非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案+答案

1、.語法復(fù)習(xí)專題七 非謂語動(dòng)詞一、 非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類非不定式 (to do)as n.動(dòng)名詞v-ing謂as adj. or adv. 現(xiàn)在分詞語v-ed過去分詞二、 非謂語動(dòng)詞的語法功能及時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)1、句法功能種類在句中的作用不定式 to do主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語動(dòng)名詞 doing主語賓語表語定語分現(xiàn)在分詞 doing表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語詞過去分詞 done2、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)概念主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式類別形式一般式謂語動(dòng)作之后to doto be done完成式謂語動(dòng)作之前to have doneto have been doneto do進(jìn)行式與謂語動(dòng)作to be doing×同時(shí)發(fā)

2、生一般式與謂語動(dòng)作doingbeing donedoing幾乎同時(shí)完成式謂語動(dòng)作之前having donehaving been donedone發(fā)生了、完成了done三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞） , 又沒有連詞的情況下 , 還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語動(dòng)詞。;.Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非謂語動(dòng)詞（含短語）。1. Tom returned from the manager s office, tellingthatmethe boss wanted to see me at once.2. The news meeting, to be

3、 held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗爭(zhēng)。 )四、非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法 非謂語三種基本形式表達(dá)的意義? Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主動(dòng) ,進(jìn)行? Please keep q

4、uiet in the reading room.性質(zhì)? Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被動(dòng) ,完成? We see fallen leaves on the ground.完成? Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.狀態(tài)? We are invited to a party to be held next Friday.將來? We plant many trees to make our city green.目的表達(dá)意義：動(dòng)

5、詞 -ing ：主動(dòng) , 進(jìn)行 , 性質(zhì)；動(dòng)詞 -ed ：被動(dòng) , 完成 , 狀態(tài)；to do：將來 , 目的。1、 v-ing 作非謂語動(dòng)詞（ 1）作主語Eg:Seeing is believing.Sending e-mail is increasingly popular.Ex. 2: 請(qǐng)用 v-ing 作主語，把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）說太多會(huì)給你帶來麻煩。_2) 散步對(duì)老年人和年輕人來說都是一種好的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式。_（ 2）作賓語Eg: I couldn t cryinghelp when I heard the bad news. mind, suggest, delay, keep o

6、n, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice,finish, succeed in, consider, can等t動(dòng)help,詞用missv-ing 作賓語。在表示 “需要 ”的 need, want和 require 等后用 v-ing 形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 , 也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。Eg: This car needs repairing.Or: This car needs to be repaired.Ex. 3: 請(qǐng)把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）你介意獨(dú)處嗎？ _;.2）他沒有馬上把消息告訴她。_3）這種食物要煮

7、過才能吃。_（ 3）作表語Eg: The story is so moving.The book is very interesting.Ex. 4: 請(qǐng)把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）這個(gè)問題真的很令人困惑。_2）他的話很讓人失望。_（ 4）作定語Eg:China is a developing country.The kite flying in the sky was made by him. 位置： 1）單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式做定語，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語。如： a flying object2）動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式的短語做定語，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如:an object

8、 flying in the air 如果 -ing 形式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用它的被動(dòng)式，即being done, 通常表示正在被做，常做后置定語。如： the tall building being built now正在被建的高樓Ex. 5: 請(qǐng)用 v-ing 作定語，把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）這片正被破壞的森林曾經(jīng)是很迷人的。_2) 在一中學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生數(shù)量大約為 8000 人。_3) 這是一部讓人感動(dòng)的電影。_（ 5）v-ing 作狀語1） v-ing 短語在句子中作狀語，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式或伴隨動(dòng)作等。 表時(shí)間Eg: Turning around, she saw

9、 a police car driving up.Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.(When) hearing the news, he couldn t help laughing. 表原因Eg: Being poor, he couldn t go to school.Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn t get in touch with him.;. 表方

10、式或伴隨Eg: She stood, waiting for a bus.He sat there, reading a book.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 表結(jié)果Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street. 表?xiàng)l件Eg: Using

11、your head, you ll find a good way.Working hard, you ll surely succeed.2）當(dāng) v-ing 形式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前時(shí)， 應(yīng)使用完成式： having done Eg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.Ex. 6: 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) _ (not know) much French, they couldn maket themselves understood when they were in Paris

12、.2) _ (finish) all work, they went home.3) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _ (say) nothing about the argument.4) _ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.5) _ (look) at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.6) It rained heavily in the south, _ (ca

13、use) serious flooding in several provinces.（ 6）v-ing 作賓補(bǔ) have, leave, keep, see, watch, hear, find, notice, feel, catch等動(dòng)詞及 with 介詞后可用v-ing 形式作賓補(bǔ)。Eg: Can you hear a girl singing an English song in the next room now?With his mother helping him, he is getting on well with his work.2、 v-ed 作非謂語動(dòng)詞(1) 作表

