英語句子成分、句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)(含答案)

1、英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)Five and five is ten.（數(shù)詞）The door remains open.（形容詞）（副詞）介詞短語）missing / lost.* I ? II m poor, I canNow I feel tired.賓語：1 ）動作的承受者 動賓I like China.（名詞）He hates you.（代詞）How many do you need We need two. （數(shù)詞）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.（動名詞）I hope to see

2、you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said （賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞 介賓Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are many rocks.3）雙賓語 間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.主語（ subject ） : 句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名詞）He likes dancing.（代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history.

3、 （數(shù)詞 ）Seeing is believing.（動名詞）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round andtall like a tree.（ It 形式主語，主語從句是真正主語） 謂語（ predicate ） : 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。We study English.He is asleep.表語（ predicative ） : 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher.（名詞）Sev

4、enty-four! You don t look it. （代詞）He is asleep.His father is in.The picture is on the wall. （My watch is gone / （形容詞化的分詞）To wear a flower is to sayt buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）（常見的系動詞有：be, sound （聽起來）,look （看起來） , feel（ 摸起來，smell （聞起來）, taste （嘗、吃起來）,remain （保持，仍是

5、），feel（感覺）It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.（名詞）Give the poor man some money.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad beca

6、use of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句的五個基本句型主語 不及物動詞She came / My head aches.主語及物動詞

7、賓語She likes English.主語系動詞主語補語賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。We elected him monitor. （名詞）Weall think it a pity that she didn t comehere.（名）We will make them happy. （形容詞）We found nobody in. （ 副詞 ）Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語）Don t let him do that. （省 to 不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy ales

8、son. （帶 to 不定式）Don t keep the lights burning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I ll have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）主補：對主語的補充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.He is our friend. （代詞）We belong to the third world.（數(shù)詞）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a les

9、son.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.（副詞 ）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（ 介詞 ）The boys playing football are in Class 2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now.過分I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv.,

10、or 句子。 表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。（以下例句按上述順序排列）She is happy主語 雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語She gave John a book She bought a book for me.主語 賓補動詞 賓語 賓語補語She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.( There +be There lies a book on the desk. )Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Our schoo

11、l is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.7. -I love you more than her ， child.8. Tees turn green when spring

12、comes.9. They pushed the door open.10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one.14. He asked us to sing an English song.15. Don't get nervous

13、， help yourself to what you like 16. We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didn't come That is why he didn't know 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. The cars made in J

14、apan are better than those in Germany 22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from.25. Wemust do whatever the people want us to do.26. At last he got home, tire

15、d and hungry.27. Would you please pass me the cup28. Mary handed her homework to the teacher.29. Do you know the latest news about him30. I ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻 譯 練 習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)( 主語 不及物動詞)1 你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。2 她昨天回家很晚。3 那天早上我們談了很多。4 會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。5 在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。6 這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。7 1919 年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五 . 四

16、”運動。8 每天八時開始上課。9 這個盒子重五公斤。10 五年前我住在北京。主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 及物動詞賓語）1 昨晚我寫了一封信。2 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇? 這本書他讀過多次了。4 他們成功地完成了計劃。5 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。6 那位先生能流利地說三種語言。7 我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。8 Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。9 我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。10 他不知道說什麼好。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 系動詞表語）1 我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。2 冬季白天短，夜晚長。3 布朗夫人看起來很健康。4 十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。5 孩子們，請保持安靜。6 這本書是有關(guān)美國歷史的書。7

17、她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。8 他失業(yè)了。9 樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了。10 這個報告聽起來很有意思。雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語1. Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。3. Mary 把錢包交給校長了。4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎5. 他把車票給列車員看。6. 這個學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。9. 請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語）1 我們叫她Alice.2 他的父母給他取名為John.3

18、 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實的。4 他們把門推開了。5 他們把小偷釋放了。6 我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。7 他請我們參加做游戲。8 我要你把真相告訴我。9 衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。10 明天我要找人來修理機器。11 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。12 痛苦使得他叫喊起來。13 我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。14 他每個月理一次發(fā)。15 我要請人把我的錄音機修理一下。16 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了17 她正在聽人家講故事。18 男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。19 我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。20 他感到很難跟你交談。21 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。22 我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。23 學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，

19、開始上課時學(xué)生要起立。24 我認(rèn)為與那個人談話是無益的。There be 句型1 今晚沒有會。2 這個村子過去只有一口井。3 這個學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。4 客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。5 天氣預(yù)報說下午有大風(fēng)。語6 燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。7.7 戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。8.8 恰好那時房里沒人。9.9 從前，在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。10.10 公共汽車來了。11.11 就只剩下二十八美元了。1212 在這個山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。13.13 鈴響了。14.14 二月份有二十八天。15.16.KEYS17.分析下列句子成分18.1. 主語系動詞表語19.2.

20、 主語系動詞表語20.3. 主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語21.4. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語22.5. 主語 及物動詞賓語23.6. 主語 動詞 形式賓語it 賓語補足語+賓24.主語 及物動詞賓語主語 系動詞 表語主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語主語 及物動詞賓語主語 及物動詞賓語主語動詞賓語 賓語補足語主語系動詞表語主語動詞賓語 賓語補足語主語系動詞表語主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語主語不及物動詞主語不及物動詞主語系動詞表語主語系動詞表語主語 及物動詞賓語主語不及物動詞1919.8Classes begin at eight every

21、 day.9This box weighs five kilos.10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 及物動詞賓語）wrote a letter last night.want to talk with you this afternoon.has read this book many times.have carried out the plan successfully.must finish reading these books in two weeks.gentlemen can speak three languages f

22、luently.received a letter from my pen friendAustralia.cannot dress himself.of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.did not know what to say.25. 主語及物動詞賓語26. 主語不及物動詞27. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語28. 主語雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語29. 主語 及物動詞賓語30. 主語 動詞 賓語 賓語補足語翻 譯 練 習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（ 主語 不及物動詞）1You should study hard.31. She went home very

23、late yesterday evening.3That morning we talked a great deal.4The meeting will last two hours.5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6Things of that sort are happening all over theworld every day.7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 系動詞主語補語）1My broth

24、ers are all college students.2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.32. Mrs Brown looks very healthy.4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.33. Children, keep quiet please.34. This book is about the history of the United States.7Her job is to look after the children in the

25、 nursery.in8He is out of work.9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The reportsounds interesting.雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（主語 雙賓動詞間接賓語直接賓語 ）1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.4Would you please pass me the dictionary5He showed t

26、he ticket to the conductor.6This term I have written three letters to myparents.7My father has bought me a new bike.8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.9Will you please get me a new copy10 Shall I call you a taxi復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)(主語 賓補動詞 賓語 賓語補語)1We call her Alice.2His parents named him John.3All of us consid

27、ered him honest.4They pushed the door open.5They have set the thief free.6We will make our school more beautiful.7He asked us to join in the game.8I want you to tell me the truth.9The guards ordered us to leave at once.10Tomorrow I ll have someone repair the machine.11Every morning we hear him read

28、English aloud.12The pain made him cry out.13We won t let her go out at night.14He has his hair cut once a month.15I ll get my recorder mended.16The terrible sound made the childrenfrightened.17She is listening to someone telling stories.18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.19I have never seen the word used that way before.20He felt it very difficult to talk