美國(guó)文學(xué)考點(diǎn)整理(共12頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1.Matches作家作品：（或參考課本目錄，黑色斜體為課本目錄）The literature of Realism:Walt Whitman 沃爾特.惠特曼Drum Taps (桴鼓集)Good-Bye, My Fancy ( 再見，我的幻想,)Leaves of Grass (草葉集)Passage to India ( 通向印度之路)Sequel to Drum Taps (桴鼓集續(xù)集)Song of Myself 自己之歌I Sit and Look Out 我坐在這兒眺望著Beat! Beat! Drum! 敲呀！敲呀！鼓??！Emily Dickinson

2、艾米莉.狄金森I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed 我品味未經(jīng)釀造的飲料I felt a Funeral, in my Brain 我感受了一場(chǎng)葬禮，在腦中A Bird came down the Walk 鳥兒沿著小徑過來I died for Beauty- but was scarce 我為美而死I heard a Fly buzz- when I died 我聽到蒼蠅的嗡嗡聲-在臨死之前Because I could not stop for Death 因?yàn)槲也荒芡Ｏ聛淼群蛩郎馡m Nobody! Who are You?Success is Counted Sw

3、eetestHarriet Beecher Stowe 哈麗雅特.比徹.斯托Uncle Tom's Cabin 湯姆叔叔的小屋Mark Twain 馬克. 吐溫The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 湯姆.索亞歷險(xiǎn)記.The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (kælvers 卡拉韋拉斯縣馳名的跳蛙 2.Innocents Abroad (傻子國(guó)外旅行記)3.Roughing It (艱苦歲月 )4.The Gilded Age (with Charles Dudley Waenner, 鍍金時(shí)代與查爾斯&

4、#183;達(dá)德利·沃納合寫)5.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (湯姆·索耶歷險(xiǎn)記)A Tramp Abroad (國(guó)外流浪漢 )7. The Prince and the Pauper (王子與貧兒)8. Life on the Mississippi (密西西比河上)9.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (哈克貝里·費(fèi)恩 歷險(xiǎn)記)10.The Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson ( 傻瓜威爾遜)11. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Co

5、urt ( 亞瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美國(guó)人 )12. The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg (敗壞赫德萊堡的人)13. What Is Man? (人是什么)O.Henry 歐. 亨利The Cop and the Anthen 警察與贊美詩(shī)Henry James 亨利. 詹姆斯A Tragedy of ErrorsTransatlantic Sketches The American 美國(guó)人Daisy Miller 戴茜·米勒The Europeans 歐洲人The Portrait of a Lady 貴婦的肖像Washington Square 華

6、盛頓廣場(chǎng)The Bostonians 波士頓人The Princess Casamassima 卡薩瑪西瑪公主The Tragic Muse Guy Domville (play, ) What Maisie Knew The Turn of the Screw 碧廬冤孽The Awkward AgeThe Wings of the Dove ) 鴿之翼The Ambassadors 大使 (或譯：奉使記)The Beast in the JungleThe Golden Bowl 金碗English Hours The American SceneJack London 杰克. 倫敦The

7、Sea Wolf海狼Martin Eden 馬丁.伊登Theodore Dreiser 西奧多. 德萊賽Sister Carrie 嘉莉妹妹Jennie Gerhardt The Financier The Titan The Genius An American TragedyTwentieth-Century Literature:Ezra Pound 埃茲拉. 龐德A Virginal 處女無暇Salutation再次致敬A Pact 合同In a Station of the Metro 在地鐵車站The River-Merchant'sWife: A Letter 長(zhǎng)干行Pe

8、rsonae 人物Exultations 狂喜Cathay 譯著華夏Homage to Sextus Propertius 向賽克斯特斯.普羅波蒂斯致敬Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 休.賽爾溫.毛伯利 The Cantos 詩(shī)章The ABC Reading  (Literary Essay)Edwin Arlington Robinson 埃德溫. 阿林頓. 羅賓遜The House on the Hill 山上的古屋Richard Cory 理查.珂利Miniver Cheevy 米尼弗.契維The Torrent and the Night Before 急流與昨

9、夜The Town Down the River 河下游的城鎮(zhèn)The Children of the Night 夜之子Mr. Floods Party 弗羅德先生的酒會(huì)The Man Against the Sky 天邊人影Robert Frost 羅伯特. 弗洛斯特After Apple-Picking 摘蘋果之后The Road Not Taken 沒有走的路Stopping by Wood on a Snowy Evening 雪夜林邊小立Departmental 職責(zé)分明，各管各的Design 天意The Most of It他至多是My butterfly 我的蝴蝶A Boys W

