譯林版中考英語復習專題名詞知識點梳理及經(jīng)典練習(超詳細)

1、譯林版中考英語復習專題名詞知識點梳理及經(jīng)典練習（超詳細）一、初中英語名詞1 Hurry up! Someandare on sale in the supermarket.A. tomato; eggB. tomatoes; eggC. tomatoes; eggsD. tomato; eggs【答案】c【解析】【分析】句意：快點！超市里一些西紅柿和雞蛋在銷售。tomato四紅柿：egg雞 蛋：都是可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)some,可知此處要用復數(shù)名詞。故選C?！军c評】此題考查名詞復數(shù)。要注意名詞的復數(shù)形式。2.（咸寧）一Tu You you received the Nobel Prize for h

2、erof anemisinin （青蒿素）And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in scienceA. designB. thoughtC. inventionD. discovery【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：一一屠呦呦因為發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素獲得了諾貝爾獎。一一而且她是第 一位在科學方面獲得諾貝爾獎的中國人。design設(shè)汁：thought想法；invention發(fā)明； discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。因為anemisinin （青蒿素）.是原來就存在的，因此是發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。故選D。【點評】考査名詞辨析，結(jié)合語境選擇合適的詞。3（云南）You a

3、re supposed to be more careful to make fewerwhile you are writingA. troubleB matterC. mistakesD. problems【答案】c【解析】【分析】句意：你寫的時候應該更仔細，少犯錯。A. trouble麻煩，煩惱：B. matter事情，麻煩事；C. mistakes錯誤：D. problems問題，難題e fewer修飾可數(shù)名詞的復 數(shù)形式，A B錯。make mistakes犯錯：make problems制造麻煩。根據(jù)語境,書寫時"犯 錯"，故選C。4（東營） Why do pe

4、ople never cut up theon their birthdays? Because they are a symbol of long life.A. eggsB cakesC noodlesD dumplings【答案】c【解析】【分析】考查劃詞。句意：一為什么人們在生日時從不切斷而條？一因為是長壽 的標志。A. eggs蛋；B. cakes蛋糕；C. noodles而條：D. dumplings餃子©生日，吃長壽 而，人們不剪斷意味著長壽J故選C。5 The problems are difficult to solve Please give meA. many

5、adviceB some adviceC an adviceD some advices【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：這些問題很難解決。請給我一些建議。advice建議，不可數(shù)劃 詞，不能用不定冠詞和many修飾，故選B?！军c評】考查不可數(shù)劃詞advice的用法。注意不可數(shù)名詞的用法。6 The dishes are fantastic! Nothing tastes_ You are such a goodA. nice; cookerB better; cookC. terrible; cook【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：這些菜太好了！沒有什么菜比這些菜更好吃。你真的是一名好廚 師。

6、從語意可矢口暗含比較的意思，根據(jù)The dishes are fantastic!可知此處表示好，good的 比較級better, cook廚師、廚子,名詞。故選B©【點評】此題考查比較級和冬詞用法。7 honest man he is!A. WhatB. What anC. HowD. How an【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：他是一個多么誠實的人！根據(jù)honest man誠實的人，可知需要填 an表一個，因為honest是元音開頭。man是可數(shù)需詞。What修飾名詞，How修飾形容 詞、副詞。What an honest man he is!相當于 How honest the

7、 man is!故選 B?！军c評】考查感嘆句的用法。8. Don't stand too close to North Americans You'd better give them more personalA. timeB. systemC. spaceD pity【答案】c【解析】【分析】time時間，system系統(tǒng)，space空間，pity遺憾、憐憫，根據(jù)前半句 Don't stand too close to North Americans.不要和北美人站得太近?？芍蟀刖湟馑紤獮槟?最好給他們留更多的個人空間.所以應填space空間.故選C。9 How

8、far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?It's about tworide by high-speed train.A. hourB hour'sC hoursD hours'【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：一一從重慶到貴陽有多遠？ 一一坐髙鐵大約兩小時的路程。根據(jù)two只能只能用復數(shù)，排除A和B,而再由需詞ride知道應該用所有格來修飾，排除J 故選Do【點評】考査名詞所有格作立語。10.（重慶）It's hot today. Have some, pleaseNo, thanks. I'm not thirsty a

9、t all.A. waterB potatoesC breadD cakes【答案】A【解析】【分析】考査劃詞辨析。句意：一今天很熱。請喝一些水。一不，謝謝。我一點 都不渴。water 水：potatoes 土豆：bread 而包：cakes 蛋糕。根據(jù)答語中 I'm not thirsty at all可知該選AcI have a bad cold.Sorry to hear that You'd better go to see aat onceA. doctorB cookC. writerD. farmer【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：一一我得了重感冒。一一很遺憾聽到

10、這些，你最好馬上去看醫(yī) 生。從上文可看岀，說話人“得了感冒"，需要去看"醫(yī)生"，固左搭配see a doctor,故答案 選Ao【點評】考査名詞辨析，根據(jù)語境選擇合適意義的詞。12. What do you think of our hotel?Good! I'm especially satisfied with the highof your serviceA. levelB speedC praiseD price【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：一一你覺得我們?yōu)⒌暝趺礃?？一一?我對你們高質(zhì)量的服務特別 滿意。A. level水平，標準：B. spe

