高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型及解題技巧完整版

1、閱讀理解題型及解題技巧整理整理ppt 閱讀體裁閱讀體裁 經(jīng)過(guò)多年的發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新，高考英經(jīng)過(guò)多年的發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新，高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的選材特點(diǎn)、命題特點(diǎn)以及語(yǔ)閱讀理解的選材特點(diǎn)、命題特點(diǎn)以及語(yǔ)篇的詞數(shù)都相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。閱讀理解文章語(yǔ)篇的詞數(shù)都相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。閱讀理解文章的語(yǔ)言材料一般都是原汁原味的英語(yǔ)文的語(yǔ)言材料一般都是原汁原味的英語(yǔ)文章，即章，即in English, about English(cultures，countries，etc.)。材料涉及內(nèi)容廣，選材方面突出環(huán)保、材料涉及內(nèi)容廣，選材方面突出環(huán)保、人物傳記、社會(huì)風(fēng)俗、大眾科普、廣告、人物傳記、社會(huì)風(fēng)俗、大眾科普、廣告、文學(xué)作品、時(shí)文報(bào)道等。（歷屆高

2、考體文學(xué)作品、時(shí)文報(bào)道等。（歷屆高考體裁）裁）整理整理ppt考向一事實(shí)認(rèn)定類(lèi)考向一事實(shí)認(rèn)定類(lèi)1特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題。等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題。2判斷是非的形式。含有判斷是非的形式。含有true/false，not true/false或或except等的判斷是非的等的判斷是非的問(wèn)題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，問(wèn)題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如如not，never等。等。3以以“according to.”開(kāi)頭的提問(wèn)形開(kāi)頭的提問(wèn)形式。式。4填空形式。填空形式。常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式

3、有：常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式有：7. Which of the following is true/false except? 8. Which of the following is mentioned except整理整理pptJack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally il

4、l and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.整理整理ppt考向二數(shù)字計(jì)算類(lèi)考向二數(shù)字計(jì)算類(lèi) 數(shù)字計(jì)算題可涉及年代、人物年齡、數(shù)字計(jì)算題可涉及年代、人物年齡、需付錢(qián)數(shù)等方面的數(shù)字計(jì)算。需付錢(qián)數(shù)等方面的數(shù)字計(jì)算。整理整理ppt考向三順序排

5、列類(lèi)考向三順序排列類(lèi) 排列順序類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查形排列順序類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查形式是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí)，然式是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí)，然后要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的事后要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序。實(shí)進(jìn)行排序。整理整理ppt考查考生整理整理ppt如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題 做此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，可利用文中主要信息來(lái)把握做此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，可利用文中主要信息來(lái)把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標(biāo)文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，任

6、何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開(kāi)的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。整理整理ppt整理整理ppt整理整理ppt整理整理ppt整理整理pptsample 1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious

7、 and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harm

8、ful. Is it worth it?整理整理ppt整理整理ppt整理整理ppt整理整理pptsample 4 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try

9、 to judge a person only by his appearance整理整理pptsample 5Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at th

10、e same time.整理整理ppt整理整理ppt sample 6 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assis

11、tant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs carefu

12、l consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale (detail)(detail)(detail)整理整理ppt整理整理ppt整理整理ppt sample 8 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his g

13、raduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at

14、Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail整理整理pptTypes

15、Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicInformation wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso, therefore,整理整理ppt特別注意：特別注意：文章中的文章中的but, however, as a result, therefore等詞。它們通常是引出中心主等詞。它們通常是引出中心主旨的方向詞。而旨的方向詞。而for example, first, or to begin with等是引出細(xì)節(jié)的

16、信息詞，等是引出細(xì)節(jié)的信息詞，在它們之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。在它們之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。整理整理ppt Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(讀寫(xiě)能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginni

17、ng reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public

18、 Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November

19、the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was s

20、o successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.Example and success of the program整理整理pptHow to get the main idea of a passage?整理整理ppt Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skill

21、s(讀寫(xiě)能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the countr

22、y to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in

23、 a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon

24、classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.Example and success of the program59. What

