【高中英語(yǔ)教材知識(shí)梳理】選修八Unit2

1、Unit 2 Cloningart 1輸人必備知識(shí)詞句通關(guān). 語(yǔ)基程管.NoJ狂背單詞7/I單詞語(yǔ)境記憶1.cast on line votes 網(wǎng)上投票2.the moral of the story這個(gè)故事的寓意3.follow the proceduresstrictly 嚴(yán)格遵循程序4.forbid him from drinking 不準(zhǔn)他喝酒5.undertake the work for the time being 目前承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作6.the powerful media 強(qiáng)大的媒體7.the completely arbitrary choice 完全任意的選擇8.a bre

2、akthrough in cancer research 癌癥研究的突破9.adore film stars 崇拜影星10. the drawback to living on a main road 居住在大路旁的不利條件n.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換與派生記憶1.twin n.雙胞胎之一；孿生兒之一adj.成對(duì)的；成雙的2.bother vt 打擾 vi.操心n.煩擾3.strike vi.& vt.打；撞擊；罷工n.罷工4.differ vi.不同；相異different adj.不同的differenee n.差異5.exact adj.精確的；準(zhǔn)確的exactly adv.準(zhǔn)確地mercial

3、 adj.商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的commerce n.商業(yè)；貿(mào)易7.merely adv.僅；只；不過(guò)mere adj.僅僅的8.correct ion n. 改正；纟片正； 修正 correct adj.正確的 v. 改正9.object vi.反對(duì)；不贊成objection n.不贊成；反對(duì)；異議10. accumulate vt.& vi.積累；聚積accumulation n.積累；增加11.retire vi.退休；離開(kāi)retirement n.退休；弓 I 退12.assumption n. 假定； 設(shè)想 assume vt.假定； 設(shè)想13. regulation n.規(guī)則；規(guī)章

4、；法規(guī)regulate vt.調(diào)節(jié)；管理14. popularity n.受人喜愛(ài)；流行popular adj.流行的；通俗的15. resist vt.抵抗； 對(duì)抗resista nee n. 抵抗； 對(duì)抗resista nt adj.有抵抗力的； 抵制的16.deeoration n. 裝飾； 裝修 decorate v .裝飾； 裝修17.reasonable adj.合情理的；講道理的reason n.原因；道理川.單詞趣味串記1. His theory is very straightforward while hers is quite complicated. 他的理論很簡(jiǎn)單，然

5、而她的理論相當(dāng)復(fù)雜。2. The man with thiek glassesoperatesthe opera. 戴著高度近視鏡的那個(gè)男子經(jīng)營(yíng)著這家歌劇院。3. There were severa loaves of bread on the ground covered with falle n leaves 地上有幾條面包，上面覆蓋著落葉。聯(lián)想記憶1. “動(dòng)詞副詞 ”構(gòu)成的合成名詞1drawback缺點(diǎn)2breakdown 崩潰；故障3farewell 告別4feedback 反饋5set- up 計(jì)劃；組織6break up 分手；中斷2. 含詞根一 sist 的詞集錦1resist

6、v. 抵抗2in sist v.堅(jiān)持3persist v. 堅(jiān)持4assist v. 協(xié)助5assistant n. 助手6eonsist vi. 由. 組成3.表示“反對(duì)；拒絕”的詞薈萃1agai nstprep.反對(duì)2oppose v. 反對(duì)3object vi.反對(duì)4disagree vi. 不同意5reject vt. 拒絕6refuse v. 拒絕4.“完全地”完全掌握1altogether 總共；完全地2en tirely 徹底地，完全地3completely 完全地；圓滿(mǎn)地，全面地4totally 完全地；總共5wholly adv.完全地5. ance 結(jié)尾的名詞薈萃1acqu

