + 基數(shù)詞 + n(復數(shù)): 每.every + 序數(shù)詞 + n(單數(shù)): 每到第.every other + n(單數(shù)): 每隔一every few + n(復數(shù)): 每隔幾 You should plant the tree every three meters你每三米就值樹 You should plant the tr

3、ee every the third meter你每到第三米就值樹 every other line: 每隔一行 every few days: 每隔幾天4. compete: vi. 比賽，競爭 compete with / against sb for sth: 與某人就比賽競爭competition: kmpitin n. 比賽，競爭competitive: kmpetitiv adj. 比賽的，競爭的competitor: kmpetit n. 比賽者，競爭者 She is competing with her sister for attention(爭寵). boxing / ch

4、ess / beauty competition competitive sports: 競爭性體育運動5. bring sth to life: 賦予以生命；使生動 bring sth back to life: 使重生In the story the artists brought the statue to life.6. under the name of sth: 以為別名筆名 He wrote his novels under the name of John.7. absence: n. 不在，缺席，缺乏 in / during ones absence: 在不在時in the

5、absence of sth: 由于缺乏 The accident happened in / during your absence. Police had to release the boy in the absence of hard evidence. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 人不見，心更念；久別情更深。8. gold medal: 金牌 silver medal: 銀牌 bronze medal: 銅牌9. hang on: vi. (1) 緊緊抓住 (2) 稍等 (3) 堅持不懈 hang on to sth: (1) 保留，保存

6、 (2) 抓緊 We all hung on as the bus swung around a sharp bend(急轉(zhuǎn)彎). Hang on! I will be back in a minute. I know you are tired, but try to hang on a bit longer. I should hang on to those old photosthey may be valuable. Hang on to that rope, and dont let go. 抓緊那根繩子，不要松手。10. attempt: n. & vi. 嘗試，努力；試

7、圖，企圖嘗試試圖努力做 attempt to do sth: make an attempt to do sth: in an attempt to do sth: 為了. Every time I attempt to convince her, she will shout at me. In an attempt to control the inflation, the government took many measures.11. push the boundary of sth: 挑戰(zhàn)的極限這個短語還有如下出現(xiàn)形式：push boundaries；push boundaries

8、 of sth；push the boundaries of sth。其含義是： 1. extend something beyond limits 將某事物延伸超出界限；2.go beyond the usual limits 突破通常限制或約束；開拓，開辟；拓展 Nowadays some people are wearing a good-looking USB drive around the neck as a necklace which pushes boundaries of taste. 現(xiàn)在有些人在脖子上帶個漂亮的U盤當做項鏈，U盤項鏈拓展了品味的概念界

9、限。 Wen Jiaobao is trying to push China's political boundaries.溫家寶正努力突破中國的政治常規(guī)。 M.I.A. said she makes music to push the boundaries of her own creativity, rather than please anyone else.M.I.A.說她制作音樂目的在于開拓她自己的創(chuàng)造力，而不是取悅于什么人。12. join sb in doing sth: 和一起做 Mother joins me in sending you our best wishe

10、s.Key sentences1.Many people enjoy playing different sports while others just enjoy watching them. enjoy sth /enjoy doing sth While作并列連詞用，意思為“而，然而”，表對比。而but表轉(zhuǎn)折。注意用心比較體會while與but的句中用意 1).Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些人很費糧食，然而有些人

11、卻吃不飽。 2).The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields. 兒子在家吃好飯而父母卻在田里辛勤勞作。 3).I ought to have helped her，but I never could. 我本

12、該幫她但沒能。 4).Honey is sweet，but the bee stings2. Below are pictures of a few popular sports.這個是倒裝句。介詞位于句首需要倒裝。In front of my house are many trees在我房子的前面有很多樹。3. I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olym

13、pic Games.be delighted to do sth: 樂意做be delighted that: 很高興be delighted at sth: 因為而高興 (to) have been invited to 完成時的被動語態(tài)invite sb to +place 邀請.到.地方invite sb (not) to do sth 邀請.（不）做4. L10-11 At the ancient Olympics, by tradition, the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes. w

14、earing no clothes 是分詞作伴隨狀語。The old man sat in front of his house staring the people nearby老人坐在自己房子前，盯著附近的人。5.L13-15 Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part, no matter what nation they come from. no matter與疑問詞who, what, where, when, how, 

15、if, whether等連用，意為“無論，不管”。如： 1) Don't open the door, no matter who comes. 不管誰來都別開門。     2) Don't trust him, no matter what he says. 無論他說什么，都別相信他。    

16、; 3) No matter where you work, you can always find time to study. 無論你在哪里工作，你都能找到時間學習。     4) No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be

17、60;wiped out clean. 無論侵略者什么時候來，怎樣來，他們必將被消滅得一干二凈。no matter who (what, when, where, how, whether等)引導的從句通常在句中作狀語，表示讓步，但有時也可在句中作賓語 No matter which party gets in at the next election, the economy

18、 is going to be in a mess.(讓步狀語從句）Whatever（whoever, whichever, wherever, whomever）有兩個用法，一是引導名詞性從句（如主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句），二是用于引導讓步狀語從句。1. 用于引導名詞性從句Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的2. Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。3. I will do whatever you wish. 我可做任何你想我做的事。4.

