高考對(duì)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組考查

1、高考對(duì)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組考查河南動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的核心，也是構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子最 基本的成分。動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組的靈活運(yùn)用是英語(yǔ)的一大特 點(diǎn)，是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)，更是每年高考中測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。本 文通過(guò)近三年高考對(duì)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組的真題進(jìn)行分析和總 結(jié)，希望能夠幫助學(xué)生提高動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組試題的解題能力一、考查具體語(yǔ)境中動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析近三年，高考對(duì)動(dòng)詞詞義的考查，多出現(xiàn)在完形填空中。 在做題時(shí)，要根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境和選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞的含義來(lái)確定 最終答案典例 1 the vehicle, they saw that a womanwas trying to get out of the broken window.

2、 （2016 年 全國(guó)卷I,完形填空）A. StartingB. ParkingC. PassingD. Approaching解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)該是靠近車。start ”開(kāi)始，發(fā) 動(dòng)"；park “泊車”；pass ”經(jīng)過(guò)，傳遞”；approach “靠 近”。故答案選D【典 例 2 】My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “myjob. Family to

3、 feed. （2015 年全國(guó)卷 I,完形填空）A. LostB. ChangedC. QuitD. Finished解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，紙上寫的是“丟了工作，還有家 人要養(yǎng)活?！惫蚀鸢高xA二、考查動(dòng)詞近義詞的辨析【典例 1 Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is tothe soul of Qu Yuan. （2014年江蘇卷）A. rememberB. remindC. recoverD. recall解析：remember, remind, recall三個(gè)詞意思相近。 remember ”記住，記起&

4、quot;；remind ”提醒，使想起”； recover “恢復(fù)” ；recall ”使想起，回想，召回”；根據(jù) 句子意思可知，答案選D1【典例 2 Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry wasalong 165 northafter delivering to one of his customers. （2016 年全 國(guó)卷I,完形填空）A. walkingB. touringC. travelingD. rushing解析：根據(jù)文意可知，Larry在運(yùn)輸公司工作，在2009年 的一。早上

5、，Larry正沿著165公路向北行駛著。tour “旅 行，巡回演出“；travel ”旅行，行駛”，根據(jù)題意可知， 答案應(yīng)該選C三、考查動(dòng)詞的熟詞生義和一詞多義從近三年的高考真題來(lái)看，高考命題非常重視對(duì)動(dòng)詞的熟 詞生義和一詞多義的考查，這種現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在完形和閱讀 中。有些考生不懂這些熟詞的“新含義”，而無(wú)法正確理解 文章或題干的含義，因此丟分【典例 1 】They had begun to integrate （融合）the kinds of play and teamwork they hadthe day beforeinto their game. （2015年全國(guó)卷II,完形填空）A

6、. seenB. knowC. heardD. read解析：Ao see常見(jiàn)的含義是“看見(jiàn)”，根據(jù)本空前后的意 思可知，這里的含義應(yīng)是“領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解"。如：It shows that your child hasnJ t seen the point of the story.這表 明你的孩子還沒(méi)有領(lǐng)會(huì)故事的意思。此外，see還有“認(rèn)為， 見(jiàn)證，參觀”等含義【典例 2 Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. （2016年全國(guó)卷

7、H,任務(wù)型閱讀）解析：translate常見(jiàn)含義是“翻譯”，但在這個(gè)句子里 是“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)化”的意思。再如：Your decision must be translated into specific, concrete actions. 你的決 定必須轉(zhuǎn)化為具體明確的行動(dòng)。此外，translate還有“理 解，解釋”的含義【典例 3 During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. （2016 年 浙江卷，完形填空）解析：station常見(jiàn)的意思是“車站”，在本句中的新義 是“

8、駐扎”四、考查不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在歷年高考題中所占比例也很大，主要出現(xiàn)在完 形填空題中，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，以此來(lái)考查 考生在語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)意義的理解和運(yùn)用能力?！镜淅?1 Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. （2016 年全國(guó)卷I,完形填空）A. stepped forwardB. backed offC. moved onD. set out解析：根據(jù)“l(fā)et them go to work”，可知答案選Bo st

9、ep forward “邁向前"；back off “后退” ；move on “繼 續(xù)“；set out “ 出發(fā)”【典例 2 Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again tomy owncancer experience? （2015年江蘇卷，完形填空）A. learn fromB. go overC. get throughD. refer to解析：根據(jù) ulook to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again” 及后半句意思可知，答案選C。le

