高中英語(yǔ)必修二Unit4-知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解及答案

1、必修二第四單元 .詞匯短語(yǔ)過(guò)關(guān)1 respond vi.回答，答復(fù)；響應(yīng)，作出反應(yīng)response n. 回答，回復(fù)；反應(yīng)respond to sb./sth. 回答 ( 比 answer, reply to 正式 )respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.)用 , 回應(yīng)某人( 事 )respond to ( 疾病、身體的受傷部分)對(duì)醫(yī)藥有良好反應(yīng)response to sb./sth. (對(duì)人 /物 ) 的回答 /回復(fù) /反應(yīng)in response to 作為對(duì) , 的反應(yīng) 即學(xué)即練1(1)They still haven't _ my letter.他們

2、至今仍沒有回我的信。(2)He _ my suggestion _ a laugh/_ laughing.他對(duì)我的建議報(bào)以一笑。(3)His illness didn't _ treatment by drugs.他的疾病對(duì)藥物治療沒有反應(yīng)。(4)My mother opened the door _ the knock, but there was noone outside.聽到敲門聲后，我媽媽打開了門，但外面一個(gè)人都沒有。responded to,responded to,with,by,respond to,in response to2 certain adj. 確定的；無(wú)疑

3、的；某(種 )(1) 作“某 (種 )”講時(shí)，同義于 some.但 some 前不加冠詞。for a certain reason for some reason 由于某種原因certain professors some professors 某些教授a certain amount of time相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間(2) 作“確信的，有把握的”講時(shí)，同義于sure.但是certain 的主語(yǔ)既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that. 句型，而sure 主語(yǔ)只能是人。“ be certain/sure從句” (人 ) 有把握 /確信 ,(表示主語(yǔ)的信念)be certain/sur

4、e of/about sth. ( 人 )確信 (表示主語(yǔ)的信念)be certain/sure to do sth.必定 /肯定會(huì)做某事(主語(yǔ)常為二、 三人稱， 表示說(shuō)話人的信念 )“ make certain/sure 從句”弄清楚/確保 ,make certain/sure of/about sth.把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure確定地，確切地(做狀語(yǔ) )第1頁(yè)共10頁(yè)It is certain that.一定會(huì) ,(不能用sure) 即學(xué)即練2(1)There was _ in his manner. 他的態(tài)度有點(diǎn)冷淡。(2)Are you _ it？你對(duì)此有把握嗎？

5、(3)He is _ his duty. 他肯定會(huì)盡職。(4)_ he has wronged me. 我確信他冤枉了我。(5)_ their team will win the match.他們隊(duì)肯定會(huì)贏得比賽。a certain coldness,certain about/of,certain to do,I m certainthat,It s certain that3 contain vt . 包含；容納 ( hold) ；抑制 ( control) 即學(xué)即練3(1)His paper _ no mistakes at all.他的試卷沒有一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。(2)Orange juice

6、_ things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的東西。(3)This bottle _ two glasses of beer.這個(gè)瓶子可容納兩杯啤酒。(4)He couldn't _ for joy.他不勝歡喜。contained,contains,contains,contain himself4 affect vt .影響；感動(dòng)；(疾病 )侵襲be greatly/deeply affected很 /深受感動(dòng)be affected by heat/cold中暑 /著涼be affected with high fever發(fā)高燒 即學(xué)

7、即練4(1)The amount of rain _ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影響莊稼生長(zhǎng)。(2)One of her lungs _ a little so that she has to rest.她的一葉肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)The audience _ by his speech.聽眾被他的演講深深打動(dòng)了。affects,is affected,were deeply affected5 appreciate vt. 欣賞；感激；喜歡appreciation n.欣賞；感激appreciate sth. (thank sb.)感激某事或某人app

8、reciatedoing sth. 感激做某事one/one's doing sth. 感激某人做某事第2頁(yè)共10頁(yè)I would appreciate it if.如果 , ，我將不勝感激。 即學(xué)即練5(1)He highly _.他非常感謝他的幫助。(2)We shall _ you again.我們將很高興再次收到您的來(lái)信。(3)I really _ to the party.你能來(lái)參加這次聚會(huì)我太高興了。(4)I would _ you could help me.如果你能幫助我，我將不勝感激。appreciated his helpappreciate hearing fro

9、mappreciate your comingappreciate it if6 succeed v 成功success n. U 成功；成就C 成功的人或事successful adj. 成功的successfully adv.成功地succeed in doing sth.have success in doing sth.be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事achieve great success 取得巨大的成功sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事 即學(xué)即練6(1)We all _ the mid term examination. 我

