名詞性從句講義與真題2012

1、名詞性從句一.概念：在從句中起名詞作用的從句即名詞性從句。它們是：主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。二.引起名詞性從句的詞有三類(lèi)：從屬連詞；連接代詞；連接副詞從屬連詞：只起到連接作用，不充當(dāng)成分1.that 無(wú)語(yǔ)意，在從句中不作成分，只起引起從句的作用，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句可省略。That he beat his opponent in the tennis game encouraged his teammates.He said (that) another child was infected with bird flu.The fact is that he knows nothing

2、 about it.Her dream that she will become a woman astronaut is sure to come true.2.whether 有語(yǔ)意，“是否”， 在從句中不作成分，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句可以用if。 Whether it is true is not certain.He asked me whether/if he could ask another question.連接代詞：連接名詞性從句；在從句中充當(dāng)成分；主要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。 1.what 有意義，”所的”或隨句子意思而定。在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，也做定語(yǔ)。 What ma

3、kes her different from others is her strange behavior. This is what I want to say. Please tell me what it is.Its uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.2.who “誰(shuí)”（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)） ,whom“誰(shuí)”（賓語(yǔ)），whose“誰(shuí)的”（定語(yǔ)）,which(哪一) Who will be chosen is th

4、e topic of conversation now. I want to know who/whom you really want to see. Whose handwriting is the most beautiful is very clear now. Please tell me which book you like best among them. 3.疑問(wèn)詞+ever 也可以引起名詞性從句 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Whoever fails to see this will make a big mist

5、ake. Ill give it to whoever likes it. Parents shouldnt give their children whatever he/she wants.連接副詞：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，分別表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因。 1.when 引起表示時(shí)間的名詞性從句，意思是“的時(shí)候”或“何時(shí)” When we can get rid of the rubbish is still unknown. They didnt know when they could meet again. The question is when the money can be colle

6、cted. 2.where 引起表示地點(diǎn)的名詞性從句，意思是“在的地方”或“到的地方” Where the meeting will be held hasnt been decided. Everyone wants to know where the plant can be found. 3.how 引起表示方式的名詞性從句，意思是“的方式”或“如何” The problem is how we can get out of the trouble. How we can get in touch with him is the most important. 4.why 引起表示原因的

7、名詞性從句，意思是“的原因”或 “為什么” Why he said that rubbish at the meeting puzzled me. At last, he told us why he didnt agree with us.三.  名詞性從句的種類(lèi)：四種主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句1.    主語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，上述引導(dǎo)詞除if外均可引起主語(yǔ)從句。 Who has been chosen is still a secret to all. That one believes in ones

8、elf in doing everything is very important.注意：主語(yǔ)從句如果偏長(zhǎng)，可將其移至謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，前面用it作形式主語(yǔ)。That he is an honest boy is known to all.It is known to all that he is an honest boy.That the Chinese volleyball team once won six world championships successively is true.It is true that the Chinese volleyball team once wo

9、n six world championships. 在It is + insisted/ordered/commanded/suggested/advised/proposed/demanded/required/requested+that結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用should+動(dòng)詞原形。如：It is suggested that we should think twice before we act. It is requested that we should change the old instrument. 另外，在It is necessary/important/strange/

10、surprised that或 It is a pity/shamethat 也用 should + 動(dòng)詞原形 如：It is a pity that he should go without telling anyone. It is necessary that you should tell him the truth. 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句，以上連詞都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 Everyone knows that he always gives answers and never ask questions,so he is called Mr Know-all.

11、Its hard to say how long the operation will last.賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：    當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that 可以省略，但從第二個(gè)開(kāi)始不可以省略。 He said (that) he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time he would spend his holiday alone abroad.   

12、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句有補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替，而將賓語(yǔ)從句移至補(bǔ)語(yǔ)后，同時(shí)that不可省略。 We should make it clear that protecting the environment is everyones duty.We find it important that one forms a good habit.    在tell sb. that; order sb.that; remind sb.that; explain to sb. that; whisper to sb. that等結(jié)構(gòu)中that一般不可省。 He told me

13、that he was going abroad next month. He whispered to me that the man in blue is a policeman.    在be+adj.后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，that 可以省略。 Im glad (that) Ill see all my fiends soon. Im sure (that) he will stand on our side.  賓語(yǔ)從句在時(shí)態(tài)上要求與主句一致（即時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)），也就是說(shuō)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)；如主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句應(yīng)應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)的某種相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。

14、當(dāng)然，從句為普遍真理和自然現(xiàn)象者例外. He says that he lives around the corner.He says that he once worked as a cook.He said that he would go abroad for further information. He said that the sun rises in the east.在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略。這些常用動(dòng)詞是：一個(gè)堅(jiān)決要求insist; 兩個(gè)命令order,command; 四個(gè)建suggest,advise,p

15、ropose，recommend；四個(gè)要求ask,demand,request,require 注意：insist有兩個(gè)意思“堅(jiān)決要求”和“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，前者用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而后者用陳述語(yǔ)氣（實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)）；同樣suggest 也有兩個(gè)意思“建議”和“表明”或“暗示”，當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，否則用陳述語(yǔ)氣（實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)）。 如：He insisted that he should go to the front.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) He insisted that Tom was honest and hardworking.(陳述語(yǔ)氣) She suggested that she should answe

