完形填空解題技巧

1、Cloze 1.解題技巧解題技巧2.主要考點主要考點完形填空（完形填空（Cloze 10%）測試學(xué)生理解測試學(xué)生理解篇章篇章、有效使用、有效使用詞匯詞匯和靈活運用和靈活運用語法語法的能的能力。在四級考試中，在此項的得分一般在力。在四級考試中，在此項的得分一般在55.5分分,沒有沒有達(dá)到及格分。達(dá)到及格分?？疾槟繕?biāo):詞義辨析;固定搭配;語法結(jié)構(gòu);上下文邏輯關(guān)系 (如連貫性和一致性等）完形填空備忘 1 拿到題目，要明白考點是什么拿到題目，要明白考點是什么, 每一題必然是考某一個點，如每一題必然是考某一個點，如果你在選擇答案時已經(jīng)知道考點，那么果你在選擇答案時已經(jīng)知道考點，那么90%的可能這道題里做

2、對的可能這道題里做對了。了。2 從語法著手不行之后，在從句意著手，透徹理解句子的意思。從語法著手不行之后，在從句意著手，透徹理解句子的意思。3 總是第一反應(yīng)，因為第一反應(yīng)往往來自于語感?？偸堑谝环磻?yīng)，因為第一反應(yīng)往往來自于語感。4 容易的熟悉的題要一跳而過，難題也不要多花時間，先猜一個容易的熟悉的題要一跳而過，難題也不要多花時間，先猜一個答案，（以免后來時間緊，忘記），再在題目前做一個記號，等到答案，（以免后來時間緊，忘記），再在題目前做一個記號，等到檢查時，再考慮。也許在做其它題目時，你會得到某種啟示。檢查時，再考慮。也許在做其它題目時，你會得到某種啟示。5 掌握語法結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)則，記住短語搭配

3、，用熟悉的短語去推斷正確掌握語法結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)則，記住短語搭配，用熟悉的短語去推斷正確的答案。的答案。解題方法解題方法 1、 邏輯關(guān)系定位法：邏輯關(guān)系定位法： 并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 比較關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等比較關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等 2、 同現(xiàn)原則同現(xiàn)原則 3、 復(fù)現(xiàn)原則復(fù)現(xiàn)原則 4、 關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)原則關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)原則 5、 數(shù)字時間線索數(shù)字時間線索 6、 對應(yīng)成分分析法對應(yīng)成分分析法 7、 語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析 8、 無關(guān)詞排除法無關(guān)詞排除法cloze 解題技巧解題技巧 1）根據(jù)上下文認(rèn)真尋找解題線索）根據(jù)上下文認(rèn)真尋找解題線索 在做這類題時在做這類題時，要利用語感要利用語感;

4、要要“瞻前瞻前 顧后顧后”, 用常用常識識,背景知識解題背景知識解題; 2) 利用詞匯知識利用詞匯知識,根據(jù)詞法根據(jù)詞法,句法句法,固定搭配和慣用法來固定搭配和慣用法來解題。解題。 3) 運用篇章技巧批判斷運用篇章技巧批判斷 邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系 (語篇銜接題語篇銜接題) ?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系有常考的邏輯關(guān)系有: 遞進(jìn)遞進(jìn), 轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折, 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系英語知識語法結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯語篇銜接時態(tài)語態(tài)虛擬語氣非限定動詞句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子與句子之間的關(guān)系段落與段落之間的關(guān)系不定式分詞動名詞1. 解題技巧解題技巧1）根據(jù)上下文認(rèn)真尋找解題線索）根據(jù)上下文認(rèn)真尋找解題線索 做這一類題重要的是在選擇答案前認(rèn)真通讀上下文做這一類題

5、重要的是在選擇答案前認(rèn)真通讀上下文,如果只讀有如果只讀有選擇空項的那個單句就選答案選擇空項的那個單句就選答案,很有可能選錯。因此很有可能選錯。因此,認(rèn)真尋找線索認(rèn)真尋找線索是很重要的。是很重要的。The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listenerinterfere with his comprehension A. who B. as C. which D. whatIt has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 pe

6、rcent fatal to rats, yet， examining of the dead bodies, we find the animals look completely normal. A. upon B. at C. through D. within 04年1月 Its an annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that 71 evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve ed