25、 is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.整理整理pptd e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea 詞義猜測(cè)題著重考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文詞義猜測(cè)題著重考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的能力，這也是一個(gè)從猜測(cè)詞義的能力，這也是一個(gè)從“已知已知”得出得出“未知未知”的過(guò)程，即利用上下文的已的過(guò)程

26、，即利用上下文的已知部分知部分(尤其是該詞或短語(yǔ)前后的句子尤其是該詞或短語(yǔ)前后的句子)進(jìn)進(jìn)行推理，有時(shí)還需要依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜行推理，有時(shí)還需要依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。測(cè)詞義。整理整理ppt 1. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? 2. The underlined word in the second paragraph means“_” 3. The word“it/they” in the last sentence refer

27、s to“_” 4. What does the phrase “_”in Paragraph 1 mean? 5. The underlined word“_” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by“_”根據(jù)解釋確定詞義根據(jù)解釋確定詞義技巧技巧 1技巧技巧 2技巧技巧 3不知疲倦的不知疲倦的技巧技巧 4技巧技巧 4整理整理ppt技巧技巧 5技巧技巧 6技巧技巧常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式:1. It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _2.The passage suggests/implies

28、 that _3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means _4. We can conclude that_.5. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that_.6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?辨認(rèn)三種作者使用的表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)的詞辨認(rèn)三種作者使用的表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。貶義：貶義：dis

29、gust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment褒義褒義: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring中立中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, disinterested, Definition2. 議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)小試身手：6 1. Magellans men were the first to make the trip

30、around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. 2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more

31、 than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. Hi

32、s men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. 3. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world an

33、d that our earth is but a huge ball. 1. Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world . 2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519,

34、he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of h

35、unger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they retu

36、rned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.1. time2. ships and people3. route4. Sufferingsand difficultiesa. Lack of food and freshwaterb. Hunger and diseases c. DeathsThe process of Magellans long difficult voyage5. success 3. Magellans voyage proved that men could sai

37、l around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round. Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20,

38、1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them die

39、d of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Goed Hope. By the time the

40、y returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Para 1: Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world .Para 2: The process of Magellans long difficult voyagePara

41、3: Magellans voyage proved the earth is round.Magellans voyage6 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and

42、 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even ha

43、d to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,152

44、1, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Magellans death B. Going Around The World C. The World Is Round D. Magellans Voyage

45、(too narrow)(too narrow)(too broad)(proper)遵循遵循 四字原則四字原則:用精煉的語(yǔ)言概括出文章的中心思想用精煉的語(yǔ)言概括出文章的中心思想要注意文章的內(nèi)涵和外延要注意文章的內(nèi)涵和外延, 把作者的觀點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確地把作者的觀點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出來(lái)表達(dá)出來(lái). 要排除掉那些片面的選項(xiàng)要排除掉那些片面的選項(xiàng), 選取包含文章的主要選取包含文章的主要內(nèi)容及作者觀點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容及作者觀點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng), 范圍不宜過(guò)大或過(guò)小范圍不宜過(guò)大或過(guò)小.所選擇的標(biāo)題要新穎所選擇的標(biāo)題要新穎,對(duì)讀者有吸引力對(duì)讀者有吸引力, 能激發(fā)讀能激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣者的閱讀興趣.應(yīng)試技巧應(yīng)試技巧 1.主題句的特點(diǎn)主題句

46、的特點(diǎn) 主題句所表達(dá)的意思具有概括性主題句所表達(dá)的意思具有概括性句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單明了句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單明了, 作者一般不會(huì)作者一般不會(huì)采用長(zhǎng)句或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子作為文采用長(zhǎng)句或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子作為文章的主題句章的主題句 文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步解釋句的進(jìn)一步解釋,說(shuō)明說(shuō)明,論證或擴(kuò)展論證或擴(kuò)展. 一一.文首找主題句文首找主題句,提煉文章標(biāo)題提煉文章標(biāo)題 新聞報(bào)道新聞報(bào)道, 說(shuō)明文說(shuō)明文,議論文議論文二二: 文尾找主題句文尾找主題句, 提煉標(biāo)題或歸納大意提煉標(biāo)題或歸納大意.議論文議論文 總總-分分-總總?cè)? 首尾呼應(yīng)展現(xiàn)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)展現(xiàn)主題句, 瞻前顧后歸納大

