動(dòng)詞不定式的形式

1、動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式的形式動(dòng)詞不定式的形式 動(dòng)詞不定式（動(dòng)詞不定式（the Infinitive）是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 由由“to+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成， 其否定式是其否定式是“not to+ 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”。動(dòng)詞不定式雖然不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但仍保留。動(dòng)詞不定式雖然不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但仍保留動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。如不定式短語(yǔ)。如to study hard， to play basketball。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式

2、 被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 完成進(jìn)行式 to have being doing 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 1. Kate hopes to become a university student this year. 凱特希望今年能成為一名大學(xué)生。2. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉讓你久等了。3. They seemed to be discussing

3、 something important. 他們似乎正在討論重要的事情。4. She wishes to be sent to work in Shanghai. 她希望能被派到上海工作。Examples：動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 1 1作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) To talk with him is a great pleasure. 注意：動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式短語(yǔ)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。如：It is a great pleasure to talk with him.It is a great pleasure t

4、o see you again. 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 3 3作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)（1）有些及物動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。這些動(dòng)詞有：ask, want, try, hope, wish, learn, choose, decide, expect, afford等。如：Lucy wants to buy a computer. We cant afford to go on vacation this year. 2 2作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)His wish is to become a basketball star like Yao Ming. 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式

5、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 3 3作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)（2）不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用it作形式形式賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)。如：I find it interesting to study yoga.動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 4 4作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask, invite, help, tell, hear，make等。如：I invited her to have coffee. Tell the children not to play on t

6、he street. 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 4 4作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)注：（1）在feel, hear, see, watch, notice等感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞或let, make, have等使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞后面，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞不定式通常不帶不帶to。但上述動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后的不定式仍須帶須帶to。如：We often hear him sing in the room. He was seen to enter the theatre. 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 5 5作定

7、語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式可用作修飾名詞名詞或代詞代詞的定語(yǔ)，用作定語(yǔ)的不定式需跟在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后跟在所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：We need someone to help him with the typing.She is a very nice person to work with.動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 6 6作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式可用作修飾動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞或形容詞形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，通常放在其修飾的動(dòng)詞或形容詞之后動(dòng)詞或形容詞之后。如：(1) The young often come here to listen to the old mantell s

8、tories. (作目的狀語(yǔ))(2) Everyone will be surprised to see the changes in Beijing. (作原因狀語(yǔ))(3)The hall is big enough to hold a lot of people. (作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 7 7動(dòng)詞不定式的其他用法動(dòng)詞不定式的其他用法(1) 疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式疑問(wèn)詞what，who，which，when，where，how和連詞whether之后，可跟一個(gè)帶“to”的不定式，構(gòu)成一個(gè)特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)，可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

9、、表語(yǔ)。如：How to get there has not been decided yet. （主語(yǔ)）Kate didnt know what to say. （賓語(yǔ)）動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 7 7動(dòng)詞不定式的其他用法動(dòng)詞不定式的其他用法（2）“for+名詞或代詞賓格+ 不定式” 和“of+名詞或代詞賓格+ 不定式”的用法當(dāng)前面的形容詞表示不定式行為的特點(diǎn)時(shí)，常用“for+名詞或代詞賓格+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)；而當(dāng)前面的形容詞表示不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)，即行為人的品行特點(diǎn)時(shí)，則用“of+名詞或代詞賓格+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：It

10、s impossible for him to finish the work himself. Its very kind of you to help him every day. 1. Each bird loves to hear itself sing. 2. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise. 3. Eat to live, but not live to eat. 4. It is hard to please all. 5. One is never too old to le

11、arn. 6. To save time is to lengthen life.人人都有悅己之心。人人都有悅己之心。早睡早起，健康、財(cái)富、智慧伴你行。早睡早起，健康、財(cái)富、智慧伴你行。吃飯為了生存，但生存吃飯為了生存，但生存不能只為了吃飯。不能只為了吃飯。眾口難調(diào)眾口難調(diào)?；畹嚼希瑢W(xué)到老。活到老，學(xué)到老。珍惜時(shí)間就是延長(zhǎng)生命。珍惜時(shí)間就是延長(zhǎng)生命。 His wish is Its fun She didnt work hard enough Mr. Lin refused She is a nice person 6. They asked me a. to work with.b. not

12、 to worry about the accident.c. to become a scientist. d. to pass the exam. e. to talk with his manager. f. to swim in summer.作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)1. This book tells you how you can win at chess. This book tells you _ at chess.2. Could you please tell me where I can buy the dictionary

13、? Could you please tell me _ the dictionary?3. The students are discussing what they will do with the rubbish. The students are discussing _with the rubbish.Many countries have discovered how they can save their rainforests. Many countries have discovered how to save their rainforests.how to winwher

14、e to buywhat to doC. Think and rewrite. “Please send the letter for me.” Lily said to Mary. Lily asked Mary to send the letter for her.4. Mrs. Green said to us, “Turn off the lights when leaving the room.” Mrs. Green told us _ off the lights when leaving the room.5. “Dont stay up too late, Tom”. Mot

15、her said. Mother told Tom _ up too late.6. “Dont make so much noise!” The police ordered the young man. The police ordered the young man _ so much noise.to turnnot to staynot to makeD. Read and complete. 1. _ (生活在上海) is my lifetime dream. 2. Father promised _ (給他買輛自行車)on his 18th birthday.3. Could y

16、ou help me _（尋找鑰匙）? I cant find them.4. After walking for three hours, we stopped _(休息)5. Its so hot today. Id like to have _(喝的東西).To live in Shanghaito buy him a new bicycle(to) look for the keysto have a restsomething to drinkWhat have we learned?1. The rainforest and the problems of it.greatest

17、treasure, valuable, warm, a lot of rain, perfectFor animals and plants, home for half the speciesDisappearing, being cut for wood, cleared for cities androads, burned for farmland2. Ways to protect the rainforest. Ecotourism, set aside land as wild rainforest3. Grammar: the Infinitive 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)，作賓補(bǔ)，作表語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)，作賓補(bǔ)，作表語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)