新概念第一冊(cè)的語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1、新概念第一冊(cè)的語(yǔ)法總結(jié)2011-7-21    發(fā)布:北京新動(dòng)力    瀏覽:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)   表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。   構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) +be 動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它成分 ( 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄 )  We are having lunch.  He is reading a book.  The dog is running after a cat.  The boys are swimming across the river.

2、  變疑問(wèn)句將 be 動(dòng)詞移到句首  Are we having lunch?  Is he reading a book?  Is the dog running after a cat?  Are the boys swimming across the river?  變否定句在 be 動(dòng)詞后面加 not  We are not having lunch.  He is not reading a book.  The dog is not running after a cat.  Th

3、e boys are swimming across the river.  特殊疑問(wèn)句： what, which, how, where, who, etc.  疑問(wèn)詞 + 動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 現(xiàn)在分詞  What are you doing?  What is she doing?  What is the dog doing?  沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 ( 必背 )  表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作  1. 表示感覺，感官的詞  see, hear, like, love, wan

4、t,  2. have, has 當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)  一、時(shí)態(tài)：   一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)  1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)  表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。  1 含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子  He is a teacher.  The girl is very beautiful.  Tim and Jack are students.  變疑問(wèn)句將 be 動(dòng)詞移到句首  Is he a teacher?

5、60; Is the girl very beautiful?  Are Tim and Jack students?  變否定句在 be 動(dòng)詞后面加 not  He is not a teacher.  The girl is not very beautiful.  Tim and Jack are not students.  肯定回答及否定回答  Yes, he is. No, he is not.  Yes, she is. No, she is not.  Yes, they are. No,

6、 they are not.  不含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子  第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞  He likes books.  She likes him.  The dog likes bones.  變疑問(wèn)句在句首加 does, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?#160; Does he like books?  Does she like him?  Does the dog like bones?  變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞之間加 doesn t, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?，原句中的?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱變化。 

7、; He doesn t like books.  She doesn t like him.  The dog doesn t like bones.  肯定回答及否定回答：  Yes, he does. No, he doesn t.  Yes, she does. No, she doesn t  Yes, it does. No, it doesn t.  注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加 S ，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。  其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞  I wan

8、t to have a bath.  We have some meat.  The students like smart teachers.  變疑問(wèn)句在句首加 do  Do you want to have a bath?  Do we have any meat?  Do the students like smart teachers?  變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加 don t.  You don t want to have a bath.  We don t have any meat.&#

9、160; The students don t like smart teachers.  肯定回答及否定回答  Yes, I do. No, I don t.  Yes, we do. No, we don t  Yes, they do. No, they don t.  一般過(guò)去時(shí)  表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如 yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,  含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子， 將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式， am, i

10、s 的過(guò)去式為 was ， are 的過(guò)去式為 were  I was at the butcher s.  You were a student a year ago.  The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.  變疑問(wèn)句將 be 動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首  Were you at the butcher s?  Were you a student a year ago?  Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?  變

11、否定句在 be 動(dòng)詞后面加 not  I was not at the butcher s.  You were not a student a year ago.  The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.  肯定回答否定回答  Yes, I was. No, I was not.  Yes, you were. No, you were not.  Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.  特殊疑問(wèn)句：  Wh

12、at did you do?  ( 必背 )  不含有 be 動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成見附錄  I finished my homework yesterday.  The boy went to a restaurant.  The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.  變疑問(wèn)句在句首加 did ， 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?#160; Did you finish your homework yesterday?  Did the boy go to a restau

13、rant?  Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?  變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加 did not  I did not finish my homework yesterday.  The boy did not go to a restaurant.  The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.  肯定回答及否定回答  Yes, I did. No, I didn t.  Yes, he did.

14、 No, he didn t.  Yes, they did. No, they did not.  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)  構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞 have, has+ 過(guò)去分詞  用法：  2) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和 just, usually, already, since 等時(shí)間副詞連用  I have just had lunch. ( 飽了，不用再吃了 )  He has had a cup of tea.( 不渴了，不用再喝 )  They have already had their h

15、oliday. ( 不能再度假了 )  The boy has already read the book. ( 已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了 )  3) 詢問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：  Have you finished your homework?  Have you been to Beijing?  Have he seen the film?  4) 表示開始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作  I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.  I have worked for this school for 1 year.  8) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò)地方，做過(guò)事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò)事情  I have never had a bath.  I have never seen a film.  I have never been to cinema.  I have ever been to Paris.  Have been to 表示去過(guò)， h