19、Give them whatever they desire. 他們想要什么就給他們什么。5. Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都由你使用。6. You may do whatever you want to do. 無論你想做什么事，你都可以做。用于引導讓步狀語從句1).Whatever we said, he'd disagree. 無論我們說什么，他都不同意。2).Whatever happened I must be calm. 不管發(fā)生什么情況我都要鎮(zhèn)靜。不管發(fā)生什么情況我都要鎮(zhèn)靜。3).Well go along toge

20、ther whatever happens. 不管發(fā)生什么情況我們都要起干。4).Dont lose heart whatever difficulties you meet. 不管遇到什么困難都不要灰心。5).Whatever you do, I won't tell you my secret. 不管你做什么，我都不會把我的秘密告訴你。6 L17-19 He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace. it是形式賓

21、語，真正的賓語是不定式部分I found it easier to solve this problem我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題比較容易7.L20 Among them are many well-known athletes. 這句話是倒裝句。介詞位于句首需要倒裝L48-49 Yet, she hung on to win the gold medal in the final match. hang on to1hold tightly 牢牢抓住It was so windy that I had to hang on to my hat all the way along the s

22、treet風太大，在街上我得一直牢牢抓住我的帽子。Hang on to my hand，while we cross the street過街時要緊緊抓住我的手。2rely on依靠The only thing I can hang on to is none other than my own brain and hands我唯一能依靠的只有我自己的頭腦和手。Her son's death depressed her so much that she thought nothing was left for her to hang on to她兒子的死使她十分地傷心，以致于她認為沒有

23、什么是她可以依靠的了。3retain possession of留??；保留You'd better hang on to those shares；they'll be going up again soon你最好留下那些股票，它們很快又會看漲的P34-35 1. I advise you that you should watch less TV at night. advise 表示建議 后面接從句 用虛擬語氣。類似的還有表示命令，建議 要求 請求的一些動詞或名詞后面There is a suggestion that you should read English two

24、 hours a day這里有條建議就是你應該每天閱讀英語兩個小時2. My advice to you is that you should drink more water. 同上3. Why dont you go swimming instead of watching TV at home? 4. Why not go swimming with me? why dont you= why not 為什么不 表示建議P38-39 . Entering a sport into the Olympics can a long process. 分詞作主語Seeing is believ

25、ing眼見為實情態(tài)動詞1 情態(tài)動詞的語法特征 1） 情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2） 情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。3） 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4） 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。2 比較can 和be able to 1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (過去時用could), can 表示泛指做某事的能力Be able to 表示具體做某事的能力Many people could escape from big fire, but few of t

26、hem were able to 許多人可以在大火中逃生（泛指逃生的能力）但很少有人能夠逃離（只具體逃避的能力）can只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用be able to a. 位于助動詞后。 b. 情態(tài)動詞后。 c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。 1）提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 - Could I have the television on? - Yes, you can. / No, you can'

27、t.2）在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是壞人。3 比較may和might 1） 表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。典型例題Peter _come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出

28、。4 比較have to和must 1)兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事） 2)have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過

29、去的必要或義務。He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3） 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： don't have to 表示"不必"mustn't表示"禁止"， You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。 You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。5 must表示推測 1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。2) must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情

30、的推測時， must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進行式。 You have passed the exam. You must be happy 你通過了考試，你一定是高興的。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較： He must be staying there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必須呆在那。3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。 I didn't hear the phone. I must have been

31、asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。4) must表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接完成進行式。-Why didn't you answer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it. 5) 否定推測用 can't。 If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。6 表示推測的用法 can, c

32、ould, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M行的情況進行推測。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3）情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。表示對過去情況的推測。We would have finished this work by th

33、e end of next December.明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時。表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5）推測的否定形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus thi

34、s morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。 注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如 can, may。7 情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞 1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car

35、accident.2)must have +done sth，對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本應該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。You ought to (should) have been more car

36、eful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事實上已扔了。） ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。4) needn't have done sth 本沒必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read the art

37、icle, but I was very busy then.8 should 和ought to should 和ought to 都為"應該"的意思，可用于各種人稱。-Ought he to go?-Yes. I think he ought to. 表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should（應該）、had better最好）、must（必須）漸強。9 had better表示"最好" had better 相當于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。had better do sth had better not do sthIt is p

38、retty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示與事實相反的結(jié)果，意為"本來最好"。You had better have come earlier.10 would rather表示"寧愿" would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 寧愿而不愿。 還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner

39、都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例題- Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do? A. do you ratherB. would you rather C. will you rather D.

40、should you rather答案B。本題考查情態(tài)動詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意為"寧愿"，本題為疑問句， would 提前，所以選B。11 will和would 注意： 1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。 Would you like to go with me? 2）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some, 而不是any。 Would you like some cake?3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不

41、用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。 Won't you sit down?12 情態(tài)動詞的回答方式 問句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No,I needn'tMust you?/don't have to. 典型例題1）-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C.could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時態(tài)。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時，用can和 may來表達，不能用could