高中英語句子成分分析直接打印版

1、句子成分（Members of a Sentence）什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組 成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種， 即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有七種：主 語 （subject）、1 胃語 （predicate）、表語 （predicative）、賓語 （object）、 定語（attribute） 狀語（adverbial）和補(bǔ)語（complemen。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握

2、各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一：S V （主 + 謂）二：S V P （主+系+表）三：S V O （主+謂+賓）四：S V o O （主+謂+間賓+直賓）五：S V O C （主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）基本句型一：s V （主+謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如 boy）,主格代詞（如you）, 動詞不定式，動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞 不分家！謂語：謂語由動詞構(gòu)成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞（vi.）沒有賓語，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，女口： We come. 此句型的句子有一個共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的 意思。這類動詞叫

3、做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從 句等。S | V （不及物動詞）1. The sun | was shining.太陽在照耀著。2. The moon | rose.月亮升起了。The universe | remains.宇宙長存。管它呢？他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系 他們談了半個小時。 這支筆書寫流利。3. We all | breathe, eat, and drink.我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。4. Who | cares?5. What he said | does not matter.6. They | talked for half an hour.7. The pen

4、| writes smoothly基本句型二：S V P （主+系+表）此句型的句子有一個共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完 整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類： be, look, keep, seem屬一類，表示情況； get, grow, become, turn 等屬另一類， 表示變化。be本身沒有什么意義，只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系 動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作聯(lián)系動詞：look well/面色好,sound niceW起來不錯,feel good憾覺好，smell bad灘聞S |

5、 V （是系動詞）丨P1. This | is | an English-Chinese dictionary 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner | smells | good.午餐的氣味很好。3. He | fell | in love.他墮入了情網(wǎng)。4. Everything | looks | different.一切看來都不同了。5. He | is growing | tall and strong.他長得又高又壯6. The trouble | is | that they are short of money.麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙?錢。7. Our well | has g

6、one | dry.我們井干枯了。8. His face | turned | red.他的臉紅了。There be結(jié)構(gòu)：There be表示存在有。這里的there沒有實(shí)際 意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示（存在）有某事物試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個男孩。）/前一個there無 實(shí)意，后一個there為副詞那里0基本句型三：s V O （主+謂+賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的 動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者， 才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般

7、同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是 代詞賓格，如: me, him, them 等s | V （及物動詞）丨O1. Who | knows | the answer?誰知道答案？2. She | smiled | her thanks.她微笑表示感謝。3. He | has refused | to help them.他拒絕幫他們。4. He | enjoys | reading.他喜歡看書。5. They | ate | what was left over.他們吃了剩飯。6. He | said | Good morning.他說：早上好！7. I | want | to ha

8、ve a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。8. He | admits | that he was mistaken.他承認(rèn)犯了錯誤。基本句型四：S V o O（主+謂+間賓+直賓）有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，女口： give給，pass遞，bring帶， show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直 接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞釉~+間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如: Give me a cup of tea,please.強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序?yàn)椋簞釉~ +直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。女口：Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接賓語為人

9、稱代詞：動詞+代詞直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。女口：Bring it to me,please.S | V （及物）丨o （多指人）丨O （多指物）1. She | ordered | herself | an ew dress.她給自己定了 一套新衣裳。2. She | cooked | her husband | a delicious meal.她給丈夫煮了一頓 美餐。3. He I brought | you | a dictionary.他給你帶來了一本字典。4. He | denies | her | nothing.他對她什么都不拒絕。5. I | showed | him | m

10、y pictures.我給他看我的照片6. I I gave | my car | a wash.我洗了我的汽車。7. I I told | him | that the bus was late.我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。8. He | showed | me | how to run the machine.他教我開機(jī)器。基本句型五：S V O C（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個 賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語， 才能 使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)

11、合賓語。名詞/代詞賓格+名詞The war made him a soldier戯爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士 .名詞/代詞賓格+形容詞New methods make the job eas師方法使這項工作變得輕松.名詞/代詞賓格+介詞短語I often find him at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.名詞/代詞賓格+動詞不定式The teacherask the students to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生彳關(guān)上窗 戶.名詞/代詞賓格+分詞I saw a cat running across the roac;看見一只貓跑過了馬路 .s | V （及物）丨O （賓

12、語）丨C （賓補(bǔ)）1. They | appointed | him | manager.他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。2. They | painted | the door | green.他們把門漆成綠色3. This | set | them | thinking.這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。4. They | found | the house | deserted.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。5. What I makes | him | think so?他怎么會這樣想？6. We I saw | him | out.我們送他出去7. He | asked | me | to come back so

13、 on.他要我早點(diǎn)回來。8. I I saw | them | getting on the bus.我看見他們上了那輛公共汽 車。但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡短， 這些句子除了基本 句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副 詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語 和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語一、 定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修 飾 some,anyeveryno 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時，

14、（女口： something、nothing）； 或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時，則定語通常置后。副詞用 作定語時須放在名詞之后。形容詞作定語：The little boy needs a blue pen.（little修飾名詞 boy; blue 修飾名詞 pen.） / 小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。Tom is a handsome bQ/Tom 是個英俊的男孩。There is a good boy有個乖男孩。數(shù)詞作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞：Two boys need two pens兩個男孩需要兩支鋼筆。The two boys are students這兩個男孩是學(xué)生。There a

