人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)-英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+練習(xí)

1、2016年八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)（一）一般將來時(shí)tomorrow,般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。Itthe going tobe going to do（動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：iswill do結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：1 .表示預(yù)見Do you think it will rain?You will feel better after a good rest.2 .表

2、示意圖I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：（1）will+主語 +do ？ Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?（2）there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句： Will there + be？Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won t否定句構(gòu)成：will + not（won t ） +doSarah won t come to

3、 visit me next Sunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞 + will + 主語+？ What will Sarah do next Sunday?（二）should 的用法：should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not.例女口: I think you should eat less junk food.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.她經(jīng)常幵車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Students sh

4、ouldn t spend too much time playing computer games.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。（三）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1 .構(gòu)成was /were + doing ,例如：I was watchi ng TV at 9 o clock last night .at 9 o clock last night是時(shí)間點(diǎn)They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon 是時(shí)間段2 .過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞at 8 o clock l

5、ast night, this time yesterday等。例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。At that time she was writing a book.那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。）練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. This time yesterday I r read ） books.a party.At 9 o clock last Sunday they（ have ）2. When I (come) into the classroo

6、m, she(read ) a storybook.3. She(play) computer games while her mother(cook) yesterday afternoon.4. I(have) a shower when you (call ) me yesterday.答案：1. was reading2. were having3. came; was reading4. was playing; was cooking5. was having; called(四) 間接引語形成步驟：(1) 不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào)(2) 要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)

7、(3) 要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化(4) 要考慮時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和語示代詞的變化。1.直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語般現(xiàn)在時(shí)般過去時(shí)般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)2.直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語1. am / is1. was2. are2. were3. have / has3. had4. will4. would5. can5. could6. may6. might練一練 用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. She said I (be) hard-working.2. Peter told me he (be) bore

8、d yesterday.3. She said she (go) swimming last Sunday.4. Bobby said he(may) call me later.5. Antonio told me he(read ) a book then.答案：1. was2. was3. went 4. might5. was reading請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：(Toni)(Lucy)(Mike)1. I go to the beach every Saturday.2. I can speak three languages.3. I will call you tomorrow.(s

9、he)4. I m having a surprise party for Lana.(五) if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if + 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語+ 將來時(shí) 含義：如果，將要例如：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請(qǐng)求他，他會(huì)幫助你。If need be, we ll work all night.如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。練一練根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子1 .如果你參加聚會(huì)，你將會(huì)過得很幵心。If you the party, you2 . 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。If it tomorrow, we .3 . 如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會(huì)喜歡英語的。

10、If you often , you .答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time2. If it rains tomorrow, we won t go to the picnic3. If you often listen to English songs, you ll like English二 . 完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路（一）題型分類與特點(diǎn) 完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從 所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞

11、的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適 當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語 的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義 適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇 題和完形填空題。1. 完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對(duì)每一空格提供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考 生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識(shí)，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè) 最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完

12、形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相 當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在150 200 個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置 10 個(gè)左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語法及對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個(gè)語境，對(duì)每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定 的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對(duì)短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。2. 選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)還 增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大

13、意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文 脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開始判定選擇，切忌倉促下筆。2. 結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容， 注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手， 根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步 選定答案。3. 瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對(duì)比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握 的

14、答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié) 合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對(duì)短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。4. 復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù) 查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤答 案或有疑問的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時(shí)先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首 句，善于以首句

15、的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測全文主題及大意。2. 復(fù)讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識(shí)，先 確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依 據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連 貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等 進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。（三）課文閱讀指導(dǎo)1. 初中閱讀閱讀理解能

16、力（ 1 ）理解主旨要義（ 2）理解文中具體信息（ 3）根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的意義（ 4）做出簡單判斷的推理（ 5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)（ 6）理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度2. 培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣（ 1 ）擴(kuò)大視距（ 2）克服聲讀（ 3）克服逐字讀3. 猜測詞文（ 1 ）通過標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測（ 2）文章的標(biāo)題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義，因此通過文章標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測，以便正確理解。（ 3）通過語篇標(biāo)記進(jìn)行預(yù)測（ 4）語篇標(biāo)記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞。（ 5）利用背景知識(shí)預(yù)測（ 6）利用圖片進(jìn)行預(yù)測一 . 選擇填空。（） 1. Beijing won the ch

17、ances the 2008 Olympics.A. to hostB. hostC. hosting D. hosted（） 2. Tiger Woods can make billions dollars a year.A. for B. with C. of D. on （ ） 3. You looked so beautiful at the party.A. No, I don t think soB. Of courseC. Thank you very muchD. No, I m not beautiful（） 4. The text is very easy for you.

18、 There arenew words in it.A. a few B. a littleC. fewD. little（） 5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper “ WhoMoved My cheese” was aninteresting book.A. that B. what C. how D. if（ ） 6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think. I don t agree. Speaking is readin

19、g.A. as important as B. so important asC. the more importantD. the most important（） 7. If he harder, he ll catch up with us.A. work B. worksC. workedD. will work（） 8. The manager that the business would be worse after the stock（股票） went down.A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke（） 9. We should keep in

20、the reading-room.A. quietB. quietlyC. quiteD. quickly（ ） 10. I think everything goes on well.A. So I doB. I do soC. So do ID. So is I） 11. If you want to watch TV, you may turnA. down)B. it on C. on it D. it off12. I m sorry I haven t got any money. I ve _ my handbag at home.A. missedB. left C. put

21、D. forgotten) 13. He is listening to the musicshe is washing clothes.A. after B. beforeC. that D. while) 14. It takes time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less ) 15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser? Sorry, I haven t. Why _ you ask Mary? Perhaps she s got one.A. do B. don t C. didD. didn tA. Your teacher won t let you in.B. He said I couldn t stay outlate.C. I was doing my homework.D. No, they won t. Everyone will have a credit card.E. You should listen to some二 . 選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z。1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? 2. Will p