專八改錯(cuò)技巧總結(jié)

1、英語(yǔ)專八改錯(cuò)解題思路1. 宏觀層面分析（ 1）句子結(jié)構(gòu)（理順整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，必要時(shí)檢索上下文）（ 2）邏輯關(guān)系（關(guān)聯(lián)詞選擇：并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、假設(shè)、讓步等）（3）時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（完成時(shí)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣是考查重點(diǎn)）2. 微觀層面分析（ 1）缺漏（介詞、代詞、引導(dǎo)詞）（ 2）冗余（兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)、同義重復(fù)）（ 3）誤用（詞性、分詞、正反義、主被動(dòng)、形容詞和副詞級(jí)別）（4）一致性（名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、主謂一致、先行詞）（5）詞義與固定搭配3. 注意事項(xiàng)（ 1）即使按照語(yǔ)感很快找到了疑似錯(cuò)誤， 也要堅(jiān)持讀完全句再做判斷， 可能會(huì)有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。過(guò)于相信第一感覺(jué)而帶來(lái)的失分是劃不來(lái)的。（ 2）分兩次改比較合理，因?yàn)楫吘怪挥猩?/p>

2、數(shù)人能夠在第一遍看材料的時(shí)候就找出所有的錯(cuò)誤，盡管這些錯(cuò)誤不見(jiàn)得隱藏得多深。（3）?？碱}型，高度警惕。冠詞： the 變 a, a 變 the，補(bǔ) the 補(bǔ) a，刪 a 刪 the ，每年都玩的把戲。單復(fù)數(shù)：無(wú)非是his 變 their 之類的，關(guān)鍵是細(xì)心。近義詞：例如distinct 和 distinctive ，move 和 movement ， interest 和 interests反義詞：尤其看到dis, un, im ，in， non 之類的，更要琢磨一下。關(guān)聯(lián)詞：幾乎是保留節(jié)目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

3、詞：見(jiàn)了ing 想 ed，見(jiàn)了 ed 想 ing, 就是這么賤。形容詞比較級(jí)：多半是把原形改為比較級(jí)?？嫉念l率也蠻高的。虛擬語(yǔ)氣：注意一下還是比較容易看出來(lái)的，多長(zhǎng)個(gè)心眼兒吧。It ：有時(shí)要加，有時(shí)要?jiǎng)h，有時(shí)要變itself，總之多盯“它”幾眼。動(dòng)詞詞組：其實(shí)主要是介詞的問(wèn)題，這個(gè)沒(méi)辦法臨時(shí)抱佛腳，要靠積累.改錯(cuò)：1、改錯(cuò)雖然為主觀題，但錯(cuò)誤類型相對(duì)集中，可分為以下幾種情況：定冠詞： a, an, the 誤用，甚至多出來(lái)；解決辦法：分析定冠詞的主語(yǔ)及上下文有無(wú)指代；級(jí)：分兩類錯(cuò)誤，第一種是原級(jí)用成比較級(jí)，比較級(jí)用成最高級(jí)，反之亦然。有一種除外，是兩者比較誰(shuí)最好，可以用最高級(jí)；第二種是意思相反

4、，如most 改為 least；連詞錯(cuò)誤： 也分兩種，第一種為連詞誤用， 應(yīng)該表示轉(zhuǎn)折的用成了并列， 比如 while 改為 and；第二種為近義詞。 在不同語(yǔ)境中用 However, Nonetheless, 比用 but 更合適，更合乎語(yǔ)法；（與邏輯關(guān)系也有關(guān)，看上下文，聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境）詞性錯(cuò)誤：多出現(xiàn)為形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦痹~，反之亦然；也有可能是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所說(shuō)；形容詞改為動(dòng)詞或名詞等，多出現(xiàn)在一詞多性的情況下；形容詞限定錯(cuò)誤：出現(xiàn)在adj.+adj.+n. 要知道第1 個(gè) adj.是限定第 2 個(gè) adj.還是限定n.；若是限定第 2 個(gè) adj.，大多改為副詞adv.；

