It的用法專項(xiàng)總結(jié)及訓(xùn)練

1、It的用法專項(xiàng)總結(jié)及訓(xùn)練It 的用法一、.it作人稱代詞1.it的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的事物，以避免重復(fù):Ningbo is  a  beautiful  city, isnt  it?They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.2.也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒(未知性別的嬰兒或孩子):Is this your dog？No, it isnt.3.也可指抽象事物:It  was a great surprise to me when he did a thing li

2、ke that-I want to stay. -Your father won't like it.二、.非人稱代詞itit有時(shí)并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、日期、距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，稱為非人稱的it：1.指天氣：It is a lovely day, isnt  it? It is a bit windy.2.指時(shí)間: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 3.指環(huán)境: It was very quiet in  the  café. 4.指距離：It is half an h

3、ours  walk  to the city centre. 5指日期：What's the date toda? It's the eleventh,October.6指季節(jié)：It is summer now.7指度量：It is about 20 pound/kg8.指價(jià)值：- What's the cost of the dictionary?-It is sixty-three.9 It's 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot.三、it的其他用法1.表示誰在做某事的句子： (作不定的形式主語)-Who

4、is it? -Its me. Who is it there? It's I (me/you/he.).I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.Her face  lighted when she saw who it was. 2.用來泛泛的指某件事： (有時(shí)泛指一般情況)-So you are going to be married this time？-When is it？ It doesnt matter. It is a shame, isnt  it?How is it going?(情況怎樣）It'

5、;s your turn to be on duty.It says in the newspaper that.3.it用在一些詞組中，it 沒有特別的意思The last train'e on, we'll foot it.(來，咱們步行吧。）四、作形式主語，替代不定式，ing形式或主語從句作形式主語替代主語從句1. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that . 該句型中it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為清楚（顯然，真的，肯定）是主語從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。   It is

6、 very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That  hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . 該句型和上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型；由于主句中的形容詞不同，that 后的從句中要用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以省去，建議記住該句型中的形容詞。  It is important that we (should) lear

7、n English well.   It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 2. It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 該句型中的it 仍是形式主語，真正主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為據(jù)說（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）。   It is said that he has come to Beijing.   It is reported that another earth satelli

8、te has been put into orbit. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 該句型和上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型，主句中的過去分詞是表示請求，建議，命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should 可以?。怀Ｗg為據(jù)建議；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.

9、3. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是 常用過去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬 有時(shí)也用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should 不能省，常譯為是（正是）的時(shí)侯 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car.It is (high ) time you made up your mind.It is the first (

10、 second . ) time that . 該句型要和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開來，該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)，。至于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過去時(shí)，后面從句則用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去；it有時(shí)用 this 替換常譯為是第一（二）次。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 4.It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good t

11、hing/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that . 該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常譯為竟然。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語氣。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！ 5. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 該句型中it是形式主語，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語從

12、句，主句中的happen ， seem等詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看來 作形式主語替代不定式1. . It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由 of引起，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。 常見的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel

13、， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教養(yǎng)的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）等。 這個(gè)句型可以改寫為：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. . It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 該句型與上一個(gè)同屬一個(gè)句型，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由fo

14、r引起，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。 常見的形容詞有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在中的形容詞作表語可以用從句改寫， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to th

15、e party. 2.It takes sb. . to do sth. 該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時(shí)間，常譯為做要花費(fèi)某人。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 作形式主語替代ing形式It is no good (use ) doing sth. 該句型中的真正主語是動(dòng)名詞短語，主句中的表語可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning Englis

16、h without speaking English. It's useless trying to argue with Shylock.五、作形式賓語，代替不定式，ing形式，賓語從句。 We think it important to learn a foreign language. 該句型中的it 作形式賓語，為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為"6123結(jié)構(gòu)"。 6指主句中常用的動(dòng)詞：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式賓語it；2指的是賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞； 3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不

17、定式短語，動(dòng)名詞短語或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.六、.it的重要句型 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is/was 

18、 + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who . 該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語，強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人，that可以由who換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無缺的句子；這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in th

19、e street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met her in the street.It is you that /who are wrong.I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that)What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that)It is not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that . 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)凋時(shí)間狀語，譯成漢語直到才，可以說是 not . until . 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until