14、語Eg: We were so boredthat we couldn t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.Ex. 7: 用括號(hào)內(nèi)的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) I m_ (satisfy) with your answer.2) He is not_ (interest) in research.(2) 作定語Eg: She has a pleased look on her face.The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.cooked food 熟食；成品a written report

15、 書面報(bào)告；報(bào)告書fried eggs 煎雞蛋；炒蛋boiled water開水；白開水frozen food 速凍食品armed forces武裝部隊(duì)；武裝力量;.required courses 必修課fallen leaves落葉finished products成品a forced smile苦笑Ex. 8: 用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) What sthe language_ (speak) in that country?2) They problemsre_ (leave) over by history.3) The play_ (put on) by the teacher

16、s was a big success.4) Is there anybody_ (injury)?(3) 作狀語Eg:Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.They came in, followed by some children.Ex. 9: 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) _ (give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year.2) _ (depress), he went to see his elder sister.3) When _(treat) with

17、kindness, he was very amiable.(4) 作賓補(bǔ)1） 在感官動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)常用的感官動(dòng)詞包括： see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find等。Eg: I can smell something burnt.2）在使役動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)常用的使役動(dòng)詞有： have, get, make, leave等。Eg: She had her eyes examined yesterday.3） 在 with/ without 結(jié)構(gòu)中Eg： With so much work unfinished, I can t leave no

18、w.4）在某些動(dòng)詞之后，相當(dāng)于省略了to be。常見的動(dòng)詞有： want, would like, prefer 等。Eg: The manager wanted the work (to be) finished by 3:00Ex. 10: 用括號(hào)里單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) I will have the clothes _ (wash) tomorrow.2) When they get back home, they found the room _ (rob).3) He would like the water _ (boil) before drinking.4) I saw a

19、 boy _ (knock) down by a car just now.5) He shouted to make himself _ (hear).6) Without enough money _ (leave), he cantgo on with his experiment.3、 to do 作非謂語動(dòng)詞(1) 不定式作補(bǔ)語動(dòng)詞 +賓語 +不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldriveenableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/ loveorderpermit;

20、.makelethavewantgetwarnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurgeEg: Father will not allow us to play on the street.The officer ordered his men to fire.注意：有些動(dòng)詞如 make，have，get，want 等可用不定式作做賓補(bǔ)，也可用分詞作賓補(bǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。(2) 不定式作主語不定式作主語，往往用it 作形式主語，真正的主語不定式放至句子的后面。Eg: It's so nice to hear your voice

21、.It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. It's for sb.和 It's of sb.這樣的句子中，由于表語形容詞性質(zhì)的不同，導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語標(biāo)志用for或 of 的區(qū)別。1） for sb. 句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。Eg: It's

22、 very hard for him to study two languages.2） of sb 句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力、主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Eg: It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。(3) 不定式作表語不定式可放在 be 動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。Eg: My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.(4) 不定式作定語不定式做定

23、語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Eg: I have a lot of work to do.There was nothing to bring home that morning.(5) 不定式作狀語1）目的狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)為 to do , only to do ( 僅僅為了 ), in order to do, so as to do, so (such) as to (如此 以便 )。Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2）作結(jié)果狀語，可以

24、表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。Eg: I awoke to find my truck gone.He searched the room only to find nothing.3）表原因Eg: I'm glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.;.4）表示理由和條件Eg: He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully.(6) 省去 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式1） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除ought 外）后。2） 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have,

25、 make 后，感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。 注意：被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不能省去to。I saw him dance.= He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.= They were made to work the whole night.3） would rather, had better句型后4） Why dont you . /Why not .句型后Why not try on

26、ce more? 何不再試一下 ?5） help 后可帶 to，也可不帶 to,如： help sb (to) do sth.6） but 和 except 后。 but 前是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do 時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶to。比較： He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.7） 由 and, or 和 than 連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去。8） 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，可以省去 to be

27、。 Eg: He is supposed (to be) nice.(7) 不定式的特殊句型 too to too to 太 以至于Eg: He is too excited to speak.(8) 不定式的特殊句型 so as to否定式是 so as not to doEg: Get up early so as to catch the bus.Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.五、 v-ing 和 v-ed 的區(qū)別從時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個(gè)角度去區(qū)分時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)v-ing進(jìn)行時(shí)主動(dòng)v-ed過去被動(dòng)1、作定語a d

28、eveloped country / a developing countrya student playing with knifepeople fighting against wars;.小結(jié)：一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞。.a soldier wounded by knifea road covered with snow v-ing 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。v-ed 表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的或者被動(dòng)關(guān)系。2、作狀語Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.Hearing the good news, we all jum

29、ped up with joy.Seen from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.Given more time, we could finish the job. v-ing 用作狀語時(shí) , 和主句的主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。v-ed 用作狀語時(shí) , 和主句的主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。3、作賓補(bǔ)They kept me waiting for a long time.He watched the cars coming and going.Mr. Li has Jim standing outside the door.I had my MP3 repai