5、搭配錯(cuò)誤：多為介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤，如in some extent 改為 to，rely in 改為 on 等；也有搭配詞沒(méi)有給出，需要自己添加，比如define.as；詞義錯(cuò)誤：比如：rather than 改為 other than ；（此項(xiàng)比較難）近義形容詞錯(cuò)誤：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected ；（此項(xiàng)比較難）缺失：例如the fact后面直接接了句子，中間缺少that ，表明同位關(guān)系；多余：有的地方莫名其妙多出一個(gè)詞，多為介詞，是沒(méi)有用的；詞義相反：多出現(xiàn)在形容詞，需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-,

6、 ir-, un- 等否定前綴；主動(dòng)被動(dòng)：分析主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，多出現(xiàn)在分句中；三單： 主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是否為不可數(shù)名詞，是的話如何判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，還是有特殊用法；時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)用為過(guò)去式，或者進(jìn)行時(shí)用成了現(xiàn)在時(shí)等；定語(yǔ)從句用錯(cuò)先行詞：which 用成了 that ；難點(diǎn)兒的比如：for which 用成了 which ，要知道for which=why, in / at which=where；還有什么情況下必須用that ，比如人和物搭配，序數(shù)詞，the one, the only, 不缺任何成分，有否定詞，有all 等；以下八大高頻考點(diǎn)的分類

7、出自華研 專八人文知識(shí)與改錯(cuò)，現(xiàn)將八大類錯(cuò)誤整理如下，主要包括： 1.短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤； 2.易混詞錯(cuò)誤； 3.邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤； 4.代詞錯(cuò)誤（一致錯(cuò)誤）； 5.冠詞錯(cuò)誤； 6.形容詞和副詞使用錯(cuò)誤； 7.成分殘缺或冗余；8.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。 筆者認(rèn)為這八類錯(cuò)誤基本涵蓋了改錯(cuò)考試中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，首先了解錯(cuò)誤類型， 對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì)改錯(cuò)具有重要意義。 另外，筆者在總結(jié)華研 專八人文知識(shí)與改錯(cuò)和星火 專八改錯(cuò)滿分突破 60 篇兩本練習(xí)冊(cè)中近 100 篇改錯(cuò)題的基礎(chǔ)上，搜集其中出現(xiàn)的所有典型錯(cuò)誤例子（語(yǔ)法詞匯類錯(cuò)誤居多），并根據(jù)所屬錯(cuò)誤類型整理如下。（注意：帶 的表示前邊的是錯(cuò)誤的，后邊的是改正之后的；其他的沒(méi)有

8、正確錯(cuò)誤之分）1.短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤（大部分為介詞錯(cuò)誤）carry/get with things carry/get on with thingsto let alone let alonein return to in return forthe need of the need forsubstitute A with B substitute A for Baccount 70%- account for 70%under the grounds of/that on the grounds of/thatattitude on life attitude towards/to lifein

9、 a quick speed at a quick speedwith many respects in many respectsat the face of in the face(s) ofconsiderations to considerations forbecome victims of- becomevictims toride in a train ride on a trainthe problems with the government the problems for the governmentresistive against resistive toresist

10、ance of resistance toembark sth embark on sthwith the belief that in the belief thatat advance of sth in advance of sthinterpret to interpret asin line to in line withto varing degrees in varing degreestake pride of take pride inleap out to me leap out at meinject them lethal strains inject them wit

11、h lethal strainscharge himwiththe same price charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B imbalance between A and Bshortage of protein with them shartage of protein among themfortify sb for sth fortify sb against sth ( 加強(qiáng) 以抵御 )shed light to sth shed light on sthin proportion with in proportion topa

12、y for it with dollars pay for it in dollarsbe in liberty to be at liberty tobegin at doing begin with doingbe contrasted to be contrasted withcommit an offence to commit an offence againstmodern time modern timesability of (doing) sth ability in (doing) sthdefend sth against defend sth fromat the fi