7、aintance 熟人； 相識(shí)的人2assistanee 援助；協(xié)助3performanee 表演；演奏4resista nee 抵抗； 對(duì)抗5relianee 信賴(lài)；依賴(lài)6guidanee 指導(dǎo)NO.2NO.2狂背短語(yǔ) /短語(yǔ)背誦1. pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清2.cast down 使失望；使沮喪3.object to 反對(duì)4.in favour of 贊成； 支持5. (be) bound to (do). 一定或注定(做)6.o one s 使 eart 刻骨銘心7. from time to time 不時(shí)； 偶爾8.bring back to l

8、ife 使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活9.in vain 白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)10. in good/poor condition 狀況好/壞；情況好 /壞詞塊積累1.growing plants 生長(zhǎng)著的植物2.natural clones 自然克隆3.new plant species 新植物物種4.the disturbing news 令人不安的消息5.become seriously ill 患重病6.cloned animals 克隆的動(dòng)物7.raise a storm of objections 引起了一陣強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)8.open everybody s eyes 開(kāi)了人們的眼界9.a mixtur

9、e of fear and excitement 既興奮又恐懼10. resist that disease 抵抗疾病NO3 狂背句式1.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.克隆 植物簡(jiǎn)單，而克隆動(dòng)物非常復(fù)雜。2.Then came the disturb ing n ews that Dolly had become seriously ill 接 著傳來(lái)了多莉病重的壞消息。3.Did she die young because she was a clor?它死得早，因?yàn)樗?/p>

10、克隆羊嗎？4.Diversity in a group means having animalswith their genes arranged in differentways種群多樣性是指種群中動(dòng)物的基因以不同的方式排列。5.The advantage is thatif there is a new illness some of these animals may di,butothers will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，如果發(fā)生了某種新的

11、疾病，這類(lèi)動(dòng)物中的一些可能會(huì)死掉，但是另外 一些卻能存活下來(lái)，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。 移背落實(shí)I.單詞拼寫(xiě)1. We are supposed to undertake (承擔(dān))the resp on sibility to lead a low carb onlifestyle, which is of great significanee.2. With medical breakthrough 突破),people are livi ng a healthier and Ion ger life.3. As is well known to all, there are altog

12、ether總、共)seven continents in the world.4. Nowadays, energy can be obtained 獲得 )through various sources such as ojl coal,natural gas, solar hea, the wind and ocean tides.5. Our school is a non-smoking school.So smoking is forbidden 禁止)here.6. So I have no choice but to bother 打擾)you to correct my mis

13、takes in the materialI attach to the letter.7. But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own drawbacks (缺點(diǎn))which shouldnot be n eglected.8. When asked about the secret of his successhe owed 歸功于)it to his parents.9. I regret to inform you that we are unable 不能的)to offer you employment.10. Mo

14、ral (道德的)scienee is taught as a subject in most schools but with little effect.n.詞性變化練習(xí)1. Her advice sounds reasonable (reason) and we should take it into consideration.2. I did n t say that I wan ted to buy it buterely (mere) asked for the price.3. We had our furniture moved to the new house when t

15、he decoration (decorate) of thehouse was fini shed.4. From the appearanee we can not tell the differences (differ)between the twins.5. Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it,while his father objected to it.(object)6.Don tassume that you are a princess and stop

16、 living in assumptions anymore.(assume)7. The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge.And it alsomeans accumulating intelligenee as well as abilities.(accumulate)8. Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of smartphones for so many interesti ng things in them make anyone

17、 tryi ng to be resistant to them fin ally give up theirresistance (resist)川選詞填空pay off, cast down, object to, be bound to, strike.nto one brihgaifeck to life, in vain,in poor condition1. The house really is in poor condition it would cost far too much to repair.2. Keep on working hard like this , an

18、d your research is bound_to obtain greatsuccess.3.Si nee George heard of his failure in the exan, he has bee n very cast down.4. His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain because no one showed anyinten ti on to take a cent out of their pockets.5. Mountain Tai struck its beauty into_her