30、red last week.We heard this song sung in English.No matter how I try, I just can t make myselfunderstood by the foreigner. v-ing 用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) , 和句子中的賓語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，說明賓語一直在做或正在做某事。v-ed 用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) , 和句子中的賓語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，說明賓語的情況。六、非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)題步驟（三大步驟）1. 判斷用謂語 /非謂語謂語：一般形式(根據(jù)一般的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)變化)非謂語： doing/ done/ to do2. 找出邏輯主語3. 選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 (

31、表達(dá)意義 )：v-ing, v-ed, to do Step 1是否使用非謂語Ex. 11: 先判斷一下句子是否有非謂語動(dòng)詞，再用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1） _ ( study) hard, you will pass the final exam.2) She got off the bus and _ (head) for home.3) I think I _ (be) not strict enough with you.4) Look! The girl _ (sing) is Alice and the one who_ (dance) is Mary., 沒有從句，又沒有連詞

32、的情況，那就要非Ex. 12：用 turn 的正確形式填空。1） If you _ to the left, you'll find the post office.2） _ to the left, and you'll find the post office.3) _ to the left, you'll find the post office.;. Step 2 找邏輯主語Ex. 13: 觀察以下句子，然后填空。1) He sat at the desk, writing a letter.2) Taken good care of, the trees w

33、ill grow up quickly.3) He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.以上的非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质莀，它們的邏輯主語是_。4) The school built 10 years ago is Xiyi Middle school .5) Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.6) I m calling to ask about the positionadvertised in China Daily.以上的非謂語動(dòng)詞

34、在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质莀，它們的邏輯主語是_。7) I found them painting the windows.8) I found the windows painted.9) With his friend helping him ，he finished his work quickly.以上的非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质莀，它們的邏輯主語是_。 Step 3 選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式Ex. 14：用適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語動(dòng)詞形式填空。1） They went to Shanghai, with their son _ (leave) to his grandparents.2） They a

35、re busy, _ (prepare) files wanted in the interview.七、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Absolute Structure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，它的位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號(hào)將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能和用法（1）名詞 /代詞 +現(xiàn)在分詞Eg: Winter coming, it gets colder and colde

36、r.The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.（2）名詞 /代詞 +過去分詞Eg: This done, we went home.Homework finished, the boy went out to play.（3）名詞 /代詞 +不定式Eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home,

37、 the other to go to his friend .s;.（4）名詞 /代詞 +形容詞Eg: An air accident happened to the lane, nobody alive.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.（5）名詞 (代詞 )+副詞Eg: The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.The lights off, we could not go on with the work.（6）名詞 /代詞 +介詞

38、短語Eg: Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 小結(jié)： 1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）兩部分之間沒有連接詞連接。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開。Ex. 15: 選擇合適的選項(xiàng)。（1）Not far fromthe school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playingchess with his little grandson every afternoon.A. itsB. whoseC. whichD. that（2）He

39、 wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that（3）He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that非謂語動(dòng)詞綜合練習(xí)一、語篇練習(xí)My sister, Paula, and her husband, Chris, had just finished 1_ (tuck) theiryoung ones

40、 into bed one evening when they heard crying 2 _ (come) from thechildren s room. 3(rush) in, they found Tommy 4 _ (cry) hysterically ( 歇斯底里地 ).He had accidentally swallowed a 5p piece and was sure he was going to die. Noamount of 5 _ (talk) could change his mind. Trying to calm him, Chris palmed a 5

41、pcoin that he happened to have in his pocket and pretended 6 _ (remove) it fromTommy s ear. Tommy, naturally, was 7 _ (delight). In a flash, he snatched it fromhis father s hand, 8 _ it and demanded cheerfully“ Do it again, Dad!”二、寫作運(yùn)用把普通的句子變成高級(jí)的非謂語。1 He is standing there and he is singing.He is sta

42、nding there, _.2 Mary finished her homework and then she went out to play._, Mary went out to play.3 The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom, _.4 I m afraid of being laughedat.I usually keep silent when I meet foreigners.;.（請(qǐng)用非謂

43、語動(dòng)詞的形式，把以上兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子）_三、請(qǐng)用以下動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. The sun was setting when my car _ (break) down near a remote and poor village.（2007 年廣東）2. While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers a

44、way where there was a garage.（2007 年廣東）3. She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. （2009 年廣東）4. He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful. （2010 年廣東）5. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man_ (sit) at the front. （ 2

45、011 年廣東）6. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses（.2012 年廣東）7. Suddenly, he _ (find) that he had run out of salt. (2013年廣東 )8. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always _ (think) that it was only small and

46、 not very important. （2013 年廣東）9. _ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.10. I really appreciate _ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.11. _ (knock) at the door before entering, please.12. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his teache

47、r that he was wrong.13. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set up) some schools for poor children.14. _ (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.15. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many s

48、tate run companies are striving _ (make) their products more competitive.16. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ (wait) for another hour.17. When _ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.18. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newlyelected president ishavi