20、 she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.2. It is . since .。 該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，又要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用的問題，主句

21、中是時(shí)間作表語，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成時(shí)，since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞。如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句則用過去完成時(shí)。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.3. It is . when .。 該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時(shí)間，表語由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)，常譯為當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，是 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 4. It be . before . 該句型主句

22、中的 it 指時(shí)間， 主句中的時(shí)態(tài)常是將來一般時(shí)或過去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)主句中的表語多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示時(shí)間段的詞或短語，常譯為之后。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 5. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 該句型中whether(if) 引導(dǎo)的從句是真正主語，該句型常譯為不論（是否）沒關(guān)系。It doesnt matter if they are old. 6. I

23、t looks ( seems ) as if . 該句型中it無意義， as if 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句。常譯為，看起來好象如果與事實(shí)不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （沒有生?。?It seemed as if he were dying. It looks as if it hasn't been washed following the instructions.配套練習(xí)1：1.Tell what the word "it" refers to and

24、 its functions:1.It's difficult to remember all their names.2.It's very quiet in the cafe.3.It rained for three days.4.He made it clear that he didn't want to speak to me.5.It was nice seeing you.6.It was on Tuesday that Mrs Smith came.7.It's three miles to the nearest garage.8.A tal

25、l man stood up and shook hands.It was Captain Lawie.9.I hear you bought a nen you show it to me?10.It was five o'clock when we got back home yesterday.（Suggested answers:1.a preparatory subject for an infinitive2.refer to the present situation3.refer to weather4.a preparatory object5.a preparato

26、ry subject for an "-ing" form6.emphasize the adverbial of time7.refer to distance8.refer to a person when we are identifying somebody(saying who somebody is)9.refer to the word "bike" mentioned earlier10.refer to time）2.Complete the sentences,paying attention to the structures of

27、 them and the use of "it".1._(據(jù)報(bào)道)that dozens of children died in the accident.2._(真遺憾)that he can't swim at his age.3._(很可能)that they will beat us tonight.4._（看來）that he enjoys pop songs very much.5._（仍然是一個(gè)問題）when we shall have our sports meet.6._(還不確定)whether he can attend this confe

28、rence or not.7._（不要緊/沒關(guān)系）whether we go together or separately.8.It's up to you _（決定是否接受這項(xiàng)工作）。9.It is important _（我們學(xué)英語）.10.It is kind _（你們幫助我）.11.It took me five days _（解決這個(gè)問題）.12.It's no use _（與她爭論）.(Suggested answers:1.It was reportedIt be+p.p.(known,thought,told,believed,hoped)+that-claus

29、e2.It is a pityIt be+n.(an honour,a good thing,a fact,a surprise)+that-clause3.It is likelyIt be+adj.(wonderful,true,important,surprising,clear)+that-clause4.It seemsIt seems/appears/happens+that-clause5.It is still a questionIt be+n.+wh-/how-clause6.It is uncertainIt be+adj.(not decided,uncertain)+

30、wh-/how-clause7.It doesn't matterIt doesn't matter(It's no wonder;It doesn't make too much difference)+wh-/how-clause8.to decide whether to take the job or notIt's up to sb.to do sth.9.for us to learn EnglishIt be+adj.(difficult,easy,hard,important)for sb.to do sth.10.of you to h

31、elp meIt be+adj.(kind,nice,brave,clever,stupid)of sb.to do sth.11.to solve the problem.It takes(took)sb.to do sth.12.arguing with herIt's no use(no good,useless)doing sth.)3."it" can be used in some other structures to express "time".Let's do another exercise on the scree

32、n.Complete the sentences1._(已經(jīng)有三年了)since his father passed away.2._(不久)the police arrived.3._(已經(jīng)八點(diǎn)了)when we got home.4._（該的時(shí)候了）she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.5._(這是第一次)that these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.6._（我們該）to go to school.(1.It is/has been three yearsIt be+some time+since2.It

33、 was not long beforeIt be(not)+long(days,weeks,months)before3.It was already eight o'clockIt be+definite time+when4.It is(high)time(that)It be(high)time+(that)5.It is the first timeIt be+the first(second,third)time+that-clause6.It is time for usIt be time for sb.to do sth.)4.Rewrite the followin