7、ucational standards, 72 are throwing the books at kids. 73 elementary school students are complaining of homework. Whats a well-meaning parent to do? 71. A very B exact C right D usual 72. A officials B parents C experts D schools 73. A Also B Even C Then D However線索線索1 1：答案在選擇空項本句之中：答案在選擇空項本句之中。在做這

8、類題時在做這類題時，要要利用語感利用語感。The former focuses on the natural world; the 81 starts with human being.(CET-4)A. second B.later C.next D.latter線索線索2 2：答案在選擇空項上文之中：答案在選擇空項上文之中。因此，在做這一類題因此，在做這一類題時，要時，要“瞻前瞻前”。There are four types of blood. 77 types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race.(19

9、98.1 CET-4) A. No B. Most C. All D. Some 線索線索3 3：答案在選擇空項下文之中：答案在選擇空項下文之中。因此，做這一類題時，因此，做這一類題時，要要“顧后顧后”。6. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that the pilot had 76 and asked if any the passengers knew anything about machine or at least how to drive a car. A. fallen B. fail

10、ed C. faded D. fainted線索線索4:利用常識利用常識,背景知識解題背景知識解題The plane shook violently as it touched the ground and then moved rapidly 90 the runway and after a long run it stopped safely.（CET-4）A. around B. over C. along D. aboveOn summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie. I knew the the

11、atre would be air-conditioned and I couldnt face my 71 apartment .(2002.1 CET- 4 ) A. warm B. hot C. heated D. coolThe task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students, long 71 they graduate from high school.(1998.6 CET-4)A. as B. before C. since D. after解析：根據(jù)背景知識，美

12、國大學(xué)在學(xué)生高中畢業(yè)之前就解析：根據(jù)背景知識，美國大學(xué)在學(xué)生高中畢業(yè)之前就在進(jìn)行接受和招收學(xué)生的工作。在進(jìn)行接受和招收學(xué)生的工作。2 2) ) 利用詞匯知識利用詞匯知識, ,根據(jù)詞法根據(jù)詞法, ,句法句法, ,固定搭配和慣用法固定搭配和慣用法來解題。來解題。These students take special 72 to prepare for advanced study. (1998.6 CET-4)A. majors B. disciplines C. courses D. subjects Do something else for a couple of minutes, 73 t

13、he name may come into your head.(1995.1 CET-4) A.unless B.and C.or D. until本題考點本題考點: 祈使句祈使句 + and 的句型的句型本題考點本題考點: take courses 的固定搭配的固定搭配Under 89 circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄騙哄騙) 90 forced to eat.(1997.6 CET-4)89.A. some B. any C. such D. no 90. A. or B. nor C.but D.neither Students can l

14、earn the right answer 82 heart in class, and yet never combine them 83 their working models of the world. （2000.1 CET-4）82. A. to B. by C. in D. with83. A. with B. into C. to D. along 89題考點題考點: 倒裝句。倒裝句。under no circumstances表示否定，意為表示否定，意為“決不決不”82 題考點題考點: 固定搭配固定搭配 learn by heart83題考點題考點: 固定搭配固定搭配 com

15、bine with Unless professors address 88 errors in students personal models, students are not 89 to replace them with 90 ones. （2000.1 CET-4）88.A.general B.natural C.similar D.specific89).A.obliged B.likely C.probable D.partial90.A.perfect B.better C.reasonable D.correct The initial effort to recall 7

16、7 the mind for operations ,.(1995.6 CET-4) A. leads B. begins C. helps D. prepares本本 題考點題考點: 固定搭配固定搭配 prepare for 完形填空的主要考點完形填空的主要考點詞義辨析題詞義辨析題: 動詞動詞.形容詞和名詞的深層詞義和用法形容詞和名詞的深層詞義和用法 Too often careless use of words _ the meeting of minds of the speakers and listeners. A. prevent B. destroy C. protect D.

17、destructWhen the new students are finally _80_，there may be one more step they have to take before registering for classes and getting to work. 80. A. adopted B. admitted C. received D. permittedI support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be _ to it,A connected B

18、fastened C bound D stuck在具體解題時在具體解題時,要學(xué)會猜測考點要學(xué)會猜測考點,弄清楚該題是測試對篇章的掌握或弄清楚該題是測試對篇章的掌握或語法結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活應(yīng)用。語法結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活應(yīng)用。1. 運用詞匯知識解答詞匯辯異題運用詞匯知識解答詞匯辯異題Friendship _ to be a unique form of human bonding. (CET4 2001.6 第第65題題)A) feels B) leads C) sounds D) appears2. 運用語法知識選填結(jié)構(gòu)詞運用語法知識選填結(jié)構(gòu)詞Under _ circumstance must a child b

19、e coaxed or forced to eat. (CET4 1997.6 第第79題題)A) some B) any C) such D) no3. 運用篇章技巧解語義辨析題運用篇章技巧解語義辨析題This is the third time in six months that attempts have been made to smuggle _ goods through customs by declaring them to be medical supplies. A) immoral B) criminal C) illegal D) irregular 2) 語法結(jié)構(gòu)題

20、語法結(jié)構(gòu)題: 包括并列連詞、從句引導(dǎo)詞、短語引導(dǎo)包括并列連詞、從句引導(dǎo)詞、短語引導(dǎo)詞、構(gòu)成固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)的詞語以及代表重點語法結(jié)構(gòu)的詞、構(gòu)成固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)的詞語以及代表重點語法結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞形式等等。動詞形式等等。However，inaccurate or indefinite words may makedifficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to himA. that B.it C.so D.this enough vitamins is essential to life， a

21、lthough thebody has no nutritional use for extra vitamins.A. Supplying，B. Getting，C. Providing，D. Furnishing本題考點本題考點: 句型句型make it difficult for sb. to do sth.本題考點本題考點: 非謂語動詞的邏輯主語非謂語動詞的邏輯主語 The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back, or go on to s

22、omething new _79_ is better and higher than anything _80_ the past. 79. A. that B. what C. whichever D. whatever 80. A. for B. to C. within D. in 本題考點本題考點: 定定 語從句引導(dǎo)詞語從句引導(dǎo)詞本題考點本題考點: 介詞介詞本題考點本題考點: 是謂語動詞虛擬語氣的用法。是謂語動詞虛擬語氣的用法。If all places _87_ alike, there would be little need for geographers. 87. A. be

23、ing B. are C. be D. were The word geography comes from two Greek words, “ge”, the Greek word for“earth”, and graphein, _means“to write” A）what B）that C）which D）it Through these less direct routes，longer and slower, they generally go to places _the air is clean and scenery（風(fēng)景）is beautiful，and the dri

24、ver may have a A）there B）when C）which D）where 本題考點本題考點: 定定 語從句引導(dǎo)詞語從句引導(dǎo)詞本題考點本題考點: 非限定性定非限定性定 語從句的引導(dǎo)詞語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 People see the sun moving _80_ the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary _81_ that is happening. 80. A. around B. across C. on D. above 81. A. since B. so C. while D. fo

25、r 本題考點本題考點: 常用介詞本題考點本題考點: 時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞。They also suggest that our readers shouldnt look for friends only among those who are most like them, but find many _ differ in race, religion, and ethnic background. (CET4 2001.6. 第第78題題)A) people B) who C) what D) friends本題考點本題考點: 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。3. 邏輯關(guān)系題邏輯關(guān)系題(語篇銜接題語篇銜接

26、題)?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系有?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系有: 遞進(jìn)遞進(jìn), 轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折, 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系遞進(jìn)關(guān)系遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，通常用通常用not onlybut also, bothand, moreover, besides, whats more, furthermore, in addition 等詞或詞組表示等詞或詞組表示.因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系，表原因的詞或詞組有：表原因的詞或詞組有：because , because of, be due to, for, since, on account of等；等；表結(jié)果的詞或詞組有：表結(jié)果的詞或詞組有：as a consequence/result , consequent

27、ly, therefore, so, in that case , on that account, for this/that reason等。等。對比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系對比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常用以下詞或詞組表達(dá)：常用以下詞或詞組表達(dá)：but, whereas, in spite of, however, on the contrary, on the other hand 等等The foreign research scholar usually isolates (himself) in the laboratory; _77_, what he needs is to be fitted (wit

28、h) a highly organized university system quite different from (that) at home. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also 3) 常考的邏輯關(guān)系有?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系有: 遞進(jìn)遞進(jìn), 轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折, 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系 In the United States, professor have many other duties (besides) teaching, such as administrative or research work. _87_ the time that a

29、professor can spend on a student outside of class is limited. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Nevertheless Professors should avoid repeating what is in the text book in lectures material. “_weve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on, not repeated.” (CET4 2001.1第

30、第86題題)A) until B) Unless C) Once D) However3. 邏輯關(guān)系題邏輯關(guān)系題(語篇銜接題語篇銜接題)?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系有?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系有: 遞進(jìn)遞進(jìn), 轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折, 因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系 Suddenly she stopped，turned_ ，and looked steadily at MrJohnson A）away B）round C）over D）aside _of these are good two-lane（雙車道）（雙車道）roads；others are uneven roads curving through the country A）All

31、 B）Several C）Lots D）Some 本題考點本題考點: 固定搭配固定搭配 some other If any man here does not agree with me, he should put _ his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.A) on B) out C) in D) forward 4) 固定搭配題固定搭配題 More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendshi

32、ps, what they expect 61_ friends, what they were willing to give in 62_ and how satisfied they were 63 _ the quality of their friendships. (CET4 2001.6 第第61題和題和63題題) 61. A) on B) of C) to D) for 62. A) return B) reply C) addition D) turn 63. A) about B) of C) with D) by It was as much as he could do

33、 to _ himself from turning aside(避開,回避). A) delay B) warn C) avoid D) preventThere was a moment of silence and the tobacco seller wondered what she was going to say_at once，in a clear，firm voice，the girl declared，“My dad is a policeman， A）And B) So C）But D）All A geographer might be described _ one w

34、ho observes，records，and explains the differences between places A）for B）to C）as D）by 1 動詞的時態(tài) The situation _ (become) worse the moment I _ (walk) into the room. By the time you _(arrive) in London next week , we _ (stay) in Europe for two weeks.had becomewalkedarriveshall have stayed1動詞的時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時 +si

35、nce./in the past years E.g. Dramatic changes _ in the past five years It has been five years since I last saw Tom. .have taken place2.被動語態(tài) 由“感官”動詞變成“連系動詞”， 主動形式表被動含義。 Taste, smell, feel, look, sound, appear, seen E.g. Silk feels soft and smooth. Good medicine tastes bitter. The book proves interesti

36、ng.The water is fit to_ (drink) .The machine is easy to_ (repair) .drinkrepair有些形容詞后面， 常用不定式的主動形式表被動含義。easy, hard, fit, nice, dangerous, difficult, interesting, pleasant, bitter, heavy, good， important.時間從句主句現(xiàn)在過去時（系動詞一律用were）Should,wouldCould,might 過去過去完成時Should,wouldcould,might將來ShouldWere to動詞的過去式

37、Should,wouldCould,might3.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣帶條件句的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)+have+p.p+V+V+V1)虛擬條件句虛擬條件句Type 1 （與現(xiàn)在相反）與現(xiàn)在相反）If +一般過去時態(tài)，主句一般過去時態(tài)，主句+ could/should/might/could+doIf I were you, Id take them away. If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. Type 2 （與過去相反）與過去相反）If +過去完

38、成時態(tài)，主句過去完成時態(tài)，主句+ would/should/ might/could+have done sthYou would have missed the train if you had not hurried. If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 3.虛擬語氣If +were to+do， If +過去式過去式If+should +doType 3（與將來相反）與將來相反）主句主句+ would/should/ might/could+do ）E.g.If he were to come tomor

39、row, If he came tomorrow,If he should come tomorrow, I might have time to see him.2) If 條件句中，條件句中，If 省掉，省掉， 從句倒裝，從句倒裝， 助動詞助動詞should, were , had 提前提前Were I you, I would accept the advice.Had he come yesterday, he would have seen the accident. Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be cance

40、lled.Were he to come tomorrow, he would have time to see you.3) 3) 含蓄虛擬條件句含蓄虛擬條件句有時假設(shè)的情況是通過一個介詞短語或其他方式表示。如：有時假設(shè)的情況是通過一個介詞短語或其他方式表示。如：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。等。Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. But for electricity (= If there were

41、no electricity), there would be no modern industry. He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.He felt tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.二）在二）在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和和would prefer等后面所跟的從句中，也可等后面所跟的從句中，也可以用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，

42、意為以用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“ “寧愿、但愿寧愿、但愿. 最好最好” ”。其。其形式為：形式為：從句謂語動詞用從句謂語動詞用“過去時過去時” 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r。表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r。從句謂語動詞用從句謂語動詞用 “過去完成式過去完成式” ”表示過去的情況。表示過去的情況。例如：例如：Id rather he didnt go now.要是他現(xiàn)在不走就好了要是他現(xiàn)在不走就好了Id just as soon you had been here yesterday.要是你昨天在這里就好了。要是你昨天在這里就好了。三）在句型三）在句型“ “It is (high/ about) timeIt