10、們都成功地通過(guò)了期中考試。(2)Failure is the mother of _.失敗是成功之母。(3)He was _ as a novelist.他是非常成功的小說(shuō)家。succeeded in passing,success,a success7 harm vt. & n損害；危害harmful adj. 有害的be harmful to do harm todo sb. harm do harm to sb. 對(duì) , 有害There is no harm in doing sth.第3頁(yè)共10頁(yè) It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是個(gè)

11、好主意(或沒有壞處)。 即學(xué)即練7(1)The dog seems fierce, but it won t _ anyone. 這條狗看上去很兇，但它不會(huì)傷害任何人。(2)Fruit juice can _ children s teeth.果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。(3)He may say no, but _ asking.他可能拒絕，但問(wèn)一問(wèn)也無(wú)妨。harm,be harmful to,there is no harm in8 die out滅亡，逐漸消失die out 絕種，滅絕；熄滅；(風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等)逐漸消失die off( 家族、種族等)相繼死亡；(草木 ) 先后枯死die awa

12、y( 聲音、光線、風(fēng)等)漸弱，漸息，平息die down( 火、光線、興奮、暴風(fēng)雨等 ) 漸弱，漸息； (聲音 )靜下來(lái) die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓、悲傷等die from指由于外傷、外界原因、粗心、不注意、勞累過(guò)度等而死 即學(xué)即練8(1) Scientists said that those plants _ a century ago.科學(xué)家們說(shuō)那些植物一個(gè)世紀(jì)前就絕種了。(2) Many old customs _.許多古老的風(fēng)俗正逐漸消失。(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will _.如果暴風(fēng)雪不停息，牲畜

13、就要死掉了。(4)Open the air hole; the fire is _.把氣孔打開，火要熄了。died out,are dying out,die off,dying down(5)Every winter some old people _ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于體溫過(guò)低。(6)Nowadays many people _ cancer.現(xiàn)在有很多人死于癌癥。die from,die of9 in danger (of.)處于危險(xiǎn)之中out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn) 即學(xué)即練9第4頁(yè)共10頁(yè)(1)The drowned girl was obvious

14、ly_.很明顯，那個(gè)溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)The old house is _ collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危險(xiǎn)。(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _.他們?cè)卺t(yī)院得知他們的祖母已經(jīng)脫離危險(xiǎn)了。in immediate danger,in danger of,out of danger拓展：與in/out of 搭配的短語(yǔ)in order有秩序in sight看得見in trouble在困境中in line 成行 (隊(duì) )in place適合 /當(dāng)in fashion時(shí)尚 out of or

15、der 出故障 (機(jī)器等工作不正常)out of sight看不見out of trouble 擺脫困境out of line不成一直線out of place 不合適out of fashion 過(guò)時(shí)10 protect.from/against.保護(hù) , 免受 ,(的傷害 )defend.from/against. 保衛(wèi) , 以抵制 ,keep sb. from doingstop sb. (from) doingprevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做 即學(xué)即練 10(1)Young plants should be well _ the cold.幼苗必須被很好地保護(hù)

16、以免受凍。(2)The hen _ its young _ being attacked by the cat.母雞保衛(wèi)小雞使其免遭貓的襲擊。(3)Everyone should take up arms to _ our country from invasion.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)拿起武器保衛(wèi)我們的國(guó)家不受侵犯。(4)Nothing can _ us _ realizing our dreams.什么也不能阻止我們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想。protected from,protected,against,defend,第5頁(yè)共10頁(yè)stop,from提示： (1)protect against和 protect

17、 from意思相似，有時(shí)可互換。但是，對(duì)于較大的事情，如：敵人的入侵、天災(zāi)等，常用protect against, 對(duì)于較小的事情常用 protect from.(2) 在protect.from/against.結(jié)構(gòu)中，from和against 后面常跟sth. ，有時(shí)against 后跟being done 來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)性。(3) 主動(dòng)句中 prevent/stop.from. 中的 from 可省略，在被動(dòng)句中from 不可省略，而 keep.from. 中的from 無(wú)論是在主動(dòng)句還是被動(dòng)句中都不能省略。11 pay attention to注意Attention, please!