34、g sentences,using"it"as a preparatory object.1.To make others laugh is difficult.(I found)(I found it difficult to make others laugh.)2.To help him is my duty.(I consider)(I consider it my duty to help him.)3.That we should keep calm is important.(I think)(I think it important that we shou

35、ld keep calm.)4.That he objected to the proposal is clear.(I made)(I made it clear that he objected to the proposal.)5.Correct mistakes if there are any.1.It is he that I want to see.("him" should be used instead of "he",)2.It is I who is leaving for London next week.("is&qu

36、ot; after "who" should be replaced by "am" to agree with "I" in person and number.)3.It was on Tuesday when Mrs Smith came.("when" should be replaced by "that" to give special emphasis to the adverbial of time.)6.look at the sentences on the screen.I

37、'd like you to translate them into Chinese.(in these sentences,"it" has no special meaning.)1.It is my turn.(輪到我了)2.Let's call it a day.(今天就到這里吧。)3.If the teacher sees you doing that,you will catch it.(如果老師看到你這么做，你就會(huì)挨批評(píng)。)4.Go ahead,we'll make it in the end.(繼續(xù)干吧，我們最終會(huì)成功的。)5.-I

38、will study hard in the future.-That's it.(-今后我會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)的。-這就對(duì)了。)6.Take it easy.(別著急。)7.Choose the best answers:1.Is_necessary to complete the design before National Day?A.this           B.that         

39、0;   C.it                 D.he2.She heard a terrible noise,_brought her heart into her mouth.A.it             B.which     

40、60;     C.this               D.that3.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but _didn't help.A.he            B.which  &

41、#160;         C.she              D.it4._is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There         B.This    

42、;          C.That             D.It5.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_?A.it             B.those   &

43、#160;         C.one             D.them6.-Why don't you take a little break?-Didn't we just have _.A.that           B.this   

44、60;          C.one              D.it7.I don't think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.this           B.

45、that              C.its               D.it8.-He was nearly drowned once.-When was _?-_was in 1998 that he was in middle school.A.that;It     

46、;    B.this;This           C.this;It            D.that;This9.The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we had expected.A.what       &

47、#160;  B.which             C.that              D.it10.Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A.it you         B.not you &

48、#160;           C.you             D.that yourself(15 CBDDC   610 CDABA)配套練習(xí)2：【知識(shí)過關(guān)】it用法演練Task1 單項(xiàng)選擇(32分)1.It took us over an hour _ along the street.A. walk B. to walk C. walking D

49、. walked2.I think it a great honour _ to visit your country.A. to invite B. inviting C. having invited D. to be invited3.Many people now make_ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.A. themselves B. it C. that D. this4. _ is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a

50、tree.A. This B. What C. That D. It5.In the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel,_ ?A. don't they B. does it C. do they D. doesn't it6.Someone is at the door, who is_ ?A. this B. that C. it D. he7.-It is raining cats and dogs.- _. .A. So it is B. So is it C. Neither

51、 it is D. Neither is it8.-My home is in that tall building over there.- _ ?A. Can it see B. Can see it C. Can be seen it D. Can it be seen9. _ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.A. It is B. It was C. It has been D. It had been10.-Has the boy got his bicycle now?-Yes, the police gave_. .A. him

52、 to him B. it to it C. it to him D. him to it11.-Boy, _. -It is, looks like spring is coming soon.-Yeh, It'll just be a few more weeks.A. it's really a nice day today, isn't it?B. what knid of weather are we going to have today?C. do you think it is going to rain today?D. what' it li

53、ke outside today?12.It is important _ their offer.A. reject B. rejects C. to reject D. rejecting13.Has _ been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?A. that B. this C. it D. what14.-Did Li Lei call me while I was out?-Yes, it was _ that called you.A. him B. he C. who D. whom15.Nothing is wrong with the radio _ ?A. isn't it B. is that C. is it D. isn't that16.I don't know _ makes her afraid of having her business discussed.A. what it is about Mary thatB. that is it abut Mary whatC. what is it about Mary thatD. that is about Mary what17.Which sentence is wron