廣東高考語法填空中長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析-最新教育資料

1、xx高考語法填空中長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析縱觀近年廣東高考試題及各地模擬題,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)語法填空中出現(xiàn)了一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子。也許是命題者想通過增加句子長(zhǎng)度和使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)來打斷和干擾考生正常的閱讀習(xí)慣和思維方式,從而考查考生在篇章層面上理解并運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。從結(jié)構(gòu)來說,英語句子中,除了謂語之外,其它的成分均可以由從句或者非謂語動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。從功能來說,英語有三類從句,即 : 名詞性從句,包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句; 定語從句 ; 狀語從句。非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有自己的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（過去分詞除外）,也可以有自己的邏輯主語、賓語、狀語等成分 ,構(gòu)成一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。由于非謂語動(dòng)詞和從句的

2、這些特點(diǎn),使英語句子從理論上講可以無限延長(zhǎng)。這些長(zhǎng)難句對(duì)考生解題似乎產(chǎn)生一定影響,現(xiàn)將其歸類并逐一加以分析。類型一:復(fù)合句和并列句有些句子較長(zhǎng),有時(shí)甚至出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句套另一個(gè)從句環(huán)環(huán)相扣的情況,從句與從句之間的關(guān)系可能包孕、套嵌,也可能并列、平行。例如 1:（2007 年廣東卷） “ Cursing my misfortune, I waswondering where I wasgoing to spend the night whenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto_32_should havethe

3、honorofreceivingmeas a guest in their house. ”全句是一個(gè)由when 連接的并列句,并列連詞when 意為 “就在這時(shí) ”。前一分句前有作狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 Cursing mymisfortune分句中還有where引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 ;在第二個(gè)并列分句中含有that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,而賓語從句中又有一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句 修飾villagers;在這個(gè)賓語從句中的復(fù)合介詞 as to （至于）后還接有一個(gè)賓語從句。32 空要填的詞是引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中充當(dāng)主語,指人,所以答案為who。例 2:（2009 佛山二模）InJapan,forexam

4、ple,itisnormalfor the woman to sendchocolates to the man, _37_inKorea April 14thisknownas“ BlackDaytheunfortunate men who received nothing on Valentine s Daygather to eat noand show sympathy for each other.因In Japan, it is與in- Korea April 14th is兩句之間沒有連詞或分號(hào)應(yīng)當(dāng)填連 詞,兩句之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，故填并列連詞while。在后一分句中when（是 的

5、日t候） 引導(dǎo)表語從句,在表語從句中主語the unfortunate men 后接定語從句whoreceivednothing on Valentine 而 sgDaathye, r to eatnoodles and show sympathy for each other 是并列謂語。類型二:復(fù)雜修飾成分句子本不難,但是修飾成分多且長(zhǎng)。在同一個(gè)句子里既有從句又有介詞短語或非謂語動(dòng)詞短語,且都不止一個(gè)。例 3:（2009茂名一模）In Indonesia, where Obamalived_35_a child,hundreds of students at hisformerelemen

6、taryschooleruptedincheerswhenhe36_（declare）winner, pouring into the courtyard_37_they hugged,danced in the rain and chanted“ ObamObama! ”這個(gè)句子的主句為 hundreds of students erupted incheers。 這個(gè)句子修飾語 很多：地點(diǎn)狀語In Indonesia,后跟where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，對(duì)Indonesia 起補(bǔ)充說明作用; 由 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句; 現(xiàn)在分詞短語pouringintothe courtyard

7、 作狀語,后跟where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句,定語從句中有三個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞。（答案:35.as36.wasdeclared37. where）例 4:（2009肇慶質(zhì)量檢測(cè) ）Beingveryshortofmoneyandwantingtodosomething_32_（use）,Iapplied,fearing asI did so, that_33_a degree and with no experience ofteaching my chances of getting the job were slim.這個(gè)句子的主句為I applied。前面兩個(gè)并列的現(xiàn)在分詞短語 Being v