19、 heartand she decided to visit it aga in the next year.6. She made it clear that she objected_to the propogalforit was useless.7. In ancient times, people believed that they could be after death.8. The athlete s years of hard trairrniagi _off whe n she fin ally won the Olympic goldmedal.IV .補(bǔ)全句子1. S

20、he is very diligent, while, he_is lazy. 她很勤奮，而他很懶。2. Then came the exciting news_that our team won the game.然后傳來(lái)了令人興奮的消息，我們隊(duì)贏得了比賽。3. The children rushed to the fron, excited _and happy孩子們又激動(dòng)又欣喜地跑到了前面。4. With al! the work finished, she has time to go shopping.所有工作都完成了，她有時(shí)間去購(gòu)物了。5. My suggestion_is tha

21、t if it rains tomorrow we had better go to the library. 我的建議是，如果明天下雨，我們最好去圖書(shū)館。P_art 2|掌握核心型出分層突破人d1 1核心要點(diǎn)突破1. differ vi.不同；相異brought _back _to一life(1).differ from = be different from 與不同differ in = be differe nt in 在.方面不同(2) differe nee n. 不同；區(qū)別make a differenee 有影響；重要，要緊單句語(yǔ)法填空1Even though we comple

22、tely differ from each other jn character, we are stillgreat frie nds.2On ly if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low carb on life can wemake a differenee.佳句背誦However, I think that you will quickly adjust to them although theweather and the fooddiffer from yours.(天津高考滿(mǎn)分作文 )可是，我認(rèn)為你會(huì)很快適應(yīng)，

23、盡管天氣與食物都與你們那里不同。2. object vi.反對(duì)；不贊成 n.物體；目標(biāo)(1) object to sb/sth反對(duì)；不贊成某人/某事object to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事(2) objection n.反對(duì)；厭惡?jiǎn)尉湔Z(yǔ)法填空1We object to being blamed(blame) for something that we haven t done.2As far as I m concerriehave an objection (object) to charging for parking.佳句背誦Today, more and more En gl

24、ish words find their way in to the Chin eseIanguage.Some people support it while otherobject(江蘇高考滿(mǎn)分作文 )現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的英語(yǔ)詞匯出現(xiàn)在漢語(yǔ)中，(對(duì)于這種現(xiàn)象)有些人支持，然而有些人反對(duì)。3. forbid vt(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止；不準(zhǔn)forbid doing sth 禁止做某事forbid sb to do sth forbidsb from doing sth單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1I hope that our gover nment will do

25、 someth ing to forbid sett in g(set)offfireworks.There are quite a lot more ways to celebrate the festivals after all.2The heavy rain forbade us from going out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.3把改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)The heavy rain forbidding us to go outwe had to stay at home aimlessly.佳句背誦Forbidding us stud

26、entsto go out of the campus has raised a storm ofobject ions.禁止我們學(xué)生走出校園引起了一陣反對(duì)的浪潮。名師指津forbid 后不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但可直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),也可用 forbid sb to do sth 形式，有類(lèi)似用法的單詞還有：allow, permit, advise等。4.owe vt 欠(賬、錢(qián)、人情等)；歸功于.；應(yīng)感謝(1) owe sb sth= owe sth to sb 欠某人某物owe.to.把. 歸功于owe it to sb that.多虧某人(3) owi ng to 因?yàn)?；由?單

27、句語(yǔ)法填空/補(bǔ)全句子1I owe jt to you that I have made great progress in my English.2I must say I owe_al|_the二achievements_o the encouragement and help frommy colleagues and frie nds.我必須說(shuō)我的所有成就都應(yīng)歸功于我的同事和朋友們的鼓勵(lì)和幫助佳句背誦Owing to the huma n beings destructive in flue nee, the nu mber of thisprecious species has pro