18、 請(qǐng)注意！ (演講用語(yǔ) )( May I have your attention, please ？ )attract/catch/draw/get one's attention to吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on將注意力集中于devote one's attention to 專心致志于call one's attention to喚起某人對(duì) ,的注意提示：以上短語(yǔ)中的to、 on 都是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。 即學(xué)即練11(1)She _ her appearance.她很注重外表。(

19、2)A great deal of attention has been _ protecting the environment.人們已對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境投入很多精力。paid much attention to,paid to12 come into being出現(xiàn)；形成；產(chǎn)生o being使形成；使產(chǎn)生for the time being暫時(shí)；眼下 即學(xué)即練12(1)We don't know when the universe _.我們不知道宇宙是何時(shí)形成的。(2)Such a custom _ long ago.這種風(fēng)俗很久以前就有了。came into being

20、,came into being提示： come into being 是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，無(wú)被動(dòng)形式， 無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)。 類似短語(yǔ)有：come into power當(dāng)權(quán)come into effect生效come into action開始行動(dòng)第6頁(yè)共10頁(yè)come into office就職come into sight看得見come into use 開始使用易錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥 自我完善?誤區(qū)備考1. contain/include(1)contain意為“包含，含有，容納，里面裝有”，指的是包含的全部?jī)?nèi)容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)常是同位關(guān)系，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。(2)include意為

21、“包含；連, 在內(nèi)，計(jì)入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的賓語(yǔ)往往是主語(yǔ)的一部分。常用“ including 被包括部分”或“被包括部分included ”。如：Many people like tennis, including me/me included.許多人喜歡網(wǎng)球，也包括我/我也在內(nèi)。 應(yīng)用 1用contain 和 include 的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _a lot of fruit and green vegetables

22、.(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _ old people.(3)The _ can _ 100 litres of water.includes,including ,container,contain2. affect/effect/influence(1)affect常做及物動(dòng)詞，“影響，感動(dòng)，感染”。(2)effect常做名詞，“結(jié)果，效果，作用，影響”，常用于詞組： have an effect on/uponsb. 對(duì) ,有影響， take effect生效，實(shí)行， come/go into effect開

23、始生效，開始實(shí)施。(3)influence可做動(dòng)詞也可做名詞，表示“影響、感染”的意思時(shí)，是指使思想、行為、性質(zhì)或發(fā)展和成長(zhǎng)等發(fā)生變化的影響。它可以指壞的影響，也可以指好的影響，這種影響常常是潛移默化的。 應(yīng)用 2(1)Probably we _ each other.(2)To _ a policy is to have an _ on it.influenced,affect,effect高 效作 業(yè) 自我測(cè)評(píng) ?技能備考 .單詞拼寫1 This hat will give p_ against the hot sun.2 My wallet c_ two hundred yuan and

24、 my passport was lost when Iwas shopping.3 MrsBrown'sdog b_the mailmanwhen he was deliveringnewspapers第7頁(yè)共10頁(yè)yesterday afternoon.4 Both bees and butterflies belong to i_.5 The mother is r_ her baby against mosquitoes.6 You'd better _( 存留 ) the money for future need.7 We'll go _( 打獵 ) tom

25、orrow.8 We greatly _( 感謝，感激 ) your timely help.9 She turned her _( 注意力 ) to new problems.10 The dog looks _ ( 兇惡 ). You'd better keep away from it. .單項(xiàng)選擇1 The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was forbidden todrive for speeding.A a; theB /; /C the; theD a; /2 It is_that his English i

26、s_perfect.A sure; veryB right; ratherC exact; fairlyD certain; quite3 Stop _ this kind of snakes. They are _.A hunting; dying outB to hunt; dying outC hunting; dying away D to hunt; dying down4 I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.A as soon asB as a resultC in c

27、aseD so that5 Are you driving to the airport, sir? I'd appreciate _ if you could give me alift.A thatB youC thisD it6 More attention should be _ equipment in our factory so that we can increaseour production.A paidto improvingB paidtoimproveC taken toimproveD taken to improving7 How many passeng

28、ers were in the plane? It _ 100, 20 Chinese _. A contained; includedB contained; includingC included; containedD contained; containing8 The disease failed to_to the new drugs the doctor applied.A respondB turnC replyD refer第8頁(yè)共10頁(yè)9 Much _ by the story of Cong Fei,I am also determined to be a volunte

29、erworker.A affectedB appreciatedC admiredD effected10 There may be kinds of infectious (傳染的 ) diseases in public places. You shouldkeep your children_to the places where people are crowded.A not goB not to goC goingD from going11 After a heated discussion at the meeting, a new plan came _ being, whi

30、chwould have a great effect _the cultural life of the people.A into; forB to; toC from; atD into; on12 Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be _ the Chinese footballteam enters the final stage of the World Cup.A whenB sinceC beforeD until13 She was knocked _ by a car and now was still _.A dow

31、n; in dangerB off; dangerousCdown; dangerousDoff;in danger14 Excuse me, what time is it now? Sorry, my watch _. It _ at the shop. A isn't working; is being repairedB doesn't work; is being repairedC isn't working; is repairedD doesn't work; is repaired15 My car started up at last. You should have it repaired _ it's working now.A as long asB as thoughC even thoughD in caseprotection,containing,bit,insects,rubbingreserve,hunting,app