8、ery short of money and wanting to dosomething 32(use)做原因狀語；后面一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語fearing作伴隨狀語,fearing后跟as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；在that my chances of getting the job wereslim 這個(gè)賓語從句中,兩個(gè)并列的介詞短語without adegreeand with no experience of teaching 在賓語從句中作原因狀語。(32. useful33 without)類型三:分隔結(jié)構(gòu)有些句子將語法關(guān)系密切的兩個(gè)句子成分用其他語法成分分隔開來?？荚囍?/p>

9、出現(xiàn)較多的是先行詞與定語從句的分隔,主語與謂語的分隔。例 5:(2007 年廣東卷) “ While she was gettingme_34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillage was tying up his horse to my Car to pullitto_35_smalltownsome20kilometersaway_36_therewas a garage. ”由36空(where)弓I導(dǎo)的定語從句與先行詞 a small town之間被some 20 kilometers away分隔開了，對(duì)解題造成一定難度。(

10、34. settled35. a36. where)例 6:Some are young people_37, for one reason oranother, have left home and have nowhere to live.主句為 Some are young people 先彳亍同 young people后接定語從句 淇中充 當(dāng)主語的關(guān)系代詞與從句的謂語被forone reason or another 分割。例 7:(2008 廣州二模)Butthelivesoftheancientpeoplewho once lived around thelake and_31_

11、culture wasthoughttobehighlyadvanced,havelongremainedasecret. 句子的主干是 thelivesoftheancientpeoplehavelongremained a secret.在 the ancient people后面帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)，另一個(gè)由whose引導(dǎo)，主句的主 語與謂語之間隔著兩個(gè)定語從句。(31. whose)鞏固練習(xí)按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。1 .（2009 年廣東卷）Besides,shopping at this time

12、oftheyearwasnot_33_pleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyour feet or 34（push）you with their elbows（肘部）,hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.2 .（2009廣州一模）The boy, who had remained silent anddeep in thought on thejourney home,_34_（reply） in away that shocked his father.3 .（2009廣州一模）He envied the farmers wh

13、o hadthebeautifulnightstarstogivethemlight35_hisfamilyhadonly expensive lanterns.4 .（2009汕頭一模）38he was discouraged or faceddifficult problems he wouldopen the box, take out animaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautifulchild39_had put it there.5 .（2009廣州調(diào)研）From that day the cat,_40_neverf

14、inished and lost hisplace on the calendar, became theenemy of the rat.6 .（2008深圳一模）Allofasudden,herhandicapwasgoneand all I saw was thisbeautiful girl,_35_smilejustmeltedme_36_almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsense of_37_life is all about.7 .（2008佛山二模）They broke through twoglassdoors,_36_（run）toth

15、emuseum stopfloorandgrabbedthe two paintings fromdifferent rooms,somehow_37_（avoid） nearby guards.8 . But each time you try something,youlearn,and_39_thelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.9 . He got some odd bits of cloth,_38_（make） tworollswiththem,andhadhisearspluggedwiththetwoclothrolls.10 . Many

16、 of them have had a serious disagreement withtheirparentsandhavelefthome,_38_(choose)togotoa city and live on the streets.11 . But now, he will probably look out of the windowor hide behind his newspaper,_32_(leave) the ladystanding33_someone else gets off.12 .There are moments inlife_31_youmiss som

17、eoneso much that you just want to pick them from your dreamsand hug them for real!13 . The custom of crying marriage existed a long timeago in many areas of Southwest China s Sichuan Province,and_32_(remain) in fashion_33the end of the QingDynasty.14 . These visitors from all parts of the countrybro

18、ughtinmoney, butthe rubbish theyleft_36_(draw)more and more rats onto the island.15 .Sonow,_38_Itravel,IalwaysbearinmindwhatI should bring in,_39_I don t want to bring anythingthat is strange,_40_(need) or even dangerous to mydestination.參考答案1. (33. a34. pushed )2. (34. replied.)3. (35. while/becaus