47、意瞻前顧后歸納大意.四四: 整合每一段的主題句整合每一段的主題句,歸納大意歸納大意五五: 從段落中從段落中歸納要點(diǎn)歸納要點(diǎn)抓大意抓大意. 有些文章或段落無(wú)明顯的主題句有些文章或段落無(wú)明顯的主題句, 只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題題. 這就要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的這就要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí)事實(shí)或提供的或提供的線索線索來(lái)概括總結(jié)主旨大意來(lái)概括總結(jié)主旨大意2. 主題句的位置主題句的位置 3. 選項(xiàng)分析選項(xiàng)分析正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語(yǔ)含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語(yǔ). 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 含有含有approach, concept, ch

48、ance, opportunity, various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等詞的選等詞的選項(xiàng)一般是正確選項(xiàng)項(xiàng)一般是正確選項(xiàng). 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中往往有一個(gè)是正確選項(xiàng)中往往有一個(gè)是正確選項(xiàng) 那些概括全文那些概括全文, 內(nèi)容全面內(nèi)容全面, 含義深刻含義深刻, 說(shuō)明道理說(shuō)明道理的選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)的選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng), 而選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容片面而選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容片面, 單一的單一的內(nèi)容一般是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容一般是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng). 錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤

49、選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) 以偏概全以偏概全. 只是局部信息只是局部信息, 或是一句沒(méi)或是一句沒(méi)有展開(kāi)論述的話有展開(kāi)論述的話. 過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)過(guò)于籠統(tǒng). 即歸納的主題太泛即歸納的主題太泛, 與細(xì)節(jié)與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒(méi)有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論述脫節(jié)或是沒(méi)有對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論述. 把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加與作者把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加與作者. 讀者往往根據(jù)自己讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見(jiàn)解的見(jiàn)解. 無(wú)關(guān)信息無(wú)關(guān)信息, 既在文章中沒(méi)有提到或找不既在文章中沒(méi)有提到或找不到語(yǔ)言依據(jù)的信息到語(yǔ)言依據(jù)的信息 從前面所述可知，查找主旨、標(biāo)題時(shí)，我們要學(xué)習(xí)識(shí)從前面所述可知，查找主旨、標(biāo)題時(shí)，我們要學(xué)習(xí)識(shí)別文章中最基本

50、別文章中最基本, 最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。括文中其它信息所具有的共性。 例例1：Choose the most general word.A) chemist B) physicist C) scientist D) biologist 該問(wèn)題要求找出最有概括力的詞。該問(wèn)題要求找出最有概括力的詞。C scientist 符合題意符合題意, 因?yàn)樗驗(yàn)樗死?chemist, physicist和和biologist, 而而A, B和和D 都指某一具體學(xué)都指某一具體學(xué)科的科學(xué)家科的科學(xué)家, 不能概括其他詞

51、。因此不能概括其他詞。因此, scientist 最具有概括性最具有概括性。 例例2：Choose the most general sentence. A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D) There are a number of

52、extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. A, C, D都是從不同的側(cè)面說(shuō)明旅館的服務(wù)情況都是從不同的側(cè)面說(shuō)明旅館的服務(wù)情況, 相互相互間并無(wú)聯(lián)系。而間并無(wú)聯(lián)系。而B(niǎo)卻概括了卻概括了A, C, D共性的東西共性的東西, 即：為什即：為什么旅客在這家旅館里有賓至如歸的感覺(jué)。因此么旅客在這家旅館里有賓至如歸的感覺(jué)。因此, B符合題符合題意。倘若在一段文章里包含了以上意。倘若在一段文章里包含了以上A, B, C, D 幾條信息幾條信息, 那么那么 B 就是本段的中心思想。同樣就是本段的中心思想。同樣, 如果在一段文

53、章中如果在一段文章中, 作者分幾段來(lái)敘述幾方面的內(nèi)容作者分幾段來(lái)敘述幾方面的內(nèi)容, 那這些段落所要說(shuō)明的那這些段落所要說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題就是本文的中心思想。問(wèn)題就是本文的中心思想。 例例3：Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods i