英語句子種類與類型

1、English Grammar Sentences 英語句子種類與類型英語句子種類與類型I、句子種類（按交際用途分）句子種類（按交際用途分） 陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句、陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句、 THERE-BE存在句存在句II、句子類型（按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分）句子類型（按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分） 簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句I、句子種類（按交際用途分）句子種類（按交際用途分） 陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句、感嘆句、THERE-BE存在句存在句1、陳述句、陳述句 說明一個事實或陳述一個看法，有肯定式和否定式，說明一個事實或陳述一個看法，

2、有肯定式和否定式，語序是主語在前，謂語在后。語序是主語在前，謂語在后。 She arrived early. She cannot have arrived now.注：注：1）半否定句半否定句I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句部分否定句與與全否定句全否定句I dont like both the films.I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移I dont think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose,imagine)I、句子種

3、類句子種類2、疑問句、疑問句 有一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇有一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反義疑問句。疑問句、反義疑問句。I、句子種類句子種類1）一般疑問句）一般疑問句 用來詢問一件事，答案通常是用來詢問一件事，答案通常是yes或或 no，注意語序。注意語序。Have you anything to say?Did someone phone me last night? Cant you understand it? Isnt it a beautiful lake? -Havent you been to the UK? -No, I havent.2）特殊疑問句）特殊疑問句 疑問

4、詞有疑問詞有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。等。I、句子種類句子種類（1）陳述語序）陳述語序Who was the first man in space?（2）倒裝語序倒裝語序Who are you talking about?注：注：A、簡略式簡略式 Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What about taking a rest? B、復(fù)雜特殊疑問句復(fù)雜特殊疑問句 What do you think he has done? I、句子種類句子種類3）選擇疑問句）選擇疑問句(1)以一般疑問句為基

5、礎(chǔ)以一般疑問句為基礎(chǔ)Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?Shall I help you or can you manage?(2)以特殊疑問句為基礎(chǔ)以特殊疑問句為基礎(chǔ)Which do you prefer, red wine or white?How shall we go there? By bus or by train?I、句子種類句子種類4）反義疑問句）反義疑問句 問：問：+ +，- -？或？或- -，+ +？ 答：答：+ +，+. +. 或或- -，-.-.1.Tom hardly knows French, _ _?2.Mary

6、didnt fail her exam, did she? -_, she didnt.3.You neednt come, _ you? You need to come, _ you?4.He had a big time there, _ he? He had a car, _ he? We hardly have to get up early, _ we?5.He used to live in Leeds, _ he? does heNo must dont didnt didnt do didnt6.Lets go to the match at once, _ we? Leav

7、e me alone, _ you?7.They have been learning to drive, _ they?8.No one was hurt, _ _ ?9.There is no doubt() about it, _ _ ?10.Anna hasnt got to go to school on Sunday, _ she?I、句子種類句子種類4）反義疑問句）反義疑問句 shall will havent werent they is there does3、祈使句、祈使句 表達(dá)命令、要求、請求、勸告等，用原形。表達(dá)命令、要求、請求、勸告等，用原形。I、句子種類句子種類1）

8、帶第二人稱的祈使句）帶第二人稱的祈使句 Be quiet, please. Dont make any noise! You call a taxi. Dont you forget it.(強調(diào)) Give me a hand, will/wont/would/wouldn you?2）帶第一、三人稱的祈使句）帶第一、三人稱的祈使句 Let me try again. Lets go. Let us go. Lets not say anything about it./Dont lets say Let him be here by 10 oclock. I、句子種類句子種類3、祈使句、祈

9、使句注意：1、加強語氣 Do be careful of my broken leg. Do let me have another try. 2 、祈使句的省略式 A:Shall I open the window? B:Yes, please do./ No, please dont. A:Shall we watch the game? B:Yes, lets.4、感嘆句、感嘆句 由由what 或或how引導(dǎo)的，表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等。引導(dǎo)的，表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等。I、句子種類句子種類What a lovely baby it is!What fine weather we

10、 have today!What a good time we had last night!How foolish she is!How clearly you speak!How clever a boy he is! I、句子種類句子種類5、 THERE-BE存在句存在句 There is a clock on the table. Once there lived a king called Lear. There goes the bell!Here comes the bus. Here he comes.There used to be a village at the foot