10、arn from ”向?qū)W習(xí)”； go over “復(fù)習(xí)”；get through”熬過(guò)，通過(guò)"；refer 1t?！皡⒖迹婕?，指的是“典例 3 That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had tothe challenge of gettingthings fixed. （2014年重慶卷，完形填空）A. come up withB. face up toC. look forward toD. step away from解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，作者不得不面對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)，故答 案選 Bo come up

11、 with “提出”；face up to "勇敢面對(duì)"； look forward to “盼望，期望"；step away from “遠(yuǎn)離”五、考查同根動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析對(duì)同根動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析的考查，也多在完形填空題中進(jìn)行考 查。根據(jù)上下文和語(yǔ)境來(lái)確定答案。這要求學(xué)生對(duì)同根動(dòng)詞 所構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)要有精準(zhǔn)的掌握典例】The man who had his bright lights on and told Larry he had made an emergency call. （2016年全國(guó)卷I,完形填空）A. came downB. came throughC.

12、 came inD. came over解析：句意：車燈一直亮著的車的車主走了過(guò)來(lái)，告訴 Larry他已經(jīng)打了急救電話。come down”下降，降低，被 拆毀" ；come through “經(jīng)歷”；come in "M 入，卷入”； come over “走過(guò)來(lái)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，答案為D六、考查同根介詞或副詞動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析【典例】Itthat among other things, he wasan eighty-year-old writer. （2015 年江蘇卷，完形填空）A. came outB. worked outC. proved outD. turned

13、 out解析：come out ”出版，開(kāi)花"；work out "鍛煉，計(jì) 算出“；prove out “證明"；turnout ”結(jié)果是,原來(lái)是"。 根據(jù)句意可知，答案為D七、考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞或副詞的搭配動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)也是高考中的主要考點(diǎn)，這 類題多在完形填空題、語(yǔ)法填空題和短文改錯(cuò)題中進(jìn)行考 查。學(xué)生在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中，要多對(duì)包含有介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞 短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行歸納記憶【典例 1 My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. （2016

14、 年全國(guó)卷，短文 改錯(cuò)）i解析：dream of/about doing sth ”夢(mèng)想做某事”，故在 dreams 后力口 of/about【典例 2 We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appealour emotionsthan for straight facts. （2015 年浙江卷）解析：appeal to “對(duì)有吸引力，對(duì)有感染力”， 固定搭配。故答案填to【典例 3 Anyway, were here now, so lets get down some serious wo

15、rk.解析：get down to ”開(kāi)始做，著手做"，固定搭配。故 答案填to八、常考動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)歸納1. breakbreak down損壞，出毛病break in闖入，插話break off （使）分離，停止，斷交break out （戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）爆發(fā)，逃出（無(wú)被動(dòng)式） break through突圍,突破break up驅(qū)散，（使）散開(kāi)break away from脫離，打破，放棄2. bringbring about使倒下，使下降bring forward 提出bring in把拿進(jìn)來(lái)，收獲，賺（錢）bring up sb撫養(yǎng)某人bring up sth 提出bring up 嘔吐

16、bring to an end 結(jié)束二come to an end3. callcall on sb拜訪，號(hào)召call at訪問(wèn)（某人的家）；（火車、船）?？縞all for 需要call off取消（計(jì)劃，比賽）call out （call out+to sb）大聲地叫call up sb打電話4. comecome across偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然遇到come on快點(diǎn)（口），開(kāi)始，到來(lái)，舉行，走吧，一起去come in進(jìn)來(lái)，上市come out出來(lái)，出發(fā)，結(jié)果come to蘇醒，總共，達(dá)到come up上升，升起5. cutcut away 切除cut through走近路，穿透cut dow

17、n砍倒，減少，壓縮（開(kāi)支）cut off切斷（關(guān)系，來(lái)往），中止（電話，思維）cut out刪掉/改掉（惡習(xí)），停止6. diedie from死于，因而死die off相繼死亡die away聲音變?nèi)?，漸漸消失die down慢慢地熄滅（風(fēng),火）die out熄滅，變?nèi)酰?，滅絕（動(dòng)物）7. fallfall asleep 去睡覺(jué)二go to sleepfall ill 病了fall back后退，后撤fall behind落后，跟不上fall off減少，從摔下來(lái)8. getget about到處走,消息的傳開(kāi)get across穿過(guò)，領(lǐng)會(huì)get away逃掉，離開(kāi)，擺脫get down