16、r the phone immediately.(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) The smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with the result.(陳述語(yǔ)氣)上述其他動(dòng)詞后一律用should+動(dòng)詞原形如 They requested that an immediate answer should be given. He ordered that the troops (should) start at once.賓語(yǔ)從句種類(lèi)：a.動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句；b.介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句；c.形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句.介詞后賓語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)：_As doc

17、tors, we must pay attention to what the patients complain of.I am counting on it that you will help me.3.同位語(yǔ)從句：idea,fact,rumour,message,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,proof,evid-ence，promise,probability等名詞后出現(xiàn)的that 或wh-引導(dǎo)的從句作同位語(yǔ)，人們稱(chēng)之為同位語(yǔ)從句，同為語(yǔ)從句對(duì)所修飾得詞起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。They expressed the hope that they would v

18、isit China again.There is no doubt that he is not fit for the job.The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting .The government warned that the rumour that an earthquake would hit Harbin was not believable.在下列同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形：Ones suggestion /advice/order/

19、requirement/request/that 如：My suggestion that we should collect money for the poor girl has been taken.4.表語(yǔ)從句：系動(dòng)詞后的從句為表語(yǔ)從句，除了上述引導(dǎo)此外。連詞as if/as though, because也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 The managers suggestion is that the new products should be put in market as soon as possible. It seems /appears as if the problem h

20、as been settled. Thats what we should do. Thats where we differ. That was how we were defeated. That was when our football team was formed. That was why we decided to put off the discussion. 在下列表語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形： Ones suggestion/requirement/order is that 如：My suggestion is that we should give h

21、im another chance. Her requirement is that she should be sent to Tibet to work.四. 解題要點(diǎn)： _十年高考【2006-2012】英語(yǔ)分類(lèi)匯編-名詞性從句2012高考題1.It is by no means clear _the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. which C. that D. what2.Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that

22、D. whether3.Evidence has been found through years of study _childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.A. why B. how C. whether D. that4.When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or_A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however5.It doesnt matter_ you p

23、ay by cash or credit card in this store.A. how B. whether C. what D. why6.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever7.It doesnt matter_ you turn right or left at the crossing- both roads lead to the

24、 park.A. whether B. how c. if D. when8.The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reached these limits will depends on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why9.I made a promise to myself _this year, my first year in high school, would be differen

25、t.A. whether B. what C. that D. how10.We promise_ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever11.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt_ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether12.As many as five c

26、urses are provided, and you are free to choose_ suits you best.A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever13.Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter_ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. why B. how C. whether D. when14.It suddenly occurred to him_ he had left hi

27、s keys in the office.A. whether B. where C. which D. that15.The notice came around two in the afternoon_ the meeting would be postponed.A. when B. that C. whether D. how1.【2011北京卷】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom2.【2011北京卷】The shocking news m

28、ad me realize _ terrible problems we would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why3.【2011上海卷】There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that4.【2011上海卷】The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actua

29、lly understand. A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what5.【2011山東卷】I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why6.【2011山東卷】Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it.A. where B. what C. whether D. which7.【2011江西卷】The villager

30、s have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which8.【2011江蘇卷】It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.A. that B. how C. when D. why9.【2011安徽卷】His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. A. that

31、B. how C. who D. what10.【2011四川卷】Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which11.【2011遼寧卷】Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read first. A. what B. who C. how D. why12.【2011遼寧卷】When the news came _

32、 the war broke out, he decided, to serve in the army. A. since B. which C. that D. because13.【2011天津卷】Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. where14.【2011陜西卷】Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. w

33、hen C. which D. what15.【2011重慶卷】It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where16.【2011重慶卷 34】It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whose B. what C. which D. t

34、hat17.【2011湖南卷】Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why18.10福建We should respect food and think about the people who dont have_ we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether19.10湖南Cindy shut the door heavily a

35、nd burst into tears. No one in the office knew_ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 20.10天津As a new graduate, he doesnt know_ it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which21.10北京_ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. Wha

36、t C. That D. How22.10浙江How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, _ you want. A. whichever B. however C. whateverD. whoever23.10浙江It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether24.10上海One reas

37、on for her preference for city life is_she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why25.10山東Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which26.10上海When changing lanes, a driver should use h

38、is turning signal to let other drivers know_ .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering27.10四川How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on_he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. w

39、hy 28.10全國(guó)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where29.10湖北I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how30.10全國(guó)Have you finished the book?-No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.

40、hat D.where31.10江蘇I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what32.10北京Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own l

41、ife. A. what B. that C. why D. whether33.09湖南She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_ it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever34.09江西The fact has worried many scientists _the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. thoug

42、h35.09北京At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_it got any better.A. when B. how C. why D. if36.09全國(guó)ICould I speak to_ is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever37.09海南One of the most important questions they had to consider

43、 was_of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which38.09陜西The how to book can be of help to_ wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever39.09上海As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how40.09四川News

44、 came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where41.09天津It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that42.09浙江Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport

45、?No problem.A.WhenB. that C. whether D. what43.09重慶We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where44.09江蘇Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost ent

46、irely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what45.09陜西The how-to book can be of help to _wants to do the job. A who B whomever C no matter who D whoever46.09山東The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who47.08北京The companies are workin

47、g together to create_they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who48.08天津The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 49.08安徽Students are always interested in finding outthey can go with a ne

48、w teacher.A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long50.08湖南When asked_ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which51.08陜西Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea_ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where52.08重慶People

49、 in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how53.08浙江Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.A. what B. that C. which D. one54.08福建_ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which55.08山東_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As56.07全國(guó)_matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.WhatB.WhyC.W