15、re two boys in the room膀間里有兩個男孩。代詞或名詞所有格作定語：His boy needs TomVs pen他的男孩需要 Tom的鋼筆。His name is Tom.他的名字是湯姆。There are two boys of Toms there那兒有 Tom 家的兩個男孩。介詞短語作定語：The boy in the classroom needs a pen ofyours.徽室里的男孩需要你的一 支鋼筆。The boy in blue is Tom.穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10育兩個 9

16、 歲的，三個 10 歲的男孩。 名詞作定語：The boy needs a ball pen男孩需要一支圓珠筆。It is a ball penM是一支圓珠筆。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。副詞作定語：The boy there needs a per兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。The best boy here is Tomii里最棒的男孩是 Tom。不定式作定語：The boy to write this letter needs a pen窮這圭寸信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。The boy to write thi

17、s letter is Tom.將要寫這圭寸信的男孩是湯姆。There is nothing to do toda今天無事要做。分詞（短語）作定語：The smiling boy needsa pen bought by his mother.娜個微笑的男孩需要 一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。The pen bought by her is made in China她買的筆是中國產(chǎn)的。There are five boys left.有五個留下的男孩。定語從句：The boy who is reading needs the perwhich you bought yesterday/那個在 閱讀的男

18、孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。The boy you will know is Tom./你將認(rèn)識的男孩叫湯姆。There are five boys who will play the game.參力卩游戲的男孩有五個。二、狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之 后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前； 表示時間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放在句首，地 點(diǎn)狀語一般須在時間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程 度（如：almost）

19、的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后， 動詞之前。有時狀語在句中的某個位置會引起歧義， 應(yīng)注意，女0: The boy calls the girl in the classroom般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩 （此時in the classroom為girl的定語），也可以理解為男孩在教室里喊女孩（此 時 in the classroom 為地點(diǎn)狀語），最好寫作In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.V副詞（短語）作狀語：The boy needs a pen very much孩非常需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語） The boy needsve

20、ry much the pen bought by his mother.開孩非常需要他 母親買的那支鋼筆。（賓語較長則狀語前置）The boy really needs a pen男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語）The boy needsa pen now./Now,the boy needsa pen ./The boy, now,needsa pen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時間狀語）介詞短語作狀語：In the classroom,the boyneeds a pen.在教室里，男孩 需要一支鋼筆。（地點(diǎn)狀語）Before his mother,Tom is always a bo

21、y./在母親面前，湯姆總是一個男孩 子（條件狀語）On Sun days,there is no stude nt in the classroom./B 期天,教室里沒有學(xué) 生.（時間狀語）分詞（短語）作狀語：He sits there,asking for a pen他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè)， 男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly （因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無聲地坐在那 兒。（原因狀語）不定式作狀語：Th

22、e boy needsa pen to do his homework.傍孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的狀語）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes/ery interested in business.偽 實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想，湯姆變得對商業(yè)很有興趣名詞作狀語：Come this way!徒這條路！（方向狀語）狀語從句：時間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀 語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句二、同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。女口：We students should st

23、udy hard. / （student we 的同位語，都是指同一批學(xué)生）We all are students. / （al是we的同位語，都指同樣的我們）四、獨(dú)立成分：有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨(dú)立成分（注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）0感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah#。冃疋訶yes否定詞no稱呼語：稱呼人的用語。插入語：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。如:The story I thin k,has n ever come to the en d.我相信，這個故事還遠(yuǎn)沒結(jié) 束.情態(tài)詞，表示說話人的語氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語）：per

24、haps也 許,maybe大概,acturely實(shí)際上certainly當(dāng)然，等。五、分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致！ 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例：錯句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正確：（1） Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 （2）If you study hard,your score will go up.解析：錯句中分詞studying沒有自帶邏輯主語，則其邏輯主語就是句子 的主語，既your score .顯然做study的應(yīng)是人，不應(yīng)是 y

25、our score （分 數(shù)）.正確句 更正了句子的主語，使其與分詞邏輯主語一致（同為you ）;正確句（2）則使用條件分句帶出study的主語,（不過已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)*勾了）.分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略 being,having been不過There being.的 場合不能省略如：Game （being） over,he went home.He stands there,book （being） in hand.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用 with without 弓丨導(dǎo)， 作狀語或定語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、 介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。如：With nothing to do,he

26、 fell asleep soon無事可做，他很快就睡著了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nos影師進(jìn)來了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）句子成分練習(xí)題（一）（一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4分，4分鐘） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man comi ng here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

27、 To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.（二）選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分，10分鐘）I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dontB. likeC. pictureD. wall2） The days get Ion ger and Ion ger when summer comes.A. getB. IongerC. days D. summer5A. dontB. likeC. pictureD. wall#A. dontB. likeC. picture

28、D. wall3） Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus There will be a meeti ng at the library this after noon.A. will be B. meetingC. the library D. afternoon#A. dontB. likeC. pictureD. wallDid the twins have porridge for their breakfast?#A. dontB. likeC. pictureD. wall#A. dontB. li