28、mptly dropped to less than 10 陜西高考書(shū)面表達(dá) )由于人類(lèi)破壞性的影響，這種稀有物種的數(shù)量已經(jīng)迅速降至不足100 頭。禁止某人做某事5. bother vt 打擾 vi.操心n.煩擾；令人煩惱的事或人bother to do/doi ng sth費(fèi)心做某事It bothers sb that/to do sth 使某人苦惱的是（2）put sb to any bother 給某人添亂一句多譯一直沒(méi)有對(duì)他講真話，這讓我很苦惱。f It_bothers me_not to have told him the truth.f It_bothers _me _thatI

29、haven t told him the truth.fNot hav ing told him the truth put me_bother:佳句背誦What bothers me most is that he seems to show no interest in his study.最使我傷腦筋的是，他似乎對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)毫無(wú)興趣。6. pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；還清，償清；（付清工資后）解雇一詞多義寫(xiě)出句中 pay off 的含義1Eve ntually, our determ in atio n and patie nee paid offwe made great prog

30、ress inEn glish.得到好結(jié)果2What made him happy was that after all these years he at lastaid off all his debts.償清，還清3The bosspaid off the employee due to his bad man agemen 付清工資后）解雇pay back償還（欠款）;報(bào)復(fù)pay for 付.的錢(qián)；因.而受懲罰pay a visit to 參觀.； 看望.單句語(yǔ)法填空4I cfalso like to know how much I have to pay for the course

31、 and whetheraeeommodati on is in eluded.佳句背誦Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again（2017 天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá)）你能否再次參觀天津，以便于我們可以再次見(jiàn)面？名師指津pay off 當(dāng)“（努力、辛苦）取得好結(jié)果，得到回報(bào)”講時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng) 詞短語(yǔ)，在句中用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。7. in good/poor condition 狀況好/壞；情況好 /壞out of con diti on健康狀況欠佳worki ng/livi ng/studyi ng con di

32、ti ons 工作 / 生活 /學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境on condition that.在.條件下；倘若.on no condition 點(diǎn)也不；決不（放在句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序）補(bǔ)全句子1My grandmother takes exercise every day and she is in. good_ condition now. 我奶奶每天都鍛煉身體，她現(xiàn)在身體狀況很好。2You can keep the books for about 3 weeks on condition that you preserve them well.這些書(shū)你可以借三個(gè)禮拜，條件是你必須好好保存。3On no c

33、on diti on should you lose heart whe n you are in trouble.當(dāng)你處境危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，你決不能失去信心。佳句背誦They also say that once moved animals will have more space and betterliving conditionsin the suburbs.全國(guó) 川書(shū)面表達(dá)）他們說(shuō)一旦搬遷，在郊區(qū)動(dòng)物將會(huì)有更多的空間更好的生活環(huán)境。8. The advantage is that“優(yōu)勢(shì)是 ” ，that此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。The advantage is that if there is a n

34、ew illness some of these animals may die，butothers will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.教材原句）其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是如果發(fā)生某種新的疾病，這些動(dòng)物中的一些可能會(huì)死掉，但是另外一些 卻能存活下來(lái)，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。the chance is that. 有可能.the problem （of.） is that.（.的）問(wèn)題是.the strength （of.） is that.（ 的）優(yōu)勢(shì)是the drawback

35、 （to.） is that.（.的）缺點(diǎn)是.the disadva ntage （of.） is that.（的）不足是.1The advantage of con sumpti on rat ings is that the higher rati ng means the higher qualityof the product, or better service.（2018 江蘇高考滿(mǎn)分作文）消費(fèi)排名的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于其排名越高，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量越高或服務(wù)質(zhì)量越好。2The drawback to the popularity of cars is that it brings about so m

36、uch air polluti on.汽車(chē)普及的缺點(diǎn)是它帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的空氣污染。3It is possible that one smoker in four will die of lung cancer.f The chance_is that one smoker_in_ ur will_die_f lung cancer.g g 2 2考綱詞匯專(zhuān)練I.多義詞專(zhuān)練一一選擇語(yǔ)境中詞匯的含義1. altogetherA.總而言之（常作插入語(yǔ)）B. adv.完全地，全部地（相當(dāng)于 completely） C. adv.總共（表示總數(shù)或總額，多修飾數(shù)詞）1You owe me $68altoget

