高中英語：句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)-學(xué)案

1、.句子成分主語（ subject ） : 句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名詞）He likes dancing.（代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( 數(shù)詞 )Seeing is believing.（動(dòng)名詞）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It 形式主語，主語從句）謂語（ predic

2、ate ）: 說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English.He is asleep.表語（ predicative ） : 系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher.（名詞）Seventy-fou r! You don t look （it.代詞）Five and five is ten.（數(shù)詞）He is asleep.（形容詞）His father is in.（副詞）The picture is on the wall.( 介詞短語 )My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容詞化的分詞）To wear

3、 a flower is to say“canI m poor,tbuy aI ring（.不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表語從句）（常見系詞 : be, sound（聽）, look（看）, feel( 摸 )，smell（聞）, taste（吃） ,remain （保持，仍是）,feel（感覺）.It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food

4、tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.賓語： 1）動(dòng)作的承受者- 動(dòng)賓I like China.（名詞）He hates you. （代詞）;.How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.（動(dòng)名詞）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said?（賓語從句）2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞- 介賓Are

5、you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 雙賓語 - 間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We elected him monitor.（名詞）We all think it a pity that she didn（名t）come here.We will make them happy.（形容詞）We found nobody in.( 副詞)Please make

6、 yourself at home. 介詞短語）Don t let him do that. （省 to 不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（帶 to 不定式）Don t keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞）I ll have my bike repaired.（過去分詞）主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy

7、a lesson. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. （名詞）He is our friend.（代詞）We belong to the third world.（數(shù)詞）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.( 副詞 )The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( 介詞 )The boys playing football ar

8、e in Class 2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）;.You should do everything that I do.（定語從句）狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat

9、went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句的五個(gè)基本句型主語 不及物動(dòng)詞She came / My head

10、 aches.主語 及物動(dòng)詞賓語She likes English.主語 系動(dòng)詞主語補(bǔ)語She is happy 主語 雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語 直接賓語 She gave John a book She bought a book for me.主語 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)語She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.（ There +beThere lies a book on the desk.）Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.;.

11、2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 7. -I love you more than her ， child 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the d

12、oor open.10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one.14. He asked us to sing an English song.15. Don't get nervous， help yourself to what you

13、 like 16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didn't come That is why he didn't know 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. The cars made in Japan are better than those i

14、n Germany22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him ;.23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from.25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.26. At last he got home, tired and hungry.27. Would you

15、 please pass me the cup?28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. I ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（ 主語 不及物動(dòng)詞）1 你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。2 她昨天回家很晚。3 那天早上我們談了很多。4 會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。5 在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。6 這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。7 1919 年，在北京爆發(fā)了 “五 .四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。8 每天八時(shí)開始上課。9 這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。10

16、 五年前我住在北京。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語）1 昨晚我寫了一封信。2 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇? 這本書他讀過多次了。4 他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。;.5 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。6 那位先生能流利地說三種語言。7 我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。8 Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。9 我們大家都相信 Jack 是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。10 他不知道說什麼好。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語系動(dòng)詞表語）1 我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2 冬季白天短，夜晚長。3 布朗夫人看起來很健康。4 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。5 孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。6 這本書是有關(guān)美國歷史的書。7 她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。8 他失業(yè)了。9 樹葉已

17、經(jīng)變黃了。10 這個(gè)報(bào)告聽起來很有意思。雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語）1 Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。3. Mary 把錢包交給校長了。4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？5. 他把車票給列車員看。 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。9. 請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語動(dòng)詞 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語）;.1 我們叫她 Alice.2 他的父母給他取名為John.3 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。4 他們把門推開了。5 他們把小偷釋放了。6 我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。7 他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。8 我要你把真相告訴我。9 衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。10 明天我要找人來修理機(jī)器。11 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。12 痛苦使得他叫喊起來。13 我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。14 他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。15 我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。16 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了17 她正在聽人家講故事。18 男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。19 我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。20 他感到很難跟你交談。21 我想乘船去那里更舒