29、keC. pictureD. wallA.DidB. twinsC. have D. breakfast#A. dontB. likeC. pictureD. wall Tom didnt do his homework yesterdayD. his homeworkA. TomB. didntC. do What I want to tell you is this.D. isA. wantB. to tellC. you We had better send for a doctor.C. send D. doctorD. musicA. We B. had He is interest

30、ed in music.A. isB. interestedC. in Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.didC. whom D. book（三）挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）My brother has nt done his homework.# People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? I am waiti

31、ng for the sound of the other shoe!（六） 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語（ 6分， 6 分鐘） She likes the children to read newspapers and books intheSome of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? reading-room.6 The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across

32、 the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.（四）挑出下列句中的表語（ 5 分， 5 分鐘） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became intereste

33、d in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.（五）挑出下列句中的定語（ 6 分，6分鐘） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. He asked her to take the b

34、oy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?（七） 挑出下列句中的狀語（ 8 分， 8 分鐘） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn

35、English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.（八）

36、 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（ 5 分， 5 分鐘） Please tell us a stor.y My father bought a new bike for me last week.（一 teacher man dictionary To do（二妙BACAC CDcAA（三） homework. English. attentionwords to goswimming he was ill. him monitor bridgemuseumitschool. whoFather Christ masreally is.（四 tired. worried yellow. inte

37、rested the first（五 fam ily given thirdsom e downstairs of theother shoe!（六 to read n ewspapers and books to take the boy difficult Lily get on the bus playing football（七） on her face. Every night when he was eleven. too fast. With the medicine box under her arm because Mr Li is going to teach us his

38、tory next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?答案Tom,間接賓語it,直接賓語 me,間接賓語 message,直接賓語句子成分練習(xí)題（二）指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：.Whether welldeoend on the weather .she loves books. if you ve lost it to see the other machine.（八） us,間接賓語a story,直接賓語 me，間接賓語 a new bike,直接賓語 us，間接賓語 histo

39、ry,直 接賓語2. People s standards of livre （going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nu rsery takes good care of our children .5.1 ll return the botskyou tomorrow .6. We are sure that we shall succeed .7. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8. There are many film that I d

40、 like to see.9. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking 10have a lot of work to do .11. Anyway I won t stop you from doing it .12. I said it in fun .13. We can send a car over to fetch you .14. She had to work standing up .15. Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16. Much inter

41、ested , he agreed to give it a try .17. The bus arrived ten minutes late .We should serve the people heart and soul.1018. Spring coming on , the tree turned green .19. Some farmers saw someth in g strange in the sky .20. We think it necessary that every one should atte nd the meeti ng .21. It s stra

42、rthet she doesn t come today .22. It was in the library that I come today .23. He likes drawing at times when he isn t working .24. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.句子成分練習(xí)題（三）A1、six years since I began to study English.A. It is B. I have bee n C. There are D. It was2、in the ro

43、om at that time.A. Nobody was B. Some one were C. Who is D. He are3、ITS very noisy outside.is going on?A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where4、 in En glish in class every day is importa nt.A. Speak B. Talking C. Saying D. To tell5、There must benear the factory.A. a book store B. book store C. books store

44、D. books stores6 、 Although its raining hard,are still working in the fields.A. but they B. and they C. they D. since theyB1、The doctor as well as the nu rsesgreat concern for thepatie nts.A. show B. shows C. have show n D. are show ing2、Your son must be a clever boy,he?A. is B. is nt C. must D. mus

45、t nt3、 The computer cen ter,last year, is very popular amongstudents in this school.A. ope n B. ope ningC. ope ned D. being ope ned4、Igo to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home.A. must nt B. had to C. cant D. need nt5 、 Dontexcited.A. get B. is C. seem D. look6 This roomevery morning.A

46、. is clea ning B. is clea ned C. clea ns D. clea ningC1、Glad to meet you!is your full n ame?A. What B. Where C. How D. Who2、He isto lift the heavy box.A. too weak B. weak tooC. eno ugh weak D. weak eno ugh123、The days are _ warmer and warmer in spring.A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going4 、 His

47、 job isEnglish.A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches 5 、 Two balls are_.A. under the desk B. in the wall C. to here D. at desksD1 、 We should get ready_ others.A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with 2、 _interesting work we are doing?A. What a B. How C. What D. What an 3、 I want_ a teacher wh

48、en I grow up (-fx;fc).A. to be B. to C. be D. being4、-Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?-I dont think so. To be honest, I really dont feel like_on a picnic.A. going B. to go C. go D. went5 Do you know_?A. where does he live B. where he livesC. where he live D. if where he lives6 Let do

49、it again.A. I B. me C. he D. she7 I dont know_.A. how to do B. what to do C. where to do D. when to doE1、I saw him _ basketball with Jack an hour ago.A. plays B. to play C. played D. play o2、Sorry, weve kept you_ for a long time.A. waited B. sing C. stand D. waiting3 、 The teacher told us late again.A. arent be B. dont be C. not to be D. not be4 、 We find the room very_.A. warm B. warmly C.