10、ill 少年的意志North of Boston 波士頓以北Mountain Interval 山間New Hampshire 新罕布什爾West-Running Brook 向西流去的小溪A Further Range 又一片牧場(chǎng)Mending Wall 修墻The Birches 白樺樹A Witness Tree 見證樹Steeple Bush 尖塔叢A Masque of Mercy 假慈悲Collected Poems 詩(shī)選Complete Poems 詩(shī)歌全集In the Clearing 林間空地Carl Sandburg 卡爾. 桑德堡In Reckless Ecstasy &

11、lt;心醉神迷>Chicago Poems <芝加哥詩(shī)集>Famous Imagist poems:Fog <霧>The Harbor <港口>Chicago <芝加哥>Cool Tombs <清冷的墓>The People, Yes <人民，是的>Flash Crimson 閃爍的深紅Lost <失落>I Am the People, the Mob <我是人民群眾>The American Songbag <美國(guó)歌集> or <美國(guó)歌袋> -folk songs o

12、f cowboys, vagabond and black peopleBiography of Lincoln (6 volumes) <林肯傳>1 autobiography 1 historical novelCornhuskers <碾米機(jī)>Smoke and Steel <煙與鋼>Good Morning, America <早安，美國(guó)>Collected Poems <詩(shī)集>Wallace Stevens 華萊士. 斯蒂文斯Peter Quince at the Clavier 彼得.昆士彈琴Anecdote of the

13、 Jar 壇子的軼事The Emperor of Ice-Cream 冰淇淋皇帝Harmonium <風(fēng)琴> (first collection of his poems at the age of 44)Notes toward a Supreme Fiction <關(guān)于高度虛構(gòu)的筆記>The Idea of Orders <關(guān)于秩序的思想>The Man with the Blue Guitar <帶藍(lán)吉它的人>Parts of a World <一個(gè)世界的某些部分>Transport to Summer <轉(zhuǎn)入夏季>

14、 The Auroras of Autumn <秋天的晨曦> Collected Poems <詩(shī)集> Opus Posthumous <遺作集>The Necessary Angel <必不可少的安琪兒>Thomas Stearns Eliot 托馬斯. 斯特恩斯. 艾略特The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock（杰阿爾弗雷德普魯夫洛克的情歌）The Waste Land （荒原）The Hollow Men （空心人）Preludes 序曲Journey of the Magi 三賢者的旅程Ash Wednesd

15、ay （圣灰星期三：復(fù)活節(jié)前的第七個(gè) 星期三）Four Quartets（四個(gè)四重奏/托馬斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特）F. Scott Fitzgerald 司各特. 菲茨杰拉德(1) This Side of Paradise 人間天堂(2) Flappers and Philosophers 輕佻女郎與哲學(xué)家(3) The Beautiful and the Damned 漂亮冤家(4) The Great Gatsby 了不起的蓋茨比(5) Tender is the Night 夜色溫柔(6) All the Sad Young Man(7) The Last Tycoo

16、n 最后的巨石8）Tales of the Jazz Age (1922) 爵士樂時(shí)代的故事Ernest Hemingway 厄內(nèi)斯特. 海明威1) In Our Time(2) Men Without Women(3) Winner Take Nothing(4) The Torrents of Spring(5) The Sun Also Rises 太陽依照升起(6) A Farewell to Arms 永別了武器(7) Death in the Afternoon 午后之死(8) To Have and Have Not(9) Green Hills of Africa 非洲的青山(

17、10) The Fifth Column(11) For Whom the Bell Tolls 喪鐘為誰而鳴(12) Across the River and into the Trees過河入林(13) The Old Man and the Sea 老人與海14）The Spanish War 西班牙戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)John Steinbeck 約翰.斯坦(1) Cup of Gold(2) Tortilla Flat(3) In Dubious Battle(4) Of Mice and Men(5) The Grapes of Wrath 憤怒的葡萄(6) Travels with Charle

18、y(7) Short stories: The Red Pony, The Pearl William Faulkner 威廉. ?？思{A Rose for Emily 給艾米莉小姐的玫瑰The Sound and the Fury 喧嘩與騷動(dòng) As I lay Dying 在我彌留之際Light in August 八月之光Absalom, Absalom！ 押沙龍，押沙龍！Go down, Moses 去吧，摩西2. terms：(課件版在課件相關(guān)知識(shí)拼湊版，需自己整理一下)1） Free verse(參考書版)It is a form of poetry. It means that t