11、ed速度；C. praise表揚，贊揚：D. price代價，價 格。結(jié)合句意可知，答案為A?！军c評】此題考查名詞的用法。13 Zhang Lin is a popularin this school and most of her stude nts are her fa ns.A. farmerB. doctorC. workerD. teacher【答案】D【解析】【分析】考査名詞辨析。根據(jù)schoolher students知道是老師，故選D。14. Here are some Do you like?A. oranges： themB.orange： itC oranges： the

12、yD oranges； their【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:這里有一些橙子，你喜歡它們嗎？ orange橙子，可數(shù)劣詞，橙汁, 不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)系動詞是are所以主語是復數(shù)，用oranges,后文提到用代詞復數(shù)代替。 動詞后加代詞賓格，故用them。故選兒15 Where is your bike, Alice?It's over there, betweenA. Eric or DaveB Eric's or DaveC Eric and Dave'sD Eric's and Dave's【答案】D【解析】【解析】句意：一邁克，你的自行車在哪兒?

13、一在那邊，在埃里克和大衛(wèi)的之間。介于.與.之間:between. and.愛麗絲的自行車停放在埃里克的車和大衛(wèi)的車之間，因 此兩個人都用所有格形式。故選Do16. Have you heard of a cool washing machine called Bicycle Washing Machine?Yesz it's a newby a group of Chinese university studentsA. inventionB informationC instructionD introduction【答案】A【解析】【分析】考查劍詞詞義辨析。句意：-你聽說過一種很酷

14、的洗衣機叫自行車洗衣機 嗎?-是的，這是一群中國的大學生們的新發(fā)明e invention發(fā)明，發(fā)明物:information信 息：instruction 指導；introduction 介紹。根據(jù)句意可知，Bicycle Washing Machine 是一項發(fā) 明，故應選A。17 Are all the students fromin your class?-一No, there are only threein our class The others are from other countries.A. Germany; Germe nB. Germany; Germa nsC. G

15、erma n; Germa nsD. German; Germa ny【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意一-你班上所有的學生都來自徳國嗎?-不，我們班只有三個徳國 人j英他人來自別的國家。Germany徳國;Geman徳國人，其復數(shù)形式是Germans,選B18. Can I help you with it?Thank you far your, but I can manage it myself.A. adviceB. questionC. offerD. idea【答案】c【解析】【分析】句意：我能幫助你嗎？-謝謝你的.但是我自己能行。根據(jù)句意可知此 處是謝謝你的幫助，故選C?！军c評】考査

16、名詞辨析。19 My sister was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village in Xinjiang last year.She said she would never forget some pleasantwhile working thereA. experimentsB expressionsC. experiencesD. emotions【答案】c【解析】【分析】考查名詞詞義辨析。experiment意為"實驗"：expression意為"表述"； experience意為&q

17、uot;經(jīng)歷”；emotion意為"情感"。答語句意：她說她將永遠忘不了在那兒工作 時的一些愉快的經(jīng)歷。故答案為C20 There'll be ameeting next week, and my parents willcome for it.A. parent1; allB parents1; bothC pare nt"s; allD pare nt's; both【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：下周要開家長會，我的父母都將來開會。parents' meeting家長 會，固立搭配：both兩者都，all三者或者三者以上都。my pa

18、rents,我的父母，兩個人， 因此用both,故選B。【點評】此題考査名詞所有格和不迫代詞。注意復數(shù)名詞的所有格形式和both,all的區(qū) 別。21 An is a scientific test that is done to study what happens and to get newknowledge A. experimentB experienceC advantage【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：實驗是一種科學測試，用來研究發(fā)生的事情和獲得新的知識。A 實驗：B經(jīng)歷：C優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)題干中的a scientific test,可知這是實驗，故選A?！军c評】考査名詞辨析。熟知每

19、個選項的基本含義，根據(jù)語境確左最佳選項。22 It is Sunday today. It is _ lovely weather _ we want to spend the day on the beachA. such a; thatB. such;thatC such; asD. so; that【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：今天是星期天。多么美好的天氣啊，以致于我們今天都想去海 灘。weather為不可數(shù)名詞，such+adj+不可數(shù)需詞+that,如此.以至于，固左結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B【點評】such修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，不左冠詞a/an通常放在such之后緊挨著：而so則不 同，不泄冠詞

20、位置不同。其結(jié)構(gòu)分別為：such a/ an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；so +形容詞 +a/an+單數(shù)名詞。such除了修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞外，還可以修飾復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，so 是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞。如果復數(shù)名詞前有few, many等形容詞：不可數(shù)名詞前有 little I much等形容詞，就必須用so,而不能用such23 After walking, I feel very thirsty now.Let's go and buy someto drink.A. breadB noodlesC. orangeD. teas【答案】c【解析】【分析】句意：一一散步后，我現(xiàn)在感

