初中英語同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的九種類型

1、初中英語同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的九種類型同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題是近幾年中考及初中三年期間英語的一個?？碱}型，其出題形式通常是同時給出兩個句子，第一句完整，第二句中設(shè)有幾處空格，要求填入適當?shù)脑~或詞組，使第二句的意思與第一句意思相同。它綜合考查學生的語法、詞匯、短語或習慣用語和句型結(jié)構(gòu)等知識，要求運用所學的詞匯、語法知識和句型結(jié)構(gòu)填寫句子，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、邏輯合理、語法知識無誤、意思與所給句子相同。通過對近幾年的中考英語試題中同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)中考英語同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題主要考查以下幾個方面： 1運用同義詞（組）進行轉(zhuǎn)換用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進行替換，注意轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句

2、子其他成分相適應。如：1. That day we could see flowers here and there. That day we could see flowers _.答案：everywhere解析：everywhere與here and there都表示“到處”。2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.The teacher always_ _the children well in the school.答案：looks after解析：take good care o

3、f與look afterwell都表示“好好照顧”。2運用反義詞（組）的否定式進行轉(zhuǎn)換即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達與原句相同的意思，主要考查學生對反義詞（詞組）的積累和換位思維的能力。如：1. Its clear that this visit is different from last time. Its clear that this visit is not the_ _last time. 答案：same as解析：be different from意為“與不同”；the same as意為“與相同”，其否定式與be different from同義。2. I t

4、hink wealth is less important than health. I _ think wealth is _ important than health.答案：為dont，more解析：less important的意思是“沒有（不及）重要”；more important的意思是“（比）更重要”，該結(jié)構(gòu)與not連用，則表示“不比更重要”。另外，有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用，而只需改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可構(gòu)成同義句。如：He lent some money to his friend. He friend _ some money _ him.答案為borrowe

5、d，from解析：borrowfrom.意為“向借”；lendto.意為“把借給”。兩個結(jié)構(gòu)意思相反，但若變換“借出者”與“借入者”的位置，則可轉(zhuǎn)換為同義句。3運用不同語態(tài)進行轉(zhuǎn)換即運用主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的變化來轉(zhuǎn)換同義詞，但此時要特別注意時態(tài)、動詞一致性。如：1. Everyone should give back his library books on time. Library books should_ _ _ on time. 答案：be given back解析：被動句中含有情態(tài)動詞should，因此助動詞用be。2. It is widely accepte

6、d that more people use computers in the world today. It is widely accepted that computers _ widely _ in the world today. 答案為are，used解析：computers是復數(shù)名詞，助動詞用are。4非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換即非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞進行轉(zhuǎn)換，此時往往會涉及時態(tài)的變化。如：1. The manager left two hours ago. The manager _ _ _ for two hours.

7、0;答案:has been away解析：leave為非延續(xù)性動詞，不能與for two hours這樣的一段時間連用，而改成be away這樣的延續(xù)性動詞后，則可連用一段時間。2. The film began five minutes ago. The film has been _ _ five minutes.答案：on for解析：has been提示時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，“for 時間段”表示“持續(xù)（一段時間）”，常用在含有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句子里。3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.Mr Li _ _ _ the Party

8、for twenty years.答案：has been in解析：短暫動詞join，意為“參加、加入（組織，政黨）”，不能與延續(xù)時間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用時，將join改成be in或be a member in。5運用不同引語進行轉(zhuǎn)換即將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語或?qū)㈤g接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成直接引語。此時還要注意相關(guān)時態(tài)、人稱、動詞、狀語等相應的變化。如：1.“Ive found my wallet,” he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ his wallet.答案：told，had found解析：此題是將直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。2. “Did you see h

9、er last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _.答案：asked if/ whether, before解析：此題是將疑問句的直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。6簡單句與復合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換即將簡單句變成同義的復合句或?qū)秃暇渥兂赏x的簡單句。如：1. We didnt go out for a walk because it was raining. We didnt go out for a walk _ _ the rain.答案：because of解析：將原因狀語從句because it was raining改

10、為表示原因的介詞短語because of the rain。2. He was so excited that he couldnt go to sleep.He was _ _ _ go to sleep.答案：too excited to解析：將sothat換成tooto結(jié)構(gòu)，原句的that從句為結(jié)果狀語從句，改寫句中的不定式仍表結(jié)果。3. Now I will show you how to do the work. Now I will show you _ _ _ do the work.答案：how you can解析：即將原句中的“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句。4

11、. You should put them back after you use them. You should put them back _ _ them.答案：after using解析：即將after引導的狀語從句改寫為after引導的介詞短語。7并列句與復合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換即將并列句變成同義的復合句或?qū)秃暇渥兂赏x的并列句。如：1. Come on, or well miss the early bus.  _ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus. 答案為If，dont解析：if引導條件狀語從句。2. The

12、 man gave us a talk last week. He will give us another talk this week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ us another talk this week. 答案為who/ that，will give解析：who/ that gave us a talk last week為定語從句，修飾先行詞the man。8運用關(guān)聯(lián)連詞連接或合并句子即運用關(guān)聯(lián)連詞bothand，neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also等將兩個簡單句合并為

13、一個簡單句。此時要注意的是，bothand連接兩個主語時，謂語總是用復數(shù)，而neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞通常應與靠近的主語保持一致。如：1. Tom cant speak Japanese well and Jim cant, either._ Tom _ Jim can speak Japanese well. 答案：Neither，nor解析：neithernor表示“和（兩者）都不”，剛好與原句的兩個否定結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相吻合。2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read

14、 it, too. _ Alice _ Peter have read the book.答案：Both，and解析：bothand的意思是“和（兩者）都”。3. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes. 答案：not only，but also解析：not onlybut also表示“不僅而且”之意。9運用某些典型句式或結(jié)構(gòu)進行轉(zhuǎn)換這類典型結(jié)構(gòu)如sothat，tooto，enough to，notuntil，so do I 等。如：1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boa