13、rst place in the first placepay money in doing pay money for doingtake to do take to doing ( 求助于，“開始 ”， to 為介詞 )yearn to yearn forat average on averageidentify oneself to identify oneself withbe successful on doing be successful at/in doingget one s teeth on get one埋s頭teeth做，into(認(rèn)真做 )the action of

14、formation the action of forming (of后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞而非名詞 )approach to do approach to doing one contributorof one contributor toconsumers demand of luxury goods consumers demand for luxury goodson one s 30s in onebalks30sto balk at (回避，繞過(guò) )differ A from B distinguish A from Bsuit to sb/sth suit for sb/sthvary b

15、y vary withemphasis of emphasis on2.易混詞錯(cuò)誤(1)形近異義詞imaginative imaginaryadapt adoptconfirm conformformer formaldiary dairypersonal personnelbeside besidesprincipal principleintelligent intelligibleconscious conscientiousstationary stationeryconsiderate considerableaffect( 影響 ) effect( 致使、達(dá)成 )contact c

16、ontractmoral moraleindustrious industrialdesert dessertrequire acquire inquirepresence presentationsensible sensitivetransformation transmissionvalue evaluatetense tensionanything somethingcooker cookcomplexity( 復(fù)雜性 ) complex(合成體 )insurance assuranceprovide( 提供 ) provided/providing( 假設(shè)，如果 )perceive

17、conceiveeffective( 有效的 ) affective( 受 影響的，由 引起的 )(2)形近 (形異 )近義詞latter laterlate( 遲的，已故的 ) latest( 最晚的，最新的 )farther( 距離更遠(yuǎn) ) further( 程度更進(jìn)一步 )healthy( 健康的 ) healthful( 有益健康的 )effective efficientcontinual( 連續(xù)的 ) continuous( 持續(xù)不斷的 )respectable respectfulhistoric historicalrise arise raise arousesure ins

18、ure ensure assurein return to in response tooppositeoppositionproducing productivelonely aloneacross crossimpressed - impressivepermit(n. 通行證 ) permissionrelating relatedmemorizing memorablenormal(n. 常態(tài) ,通常標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ,一般水平 ) norm( 規(guī)范 ,行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn) )favorite favorableacceptability acceptanceeconomical economicfew li

19、ttlea few fewlittlea littleinventdiscoverbefore agoanother otheragent(代理人 ) agency(代理機(jī)構(gòu) )reward( 回饋 ) award( 獎(jiǎng)賞 )special specific(3)兼有兩種形式的副詞firstly first (firstly 用于列舉條目或者表示順序，first 表示時(shí)間上 “第一次、首次 ”)hardly( 幾乎不 ) hard( 努力地 )sure surelylate latelyclear(完全地、徑直地 ) clearly(顯然、清楚地 )high( 高度高地 ) highly( 程

20、度高地、非常 )close(接近地、緊密地 ) closely(緊密地、嚴(yán)密地 )most( 最 ) most( 大部分 )(4)反義詞with withoutpossible impossiblesubjective objectiveimport exportbetter worseemployee employeremployment unemploymentmodifiable unmodifiablenatural unnaturaldiscernable indiscernablelent borrowedexclusive inclusiveindependency depend

21、encywilling unwillingnothing more than nothing less thanagree disagreerarely frequently / oftenspecific generalless more (still more still less)most leastknown unknownrespective irrespective (irrespective of表示 “不管 ”)majorityminorityresult in result fromfortunatelyunfortunatelypowerfulpowerlesseasine

22、ss uneasinessprofessional amateuraware unawareinclude exclude(5) 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)異義moral morals( 作名詞時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示 “道德、倫理 ”)collection( 不可數(shù)名詞表示 “各種因素集合體 ” ) collections(可數(shù)名詞表示 “收藏品 ”)manner( 方法 ,方式 ) manners(禮儀 ,禮節(jié) )saving savings(復(fù)數(shù)表示 “存款 ”)specie(硬幣 ) species(種類 )（species 只有單數(shù)）mean(n. 平均值 ) means(方法 )(6) 易混短語(yǔ)live