21、到很渴。一一讓我們?nèi)ベI一些桔汁來喝。A.bread而包，B.noodles而條，C.orange桔汁，D.teas茶。根據(jù)句子出現(xiàn)了 drink,可知空 缺的意義為飲料，填入orange,故選C?！军c評】考査名詞辨析，注意orange的用法。24 Those are myclothesA. childrerVB. children'sC parentsD parents【答案】B【解析】【分析】這題考查名詞所有格的用法，需詞所有格一般是在需詞后而加's,如果 名詞是以S結(jié)尾，一般加仁所以只能選叭25 （江西）Some old people need abecause they

22、feel Ionely.A. giftB. stickC. petD. watch【答案】c【解析】【分析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因為一些老人感覺孤單，所以需要有寵物陪 伴。A. gift禮物：B. stick棍子；C. pet寵物；D. watch手表。根據(jù)常識可知，這里指老人需 要的是寵物。故選C。26 The newspaper said, "LiNa is on Time cover".exciting news it is!D. How aA. WhatB. HowC. What a【答案】A【解析】【分析】感嘆句主要有what和how構(gòu)成：1、what修飾需詞

23、或紅詞短語，有以下兩種形式：1. What+a （an） + （形容詞）+單數(shù)可數(shù) 名詞+主語+謂語！或是：What+名詞詞組+主語+謂語！ 2. What+ （形容詞）+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) 或不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！2、How引導的感嘆句。how用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：How+形容詞（副 詞）+主語+謂語！根據(jù)卜-文exciting news it is, news是不可數(shù)名詞，可知選A?！军c評】當how修飾動詞時，動詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語之前。what與how引導的感嘆 句，一般情況下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)換后意義不變。在口語中，感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省 略。27. （鄂州）The di

24、shes in this restaurant must be very expensive. Don't worry. You can enjoy yourself. It's my.A. timeB. treatC. taskD. taste【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：一一餐館里的菜一泄非常貴。一一別擔心，你可以隨便吃，我請 客» It's my treat.我請客。故選B?！军c評】考査名詞辨析。28. （廣西百色）I feel a bit tired for I saw a twofilm last night.A. hourB. hoursC. h

25、our'sD. hours'【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：因為昨天晚上我看了一部兩小時的電影，所以我感到有點兒疲 倦。"兩小時"：two hours （表示不止一個，名詞用復數(shù)），"兩小時的"：two hours* （以s 結(jié)尾的名詞的所有格，在s后加，）。故選D。29. How manydoctors are there in your hospital, David?themover one hundred.A. woman, The number of, isB. women, A number of, areC. woman,

26、A number of, isD. women, The number of, is【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：一一戴維，在你們醫(yī)院有多少女醫(yī)生？一一有100多名?？找?， 根據(jù)be動詞are,可知是可數(shù)需詞復數(shù)，woman的復數(shù)形式為women：空二，根據(jù)over one hundred,可知此處表示數(shù)量,固定搭配the number of. .的數(shù)量,空三，主語是the number of.,謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)is。故選D。【點評】考査不規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)和短語辨析。注意掌握常見的不規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的 變形，注意the number of， 的數(shù)量，a number of.,大量的 30

27、. （哈爾濱）Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as_ to keep healthyA. tomatoes and potatoes B. tomatos and potatos C tomatos and potatoes【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：對我們青少年來說健康是很重要的，所以為了保持健康我們應該 多吃一些蔬菜,例如西紅柿和土豆。tomato西紅柿,它的復數(shù)形式為tomatoes： potato E 豆，它的復數(shù)形式為potatoeso所以選A。31. （恩施）

28、Henry, have you seen the English book on thedesk? If you see it,please take it to theoffice-OK.（）A. teachers'： teachers'B teacher's； teachers'C teacher's： teacher's【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：一一亨利，你看過老師的桌子上的英語書嗎？如果你看見過，請 把它帶到教師的辦公室.一一好的.這里是名詞所有格，一般是在名詞后而加上"s",表示 ”某某人的稱為所屬關(guān)系.第一空

29、你看過老師的桌子上的英語書嗎？ %所以應該是 teacher's.以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞,只能在詞尾加I教師辦公室teaches是以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù) 名詞，所以在詞尾加二故答案為B。【點評】考査名詞所有格。掌握冬詞所有格的基本用法。32（湖南婁底）一Would you like somefor dinner? OK.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoes【答案】c【解析】【分析】句意:一晚飯你想吃些西紅柿嗎?一好的。some修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)劃 詞復數(shù)。tomato是可數(shù)劃詞，變復數(shù)直接加es,即tomatoeso結(jié)合句意及選項，故選C。33. （昆明）Emily got the first place in the Spelling Bee. We all admire her spelling ability.A. a competition to spell wordsB a competition to give speechesC. a competition to tell storiesD. a competition to sing songs【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：艾米莉在拼寫大賽中得了第一。我們都欽佩她的拼寫能力。A. a competition to spell words 拼寫單