高中英語選修八 Unit2 Cloning-語法篇（學(xué)生版）

1、.第4講Cloning 語法篇_1.掌握同位語從句的構(gòu)造與功能；2.可以純熟選用適宜的引導(dǎo)詞。一. 概述：同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人沖動。I hav

2、e no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。2. 同位語從句的功能1.同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：1 The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2 The order that all the soldiers should stay

3、still is given by the general.2.whether eg: The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor3.連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which1I have no idea what size shoes she wears.2I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.3The question who will take h

4、is place is still not clear.三. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting were put off.四. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分主語或賓語，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。2 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描繪定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)展補(bǔ)充說明。例如

5、：1 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分五. 如何判斷從句類型：1. 放句首沒有用逗號分開的，一般是主語從句，也有可能是狀語從句，但從句完畢后假設(shè)有表達(dá)時態(tài)變化的動詞，那么一定是主語從句。2. 放及物動詞后，假設(shè)及物動詞不是被動語態(tài)，后面一定是賓語從句；

6、假設(shè)句首為It，該及物動詞是被動語態(tài)，后面一般是主語從句It+ is + adj/n./done+ that/whether/when或狀語從句。3. 放be動詞后，后面就是表語從句，但 “It is/was + 從句被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句中“非謂語。4. 放名詞后，一般是定語從句，但假設(shè)該名詞有“內(nèi)涵/內(nèi)容 fact/truth/news/ information /problem /suggestion /idea / doubt ， 那么很可能是同位語從句。1. 2019重慶卷Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale

7、University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea _he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.A. whenB. why C. thatD. how答案: B解析: 此題實際上是一個同位語從句，是對名詞idea的內(nèi)容進(jìn)展的說明。短語have no idea后面可以使用多種形式的同位語構(gòu)造，如have no idea where to go等。根據(jù)句意可知使用why表示原因。故B正確。2. 2019浙江高考 The only way to succeed at the highest level

8、id to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. howB. thatC. whichD. whether答案: B解析: 此句是同位語從句，對belief進(jìn)展說明，根據(jù)句意從句部分不缺少成分，that引導(dǎo)，所以選B。3. 2019蘭州高二下Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any ideathe party is to be held. A. that B. whichC. whereD. what答案: C解析: 此題考察同位語

9、從句，從句對idea進(jìn)展說明，從句中缺少地點狀語，所以選C。4. 2019浙江溫州高二下 Word comes _ free souvenirs will be given to whoever comes first.A. what B. thatC. whyD. which答案: B解析: 此題考察同位語從句，從句是對word進(jìn)展解釋，由于從句中不缺少成分，用that引導(dǎo)，所以選B。5. 2019江蘇南昌高二下-Dad, can you meet my demand I be given a chance to travel to Beijing?A. whichB. thatC. whe

10、reD. when答案: B解析: 此句考察同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，從句是對demand進(jìn)展解釋，從句部分不缺少成分，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該填that，所以選擇B。根底演練1. What do you think his proposal _ we _ a play at the English party.A. what; put up B. that; put on C. which; put up D. that; put off2. _ is known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2019 World Expo.A. WhichB. This C.

11、That D. It3. He made a promise _ he would help me.A. thatB. which C. whether D. why4. Mother made a promise _ I entered a key school, she would take me to Hongkong.A. thatB. that if C. if D. whether5. All the people around the world have the same simple dream _ they will always live in peace and com

12、fort.A. thatB. whichC. where D. when穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步6. They have no idea at all_.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone7. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact8. The order came _the soldiers _t

13、he small village the next morning.A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leaveC. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our resea

14、rch.A. that B. whichC. whether D. if11. The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. thatB. what C. which D. whether12. Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A. thatB. whichC. of which D. what13. It remains a question _ we can get so much mone

15、y in such a short time.A. howB. thatC. whenD. what14. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. whoB. thatC. asD. which15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can

16、 be done D. because not all things can be done1. I have no idea _he will come back.A. WhereB. when C. what D. that2. The news _surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A. ThatB. when C. what D. how 3. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what thatB. that which C. tha

17、t whatD. which that4. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. WhatB. whether C. that D. which5. They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .whichB. whenC. / D .that 6. He cant answer the question _he got the money. A. thatB. whomC. how D. whether

18、7. I have the information _.A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soonC. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon8. But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.A. howB. where C. when D. that9. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A. thatB. if C. what

19、D. that if10. His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go11. An idea came to her_ she might do the experiment in another day.A. thatB. what C. when D. which12.They have no idea at all _.A. where he

20、 has gone B. which place he has gone C. where did he go D. where has he gone13. The question remains _ the Party can win the majority of the people.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. /14. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. WhetherB. WhereC. ThatD. when 15. Along with the letter was