23、 with( 同一起生活 ,忍受 ) live by(靠 過(guò)活 )go about (doing) sth( 開始做某事 ,四處走動(dòng) ,流傳 ,經(jīng)常從事于 ) go around( 四處走動(dòng) ,繞道走 )tend to intend toin next week( 以當(dāng)下時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)) in the next week( 以過(guò)去的時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn))spend in doing sth spend on sthdie of( 內(nèi)部 ) die from( 外部 )rather than other thanhave sb do sth have sth donetake on( 從事，開始對(duì)付，呈現(xiàn)

24、) go on(繼續(xù) )take place take the place ofconsist in(在于 ) consist of( 包括 )in all(總共 ) after all( 畢竟 )in return( 作為報(bào)答 ) in turn( 反過(guò)來(lái)，輪流 )one reason for + 短語(yǔ)one reason why + 句子bring out( 使顯露，使顯現(xiàn)) bring up( 教育，培養(yǎng)，提出，(船 )抵達(dá)目的地 )be worth doing be worthwhile to doreact to( 對(duì)作出反應(yīng) ) react with( 以作出反應(yīng) )apply t

25、o(將 應(yīng)用于 ) apply for( 請(qǐng)求，申請(qǐng) )3.邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤（連詞使用錯(cuò)誤）therefore nevertheless/however (大部分 therefore都要改為 however, 反之亦然 )and but / whileor andbut becausemoreover howeverafter beforesince althoughthere is nothere is alsothat iffrom now on from then onall nonebesides yetif unlessbesides excepttherefore becauseso

26、becauseso does he neither/nor does hethat s why結(jié)+果 that s because原+因as if even ifwhether if4.代詞錯(cuò)誤（一致錯(cuò)誤）their itsthat those (需要特別注意 )which that ( 有些情況下關(guān)系代詞只能用that)which whatit itself ( 主賓相同，賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞)that/thisit ( 只有 it 可作形式主語(yǔ))his one s泛(指時(shí)用one)you yourselfit theythis suchXX is less sophisticated than

27、what they are todayXX is less sophisticated than they are today5.冠詞錯(cuò)誤(1)定冠詞多余on the either side on either sidein the Europe inEuropein the winter inwinter ( 季節(jié)前不加定冠詞)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book Kaufman, author of a recent book( 同位語(yǔ)間完全對(duì)等關(guān)系，不必使用冠詞 )take the issue take issue(對(duì) 持異議，不同意)(2)定冠

28、詞缺漏among most among the mostone of first one of the firstatmosphere the atmosphere( 表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物 )（另外還有如： the Equator, the Outerspace）between us and rest between us and the restin minority in the minorityaround floor around the floorpiano the piano ( 西洋樂(lè)器的前面要有定冠詞)English language the English languageat

29、 heart of at the heart ofworld the world( 表示 “地球 ”這種獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物要加定冠詞)in long run in the long run(3)定冠詞與不定冠詞之間的誤用illustrate the further difference illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及 )注意以下短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別in church in the churchat college at the collegein court in the courtin hospital in the hospitalin o

30、ffice in the officein prison in the prisonat sea at the seain school in the schoolat table at the table6.形容詞與副詞使用錯(cuò)誤have been currently currentbe well equipped as be as well equipped asheavy industrialized heavily-industrializedspread colossal spread colossallysimilar strong similarly strongkeep the

31、number constantly at X a year keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted feel hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion comparatively high proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth start deep in the earthin the passed 5 years in the past 5 yearsculture embedded attitudes cultural

32、ly embedded attitudesas much as as often asfrom one meter afar from one meter awayincreasing increasinglysimple simplypure purelymuch manymany morelarge largerearly earlier7.成分殘缺或多余 (單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤 )a world which I could get a worldin which I could getshows that shows ( 先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略)take for granted that take it for grated that1980 1980sone of the most glaring form one of the mist glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest their jobs eng