37、herC2The train went slower and slower un til it stoppedaltogetherB3The food was good and we loved the musiA Itogether it was a great eve ning_2. strikeA. v.迷住 B . v.突然想起 C. v.襲擊 D . v.報(bào)時(shí)E . n.罷工1The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake2That area wasstruck by a sno wstormQ3When the clo

38、ck strikes six, the children go home for dinner4They were on strike for higher paysEC. complicatedD. bound5As I watched them, an idea struck me.Bn.微閱讀一一寫(xiě)出黑體詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的詞性和詞義The media are con sta ntly expos ing food safety problems.Researchers, based on thedata attained, made a conservativeassumption that

39、 70% of the food consumers arevictims of harmful food.There are some people who can resistthe t temptation of becomingwealthy.They embark upon illegal activities merely to obta in commercial ben efits, without bothering to care about other people s safet y.I thi nk compulsory regulati ons on foodsaf

40、ety must be made and food producti on8procedures must be strictly monitored.We should object to any arbitrary cha nge of theregulati ons, forbiddi ng anyone to accumulate wealth in an immoral way.n.(pl.)媒介；手段；工具vt.獲得3adj.保守的 vt.抵抗5adv.僅；只； 不過(guò) vt.打擾； 費(fèi)心adi.必須做的；強(qiáng)制的 n.程序；步驟9adj.任意的 vt.積累；聚積川.微完形-根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選

41、出正確選項(xiàng)People differ greatly in cloning technique.Some people are _1_ its developme nt, forthey believe it will be 2_ to ben efit us. One of the adva ntages of cloning is that large quantitiesof _3 food can be produced to meet people s needs.Besides, we can also clone humanbody organs for medical use.

42、On the contrary, others stro ngly _4_it, feeli ng cast dow n tofind that it could raise a storm of _5_ questions.ln order to forbid the technique, they don t6_ to list as many disadvantages as possible.However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off onconditionthat all un dertake to use it properly.1.

43、A.i n favour ofB.owing toC. in vai nD.on strike2. A.straightforwardB.arbitrary3. A.identicalB .in itialC. commercial4. A.bother toD . resista ntB . object toC. pay forD . bring back5. A.moralB . twinC. compulsoryD . exact6. A.castB . botherC. attai nD . accumulate答案 1.A 2.D3.C 4.B 5.A6.BPart 3練實(shí)基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)

44、多維檢測(cè)i.在空白處填入1 個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式 一一熱考常考1. Seeing Tom in those funny clothes I was unable(able) to resist laughing.2. His parents tried to persuade him not to apply for the well paid job , but their efforts werejn vain.3. Though I left my hometown when I was only a child, from time to time I still thin

45、k of it.4.India attained(attain) independence in 1947 after decades of struggle.5. They agreed to go merely(mere) because they were getting paid for it.6.John had obtainedobtain) his parentspermission before he went abroad.7. Equipped with modern facilities, today s libraries differ greatfyom those

46、of the past.8. It indicates that your argument is based on a completely false assumption(assume)n.用所給詞的正確形式填空不規(guī)則變化1. The other day, he undertook(undertake) to finish the work, however difficult it might be.2. His hard work paid(pay) off when he got promoted.3. The fisherman_cast(cast) his net into t

47、he wateropened a book and waited patiently.4. These flowers have brought(bring) my dull room back to life in the past days.5. Our teacher .struck(strike) the importanee of safety into our hearts.So we were allcareful when crossing the street.6.Ever since tha, my doctor has forbidden(forbid) me to ea

48、t sugar.川改正下列句子中的唯一錯(cuò)誤 易錯(cuò)易混1.The authority strongly objects smoking in public places.objects 后加 to2 .Appare ntly , it is a perfectly reas on ably expla nati on for hisabse nce.reason ab 臚 reas on able3.Ask her a good many questions to make sure we know exact what she wan ts.exacHexactly4.I talked to