19、he poetry is without a fixed beat or regular rhyme, a looser and more open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored. Lines and sentences of different lengths are left lying side by side just as things are, undisturbed and separate. There are few compound sentences to draw objects and experi

20、ences into a system of hierarchy2) American realism(參考書版) Realism refers to the literary tendency appeared after the American Civil War. The harsh realities of life as well as the disillusion of heroism resulting from the dark memories of the Civil War had set the nation against the romance. The Ame

21、ricans began to be tired of the sentimental feeling of Romanticism. A new generation of writers, dissatisfied with the Romantic ideas in the older generation ,came up with a new inspiration. This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life. It aimed at the interpretat

22、ion of the actualities of any aspect of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color. Instead of thinking about the mysteries of life and death and heroic individualism, people's attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence, to what was brutal

23、 or sordid, and to the open portray of class struggle. This literary interest in the so-called"reality" of life started a new period in the American literary writings knows as the Age of Realism.3) Local colorism(參考書版)Local color is a term applied to fiction or verse which emphasizes its s

24、etting, being concerned with the character of a district or of an era, as marked by its customs, dialect, costumes, landscape, or other peculiarities the have escaped standardizing cultural influences. As a variation of American realism, local colorism came into particular prominence in the U.S. aft

25、er the Civil War, perhaps as an attempt to recapture the glamour of a past ear, or to portray the sections of the reunited county one to the other. The representive writer of this movement is generally accepted as Mark Twain who depicts the beautiful scenes along the Mississippi Rover that he knows

26、very well from his childhood. Other local colorists include Bret Harte, Hamlin Garland and Kate Chopin.4) Naturalism(參考書版)Naturalism is a critical term applied to the method of literary composition that aims at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. It is thus more inclu

27、sive and less selective than realism, and holds to the philosophy of determinism. It conceives of man as controlled by his instincts or his passions, or by his social and economic environment and circumstances. Since in this view man has no free will, the naturalistic writer does not attempt to make

28、 moral judgements, outgrowth of 19th-century scientific thought, following in the general the biographical feterminism of Darwin's theory, or the economic determinism of Mars. In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympat

29、hetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence. 5) the Imagism(參考書版)Imagism is a poetic movement of England and the United States, flourished from 1909 to 1917. Its credo, expressed in Some Imagist Poets(1915), incl

30、uded the use of the language of common speech, preoject matter, the evocation of images in hard, clear poetry, and concentration. Origination in the aesthetic philosophy of T.E. Hulme, the movement soon attracted Ezra Pound, who became the leader of a small group opposed to the romantic conception o

31、f poetry and inspired by Greek and Roman classic and by Chinese, Japanese, and modern French poets.6）Object Correlative（課件版）Eliots famous principle of “objective correlative” （客觀對(duì)應(yīng)物）refers to using related objects, situations, events, all external facts, to express emotions. He said that the only wa

32、y of expressing emotion in the form of art is by finding the objective correlative, in other words, a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events which shall be the formula（配方） of that particular emotion; such that when the external facts, which must terminate in sensory experience, are given, th

33、e emotion is immediately evoked.7）Lost Generation（課件版） It refers to, in general, the post-World War First generation, but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists, who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values

34、and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism（快樂論, 快樂主義）. Lost generation brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. The generation was "lost" in the sense that its inherited values were

35、no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U. S. that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial, materialistic, and emotional barren. The term embraces Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, E. E. Cummings, and many other writers who made Pari

36、s the center of their literary activities in the 1920s.8） Psychological realism（參考書版）It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the complexities of character's thoughts and motivations. Henry James 's novel The Ambassador is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism. A

37、nd Henry James is considered the founder of psychological realism made by life on the spectator, and not in any facts of which the spectator is unaware. Such realism is therefor merely the obligation that the artist assumes to represent life as he sees it, which may not be the same life as it "

38、really"is.3. Short Question and Answers:1) The social significance of Uncle Tom's Cabin It is the story of an old black slave, Uncle Tom, who has the hope of freedom held before him but who never escapes from his slavery. In the end, he welcomed the death caused by his cruel master, Simon L

39、egree. As a masterpiece of Abolitionist propaganda, the book had its effect. It helped expand campaign in the North against Southern slavery that led to the Civil War. The novel exposed and denounced the slavery in the south in the 19th century. It arose at the historic moment of the high tide of th

