江西理工大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)英語考試重點(diǎn)(共4頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一、數(shù)學(xué)符號翻譯 twelve over one hundred and fifty-six two hundred and thirty-four over five hundred and sixty-seven four percent seven permill six point seven nine three point two five recurring the eighth root of x to the fifth power to the minus three fifths is integrable on a,b is integrabl

2、e on 2,3 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x the partial (derivative) of f with respect to y the logarithm of five to the base three the logarithm of to the base a A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B A cup B / A join B / A union B a is an element of A b is an element of B二、名詞翻譯function

3、 theory 函數(shù)論 schematic representation 圖解表示geometry 幾何學(xué) trigonometry 三角學(xué)consequence 推論 proposition 命題theorem 定理 pyramid 棱錐cone 圓錐 abscissa 橫坐標(biāo)ordinate 縱坐標(biāo) coordinate system 坐標(biāo)系coordinate axis 坐標(biāo)軸 polygonal region 多邊形區(qū)域tangent 切線 slope 斜率complex-valued sequence 復(fù)值序列 convergence 收斂real valued sequence 實(shí)

4、值序列 divergence 發(fā)散rational number 有理數(shù) irrational number 無理數(shù)odd number 奇數(shù) even number 偶數(shù)prime 質(zhì)數(shù)、素?cái)?shù) composite 合數(shù)plane 平面 surface 曲面broken line 折線 Venn diagram 文氏圖universal set 全集 the underlying set 基礎(chǔ)集proper subset 真子集 quadratic equation 二次方程the absolute-value function 絕對值函數(shù)parabolic segment 拋物弓形三、中譯英

5、（1）17世紀(jì)之前，人類局限于初等數(shù)學(xué)，即幾何，三角學(xué)和代數(shù)，那時只考慮常數(shù)。Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i.e., geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were consider

6、ed.（2） 兩個整數(shù)的和、差或積是一個整數(shù)，但是兩個整數(shù)的商未必是一個整數(shù)。 The sum, difference, or product of two integers is an integer, but the quotient of two integers need not be aninteger.（3） 設(shè)X是線性空間V中k個元素組成的一個線性無關(guān)集合，L(X)是由X張

7、成的子空間。那么，L(X)的每一個元素都可以表示成X的元素的線性組合。Let X be an independent set consisting of k elements in a linear space V and let L(X）be the subspace spanned by X, then each element of L(X) can be expressed as a linear combination of element of X.（4）若P(A)>P(B)，則稱事件A比事件B有更大的可能性；如果P(A)P(B),則稱事件A至少和事件B的可能性一樣大。The

8、 event A is called more likely than B if P(A)>P(B), and at least as likely as B if P(A) P(B).（5）微分方程的研究直接受到力學(xué)、天文學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)物理的推動。The study of differential equations has been directly inspired by mechanics, astronomy, and mathematical physics.（6）由定義導(dǎo)數(shù)的過程所提供的幾何解釋以一種自然的方式導(dǎo)出了關(guān)于曲線的切線的思想。The procedure used to

9、 define the derivative has a geometric interpretation which leads in a natural way to the idea of a tangent line to a curve.（7）一個復(fù)值序列收斂當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)它的實(shí)部和虛部分別收斂。A complex-valued sequence converges if and only if both the real part and the imaginary part converge separately.（8） 幾何主要不是研究數(shù)，而是形，例如三角形，平行四邊形和圓，雖然它也

10、與數(shù)有關(guān)。Geometry mainly studies not numbers but figures such as triangles, parallelograms and circles, though it is related with numbers.四、英譯漢1、 Two events are said to be mutually exclusive when both cannot happen at the same time.If E denotes an event,then the event that E does not happen is called th

11、e complementary event of E,and is denoted by .Obviously,E and are mutually exclusive.Since an event either happens or does not happen,the sum of their probabilities is 1. 兩個事件若它們不能在同一時間都發(fā)生時我們稱這兩個事件是互斥的。如果 E 表示一個事件，然后 E 不會發(fā)生的事件稱為 E的補(bǔ)充性事件，并由表示。很明顯，E 和是互斥的。因?yàn)閷τ谑录l(fā)生或不發(fā)生，其概率的總和是 1。2、 Thus pq is true if b

12、oth p and q are true or if both p and q are false.The following are English-language equivalents to pq : “ p if and only if q”,”p is a necessary and sufficient condition for q.”and “p precisely if q.”It is worth emphasizing that the compound proposition pq and its converse qp are quire different;the

13、y have different truth tables.因此 pq 是真的，在 p 和 q 同時為真或 同時為假時成立。以下是英語語言描述，等同于pq : "p當(dāng)且僅當(dāng) q"，"p 是 q 的必要和充分條件"和"p 準(zhǔn)確如果 q."值得強(qiáng)調(diào)的是復(fù)合命題 pq 和它的逆命題 qp 是不同的，他們有不同的真值表。 3、 We now introduce a natural generalization of partial derivatives.In the definition of ,the numerator of the d

14、ifference quotient used involves the value of at two points and .As approaches zero,the first point approaches the latter along the line y=.For a point approaches along the line x=.We now replace these two special lines by an arbitrary line through .我們現(xiàn)在介紹的偏導(dǎo)數(shù)的自然推廣。由中的定義，所使用的差商的分子涉及在和兩個點(diǎn)的值。當(dāng)接近零，第一點(diǎn)沿

15、直線y =接近后者。對于點(diǎn)沿直線x =趨向?，F(xiàn)在我們通過一個任意經(jīng)過點(diǎn)的線來更換這兩個特殊的線。4、 The whole numbers have many important subsets.A whole number is said to be even if it is divisible by 2;2,6 and 18 are example of even numbers.A whole number is said to be odd if it is not divisible by 2;1,7and 13 are examples of odd numbers.The nat

16、ural numbers greater than 1 and called prime or composite.A number is prime if it is divisible only by 1 and itself.A number is composite if it is divisible by a natural number other than 1 and itself.整數(shù)集有很多重要子集。當(dāng)一個整數(shù)可以被2 整除時,我們通常稱它為偶數(shù)，例如 2，6 和 18 是偶數(shù)。當(dāng)一個整數(shù)不能被2 整除時,我們通常稱它為奇數(shù)，例如 1，7和 13是奇數(shù)。對于那些大于1的自然

17、數(shù) ，可以相應(yīng)稱為素?cái)?shù)和合數(shù)。數(shù)A是質(zhì)數(shù)，如果它是只能被 1 和自身整除。數(shù)A是合數(shù)，如果它能夠能被 1 和本身以外的自然數(shù)整除。5、 Some-where in the process of solving a firstorder differential equation ,an intrgration is required to remove the derivative and in this step an arbitrary constant C appears.在解一階微分方程的過程中，為了消去導(dǎo)數(shù)，需要在某一步進(jìn)行積分，這時候就出現(xiàn)了一個任何常數(shù)。6、 A matrix with the same number of rows and columns is called a sqare matrix.And an n th-order square matrix,which is denoted by ,consists of numbers with n rows and n c