49、my nephew about it, and he was in the favour of going there with us. 去掉 the5.He will be able to make a life there short after that.shorshortly6 . The man couldn Resist show off his being hired by the big compa ny.show show ingIV .根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出加黑詞的正確含義一一熟詞生義A. seemed to B. attacked C. chosen1.This comb in a

50、ti on of heali ng myself and heali ng the world struck me as the perfect solution.B2.Music tale nts from many differe nt coun tries were cast to play in the film.CP_art 4|提高應(yīng)試技能切塊集訓(xùn)丨閱讀提速練III閱讀理解AMagaz ines can help get kids psyched about read in g.The thrill of flipp ing through a fresh magazine can

51、 totally drive a new reader to practice words and lear n about topics they might not no rmallybe exposed to.For young readers who want to be en terta ined and learn something new here areour favorite kids magazine subscription picks.1. National Geographic KidsNational Geographic Kids is designed for

52、 children ages 6 to 14.The magazine is published by theNational Geographic Society and has been in publication sinceSeptember 1975.With each issue， young readers enjoy a wide range of regular features such as“ AmazingAnimals ”， “ Weirdbut True ”， “ CoolInventions a”nd “ Guinness World Records.”Ayeoa

53、nresubscription (10 issues) is $15.2MuseThis magazine，launched in January 1997，features nine cartoon characters known as theMuses.The articles expose kids ages 9 and up to history ， science and the arts.RegularMusecontent includes fun facts， a question andanswer page and fun themes such as extraterr

54、estriallife 外星生命),urba n lege nds and pirates.A oneyear subscription (nine issues) is $34.3ChopChopThis is an awardewinning，noneprofit quarterly magazine for kids ages 5 to 12.ChopChop is filledwith great recipes，interactive games and educational food facts and is intended to inspire andteach kids t

55、o cook real food with their families.ChopChopreceived the 2014 ParentsChoice GoldAward and was named the James Beard 2013 Publication of the Year.A oneeyear subscription(four issues) is $15.4HighlightsWho doesnrtemember reading Highlights magazinewhether at home or at the dentists of？ficEevery 40epa

56、ge issue helps children explore exciting new topics，investigate cool subjects andlearn about our wonderful world.Highlights is ideal for ages 6 to 12 and features storie，spuzzles，games，riddles，science experiments and craft projects.High Five，the preschool version ofHighlights，is intended for little

57、ones ages 2 to 6.A onee year subscription (12 issues) is $40.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文是應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了針對(duì)小孩的幾種雜志。1How much is a twoeyear subscription to a magazine launched in 1975?A$30.B$34.C$40.D$68.答案 A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第一本雜志介紹中的 The magazine is published.since September 1975和 A oneeyear subscription(10 issues) is $15 可知選 A 項(xiàng)。2

58、.What is special aboutChopChop?A.It has a history of 42 years.B.It has nine cartoon characters.C. It is helpful for kids to learn to cook.D. It includes a question- and answer page.答案 C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三本雜志介紹中的第二句 to inspire and teach kidsto cook real food with their families 可知選 C 項(xiàng)。3.Which magazine is su

59、itable for a two- year old child to read?A.Nati on al Geographic Kids.B.High Five.C. MuseD. ChopChop.答案 B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四本雜志介紹中的倒數(shù)第二句High Five, the preschool version ofHighlights , is in ten ded for little ones ages 2 to 6 可知選 B 項(xiàng)。4.What topic do Muse and Highlights have in com mon?B. Craft projects.D .

60、Ani mals.答案 A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二本雜志和第四本雜志的介紹， 可知二者都涉及 到了科學(xué)，故選 A項(xiàng)。The word heliography（日光膠版術(shù)）usually refers to a photographic process inven tedin 1822, but artist Michael Papadakis has given it a new meaning.Michael used to create art in the old way with painting and drawingsupplies, but on a trip along the Silk Roa