40、e anti-slavery movement and exerted a great influence upon and greatly pushed forward the movement after its publication.Influence: enormous after the forty versions of different languages appeareda. It stirred the Civil War.b. It caused a lot of mothers sacrificing their sons.c. It also brought abo

41、ut the emancipation of black slaves. 2) The International theme of Portrait of a Lady“The international theme”refers to the moral and psychological complications when the American innocence encountered the European sophisticationThe typical Americans in James: fresh, enthusiastic, eager to learn, an

42、d basically “good”, disregard of the conventions, stand for moralityThe Europeans in James : highly cultivated, elegant in manners, but sophisticated , stand for manners（禮貌）The meeting of America and Europe, American innocence in contract and contrast European decadence, and its moral and psychologi

43、cal complicationsIsabel Archer VS Madame Merle and Gilbert Osmond3) The analysis of Sister Carrie's themeWhen a girl leaves her home at 18, she does either of the 2 things: A.falling into saving hands and becoming better, B. or rapidly assuming the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and turning wor

44、se. Under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The theme in Sister Carrie, a novel written by Theodore Dreiser, is materialism. The theme is primarily personified through Carrie with her desire for a fine home, clothes and everything else money can buy.Materialism, including the desire for mo

45、ney, is an important theme in Sister Carrie. The materialism is shown mostly through Carrie's character but also through Hurstwood, a man with a respectable life and money, who still wants more and for that reason commits a crime. The city in itself is also a place of materialism, it is a place

46、that offers all kinds of amusements, pleasures and things to buy, but to participate in what the city has to offer one has to have money.4) The possible reason of Richard Cory's commit suiside（好像是上課提到過的）Abnormal state of mind Meaningless social valuesPerfect personSharp contrast sketches 5) Anal

47、yse the character of The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Prufrock is a bald middle-aged man fails the courage himself to confess his love to the woman which seems to be neither realistic romance nor nasty sexual desire, but somehow a sheer abstract symbol of adventure and departure. He leaves his lov

48、e song in the hell of inner heart, locked up. Prufrock is the typical kind of modern educated man who hold the self-consciousness as a decent person, the moody, urban, isolated-yet-sensitive thinker. They want to pursue desire but worried about the effects it will brings to them. He undergoes the co

49、ntradiction between reason and lust, and suffers in hesitation. With interior monologue as skill, Eliot presents a portraiture of modern man in awkwardness, impotence, and inner hollowness. Prufrock is typically a representative of modern man on this “Waste land”.6) Analyse the influence of American

50、 Dream on Gatsby A great number of his stories started with the basic situation in which a rising young man of the middle class is in love with the daughter of a very rich family. While The Great Gatsby explores a number of themes, none is more prevalent than that of the corruption of the American d

51、ream. Gatsby appears to be the embodiment of this dream he has risen from being a poor farm boy with no prospects, to being rich, having a big house, servants, and a large social circle attending his numerous functions. He has achieved all this in only a few short years, having returned from the war

52、 penniless. However, Fitzgerald explores much more than the failure of the American dream he is more deeply concerned with its total corruption. Gatsby has not achieved his wealth through honest hard work, but through bootlegging and crime. His money is not simply new money it is dirty money, earned

53、 through dishonesty and crime. 7) Hemingway's Iceberg Theory After the publication of his last major work, The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway explained his "iceberg" theory of fiction writing in a Paris Review interview: “If it is any use to know it, I always try to write on the

54、 principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg.” Hemingway's "iceberg theory" of prose style suggests that the writer should leave unsaid the vast majority of what mi

55、ght be written on a subject. The writer gains power by knowing what to leave out.4. Analysis1) I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed by Emily DickinsonThis peom is a ballad and the rhyme scheme of it:abcb 1 stanzaI taste a liquor never brewed-I taste a strong/sweet alcoholic spirit that has never been made

56、to beer. Note the metaphor here.“A liquor never brewed” refers metaphorically to nature. The poet is lost in the beauty of nature.2 stanzaMolten blue-metaphorical use, referring to “heaven” or “nature”(天堂)The poet told readers humorously that she was drinking air and dew, and described herself as a drunken man to express she was intoxicating in nature very much. Image-inns of molten blue-the poet was deeply absorbed in the good days of summer full of blue sky and green grass.3 stanzaThe poet would intoxicate in nature for ever, compa