18、從下來(lái)，寫下來(lái)，記下來(lái)get along with進(jìn)展，友好相處iget in進(jìn)去，收獲get off離開(kāi)，下車get on上車get over克服（困難），從病中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)get around 二spread 傳開(kāi)get through完成，通過(guò)，用完，從人群中通過(guò)，接通電 話get to到達(dá)get together 聚會(huì)，達(dá)成一致get into trouble 陷入get rid of擺脫，去掉9. givegive away分發(fā)，出賣，放棄give in屈服give off放出（氣體，光）give out公布，用盡，分發(fā)give up放棄，停止做某事give over交出，移交10. l

19、eaveleave alone不要管（某人），不要碰（某物）leave behind遺留，留下，超過(guò)leave off （使）停止，中斷l(xiāng)eave out h掉，漏掉leave over剩下，暫時(shí)不去解決11. putput off推遲，延期put on穿上，上演，播放，打開(kāi)put out伸出，撲滅，生產(chǎn)，出版put through接通電話；使經(jīng)歷（困難等）put up舉起，建立，張貼，提出put up with 忍受put forward提出,把提前put down放下，寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓put away收拾起來(lái)，儲(chǔ)存put aside放在一邊，儲(chǔ)存，忽視put together裝配（零件等），整理

20、12. taketake down取下，記下，拆除take off起飛，脫去，成名take on接受，承擔(dān)，雇傭，呈現(xiàn)take over接替，接管，繼承take up拿起，開(kāi)始從事，占用，接下去take in吸收，欺騙，收容take away拿走，奪去take after模仿,與相像take back拿回，收回，退貨take to喜歡，沉迷于13. turnturn to求助于，轉(zhuǎn)向，翻到turn out生產(chǎn)，關(guān)掉，結(jié)果是 turn on打。（燈等），取決于，襲擊turn off關(guān)掉，使（某人）厭煩turn down拒絕，調(diào)低turn up出現(xiàn)，調(diào)高turn over翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)，把移交turn

21、 in上繳，告發(fā)turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身14. setset out著手做，出發(fā)，陳述set off出發(fā)，使爆炸set down放下，記下set aside留出，拋棄（意見(jiàn)、習(xí)慣等）set up設(shè)立，建立set about 著手做 （set about doing=set out to do）九、鞏固練習(xí)（一）單句填空1. Time-travel TV series( achieve ) greatsuccess and attracted many fans back to TV.2. My parents dont allow me to join the club. Be patie

22、nt. They cannot be(expect) toaccept the new idea quickly.3. During the two conferences, the journalists from the whole country(cover) many problems thepeasants were greatly concerned about.4. Considering his health I advise him tosetan hour or two each day to work out.5. Mary often does some transla

23、tion work to earn extra money, which accounts,half of her income.6. I dont know why he brokein the middle ofa sentence.7. It is bad manners to turnan invitationwithout a reason.8. He was driving home on the highway last night when a policeman stopped him and(accuse) him ofspeeding.9. As the train ra

24、n faster and faster, the lights of the city were soon left.110. Since Jerry is absent today, lets get someone else to takethe work where it was left offyesterday.11. If you want(accomplish) your goals anddreams, you have to be willing to pay the price.12. Thousands of visitors(attract) to theXian In

25、ternational Horticultural Exposition.13. Body language can givea lot about yourmood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.14. While doing shopping, people often cant help purchasing the goodsthrough media.A.advocatedB.announcedC.advertisedD. competed15

26、. On his way home , hehis shirt pocket tofind his glasses, but they were gone.A. reached intoB. burst intoC. knocked intoD. went into16. Mike is tall and strong. In other words, he has got what itto become a good basketball player.A. costsB. offersC. takesD. involves17. I cantwhat has happened to th

27、evegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning. A. draw outB. look outC. figure outD. work out18. Maxwell is a long-time editor whose novels are a treasure： elegant, accessible and loved by nearly everyone who.A. picks them upB. looks them upC. goes over themD. takes over them19. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to.A.disappearB