11、 of the mountain.There is to be a heavy rain tonight.There seems to be some misunderstanding.There is a baby crying in the next door.There being no bus, we had to walk home.II、句子類型（按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分）句子類型（按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分） 簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句二、句子類型二、句子類型1、簡單句、簡單句 只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，個個成分都是單只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，個個成分都是單詞或短語的句子。詞

12、或短語的句子。All roads lead to Rome.He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.Is he a superman?Dont be shy. Have a try.The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.二、句子類型二、句子類型2、并列句、并列句 包含兩個或更多互不依從的主謂包含兩個或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，分句由并列連詞結(jié)構(gòu)，分句由并列連詞and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;bothand,eitheror,n

13、eithernor,not only,but also,as well as等來連接。等來連接。He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.Dont be late, for there is a meeting.Hurry up, or youll be late.He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came.二、句子類型

14、二、句子類型3、復(fù)合句、復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句的某個成分，如主語、賓語、表語、同位語、定語、狀語等，由另一個句子承當(dāng)。（1）名詞性從句）名詞性從句 主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句統(tǒng)稱為名主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。詞性從句。賓語從句注意事項：賓語從句注意事項：引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)呼應(yīng)、語態(tài)引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時態(tài)呼應(yīng)、語態(tài)。主語主語/表語表語/同位從句注意事項：同位從句注意事項：引導(dǎo)詞、語序、語態(tài)引導(dǎo)詞、語序、語態(tài)。注意：注意：1、whether與與if的區(qū)別；的區(qū)別； 2、陳述句變來的名詞性從句由什么引導(dǎo)。那么，一、陳述句變來的名詞性從句由什么引導(dǎo)。那么，一 般疑問句

15、、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、感嘆句變般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、感嘆句變 來的呢？來的呢？二、句子類型二、句子類型3、復(fù)合句、復(fù)合句 （2）定語從句）定語從句=先行詞先行詞+引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞+其它。其它。引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞的選用取決于：的選用取決于：1）先行詞；）先行詞；2）先行詞的修飾語；）先行詞的修飾語；3）引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中的成分。）引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中的成分。注意：定語從句中的主謂一致；注意：定語從句中的主謂一致；He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the headmaster at the meeting.3、復(fù)合句、復(fù)合句(

16、3)狀語從句狀語從句 即用作狀語的分句即用作狀語的分句,可作下列狀語：可作下列狀語：1、時間、時間（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until, whenever,as long as,as soon as;the moment,every time,next time;no soonerthan,hardlywhen ）；）；2、地點（、地點（where,wherever） ；3、方式（、方式（as,as if,as though） ；4、程度（、程度（asas, more than,sothat,suchthat） ；二、句子類型二、句子類型5、

17、原因（、原因（because,since,as,now that,that） ；6、結(jié)果（、結(jié)果（,so that,sothat,suchthat） ；7、目的（、目的（so that,in order that,in case） ；8、條件（、條件（if,unless） ；9、讓步（、讓步（though,although,even if,even though,in spite of the fact that ,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,no matter how,whether） 。二、句子類型二、句子類型(3)狀語從句狀語從

18、句二、句子類型二、句子類型3、復(fù)合句、復(fù)合句 并列復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句 即并列連詞連接了帶即并列連詞連接了帶 從句的并列句。從句的并列句。English is widely used in the world, but China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese.I dont enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. She

19、 was so surprised that she couldnt move.One day chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.In order to survive, chuck develops a friendship with a volleyball he calls Wilson. / To make it the best ever Games, the capital city will make several big changes.Even thou

20、gh Wilson is just a volleyball, he becomes fond of him.It is important to have someone to care about.He should have cared more about his friends.English is a language spoken all over the world. / Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. / English has developed into a language most widely spoken and

21、 used in the world. The number of people who learn English as a foreign language is over 750 million.Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese. There is no quick answer to this question.Thats why the words are spelt differently in American English.Most of the t

22、ime, people from the two different countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.The name “whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks wh

23、ite when it moves quickly.You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim.Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. / Before she could think twice, the water was upon her. / Before they reached the house, a new great wave came. / We may be able to take measu

24、res before it is too late.Jeff and Flora looked at each others face with a look of fright.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.Looking up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small. / Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible. / Knowing table manners in western culture will help you make a good impression. / Having good table manners means knowing how to use knives and forks and so on. Wei Bin took photos of