21、his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whether_1. 單項選擇1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.thatB.what C.whichD.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us grea

22、tly. A.what B.that C.whyD.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.whenB.that C.what D./ 二. 用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. The news _our team has won the game is really encouraging.2. I have no idea _ he did it.3. I have no idea _ the me

23、eting will begin.4. The problem _if/whether they will go to Beijing hasnt been discussed yet.5. We havent settled the question _ were going to spend our summer vacation.三. 完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項A、B、C和D中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。After the board meeting, Frank began to tell us of his childhood. &

24、quot;I grew up in San Pedro. My dad was a fisherman and had his own 1 . But it was hard making a living on the sea. He worked hard and would stay out until he 2 enough to feed the family."He looked at us and said, "I 3 you could have met my dad. He was a big man and strong from pulling the

25、 nets and fighting the seas for his catch. When you got close to him, he 4 like the ocean. He would wear his old canvas, foul-weather coat and overalls with the rain hat 5 down over his brow. No matter how much my mother washed them, they would still smell of the sea and of fish."Frank's vo

26、ice 6 a bit as if he were back to his childhood. "When the weather was bad he would drive me to school. His truck was older than he was, which you could hear coming for 7. As he would drive toward the school, I would shrink down into the seat hoping to 8.""When the truck stopped, it w

27、ould throw out a cloud of smoke. He would pull right up in front, and it seemed like 9 would be standing around and watching. Then he would 10 and give me a big kiss on the cheek and tell me to be a good boy. It was so 11 for me at that time."He paused and then went on, "I 12 that day I de

28、cided I was too old for a goodbye kiss. When we got to the school, he had his 13 big smile. He started to lean toward me, 14 I put my hand up and said, 'No, Dad.""It was the first time I had ever talked to him that way, and he had this 15 look on his face. My dad looked at me for the l

29、ongest time, and his eyes started to tear 16. I had never seen him cry. He turned and looked out of the windshield. 'You are right, 'he said, 'You are a big boy -a man. I won't kiss you any more. '"Frank got a funny look on his face, and tears began to well up in his eyes as

30、 he spoke. "It wasn't long 17 that when my dad went to sea and never came back. It was a day when most of the fleet stayed 18 but not dad."I looked at Frank and saw that tears were running down his cheeks. Frank spoke again, "Guys, you don't know 19 I would give to have my dad

31、 give me just one more kiss on the cheek . If I had been 20, I would never have told my dad I was too old for a goodbye kiss."1. A. houseB. truckC. boatD. car2. A. caughtB. receivedC. madeD. took3. A. thinkB. wishC. hopeD. mean4. A. lookedB. tastedC. feltD. smelled5. A. pulledB. takenC. putD. l

32、aid6. A. workedB. roseC. lostD. dropped7. A. blocksB. streetsC. hoursD. moments8. A. appearB. escapeC. disappearD. flee9. A. the studentsB. everybodyC. somebodyD. the teachers10. A. come overB. lean overC. go overD. turn over11. A. excitingB. frighteningC. embarrassingD. surprising12. A. rememberB.

33、believeC. thinkD. imagine13. A. unusualB. commonC. ordinaryD. usual14. A. and B. butC. soD. therefore15. A. surprisedB. excitedC. movedD. worried16. A. up B. downC. offD. away17. A. sinceB. beforeC. afterD. from18. A. on B. in C. offD. out19. A. if B. thatC. whichD. what20. A. studentB. boyC. childD

34、. man 四. 閱讀理解What do we think with? Only the brain? Hardly. The brain is like a telephone exchange. It is the switchboard, but not the whole system. Its function is to receive incoming signals, making proper connections and send messages through to their destination. For efficient service, the body

35、must function as a whole. But where is the "mind"? Is it in the brain? Or perhaps in the nervous system? After all, can we say that the mind is in any particular place? It is not like a thing; like a leg, or even the brain. It is a function, an activity. Aristotle, 2,300 years ago, observe

36、d that the mind was to the body what cutting was to the axe.When the axe is not in use, there is no cutting. So with the mind. "Mind", said Charles H. Woolbert, "is what the body is doing". If this activity is necessary for thinking, it is also necessary for carrying thought from

37、 one person to another. If you have never done this with great efforts, you have a surprise in store, for good conversationalists are almost constantly in motion. Their heads are continuously nodding and shaking sometimes so vigorously 精神旺盛地 that you wonder how their necks can stand the strain 過勞. Even the legs and feet are active. As for the hands and arms, they are seldom still for more than a few seconds at a time. These people, remember, are not making speeches. They are only common people trying to make others understand what they have in mind. They ar