43、is (high/ about) time” ”后面也可以跟虛后面也可以跟虛擬語氣，從句中常用過去式。意為擬語氣，從句中常用過去式。意為“ “該是該是的時候了的時候了” ”。例如：例如：It is timeIt is time that the boy that the boy wentwent to school. to school.It was high timeIt was high time (that) the weather (that) the weather had improved.had improved.四）連接詞四）連接詞“ “in case, lest, for f

44、ear that”可以用來引導(dǎo)虛擬可以用來引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣。其形式通常為：語氣。其形式通常為：lest (in case, for fear that) + 主語主語 + should + 動詞原形動詞原形Lest, for fear that 句中的句中的 should 可以省去，可以省去， in case 句中句中的的 should 通常不省去，但是通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虛擬語句中可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。例如：氣，而用陳述語氣。例如：He took his coat with him in case it should rain.I will not make

45、a noise for fear that I should disturb you.Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.五五) 表示主觀推測建議，命令，要求的主語從句，賓語從表示主觀推測建議，命令，要求的主語從句，賓語從句，同位語從句和表語從句：句，同位語從句和表語從句：that+主主(should)+v表示主觀推測，建議，命令，要求從句謂語1.要求賓語從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣的詞： recommend, propose, move, suggest, require, request, dem

46、and, prefer, insist, maintain, desire, intend, order, resolve, urge, etc.+that+s+ (should)+v2 這類動詞變?yōu)檫^去分詞，從句中謂語動詞用虛擬形式 It is + Ved +3 在以下名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中: suggestion/ recommendation/ proposal/ motion/ desire /resolution /insistence/ instruction /order /preference/ /necessity /requirement/advice, etc.

47、He insisted that the meeting_.(推遲推遲)They proposed that all the plans _ at the meeting.(都應(yīng)該在會上討論。都應(yīng)該在會上討論。) be put offbe discussed atExamples : 1) It is desired that everything be ready by tonight . (主語從句主語從句)2).My recommendation was that another session be held to discuss the problem.(表語從句表語從句)3).Wh

48、at do you think of the proposal that he stay with us?(同位語從句同位語從句)4)The teacher recommended that a poll be made before decision making. 六）六） 虛擬語氣用在某些形容詞后的從句中。虛擬語氣用在某些形容詞后的從句中。 這些形容詞包括：這些形容詞包括： vital important/necessary/ essential urgent imperative desirable advisable naturalproper/urgent，虛擬語氣的形式為：從句中

49、的謂語動，虛擬語氣的形式為：從句中的謂語動詞用：詞用： should + 動詞原形動詞原形 1)Its necessary/essential that we should have a walk now. 2) It is desirable/advisable that theory (should) be closely combined with practice.3) It is natural that a child (should) love its mother.4) Its important/vital that we should take good care of t

50、he patient. 5) The board believed it urgent that these files be printed right away.七）七）wishwish后面所跟的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣表示某種不能實現(xiàn)的愿后面所跟的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣表示某種不能實現(xiàn)的愿 望。望。其主要形式有三種：其主要形式有三種：表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬： 動詞過去式動詞過去式 表示對過去情況的虛擬表示對過去情況的虛擬: : 過去完成式過去完成式表示對將來情況的虛擬：表示對將來情況的虛擬： would/ could + 動詞原形。動詞原形。 I wish I I wish

51、 I knewknew what was going to happen. what was going to happen.She wished she She wished she had stayedhad stayed at home. at home. I wish I I wish I werewere rich. rich.八八) If only:但愿，用法同但愿，用法同wish that相同。相同。 if only 連詞后的謂動用虛擬連詞后的謂動用虛擬1.If only Mr. Li were here.!2.If only I knew more!3.If only I ha

52、d listened to his advice!4.If only it would stop raining . As if/as though +were/V-ed (contrary to the present) As if/as though+had done (contrary to the past) Mary has a curious expression on her face as though she were smiling about something that amused her.九) as if /as though引導(dǎo)的定語從句5) 非謂語動詞 時態(tài)（完

53、成時態(tài)） Dr. Bush regretted _ (blame)his assistant for the mistake. _ (eat) our lunch, we resumed our discussion.having blamedHaving eaten1不定式的形式不定式的形式Active Passive 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have writtento have been written 進(jìn)行式 to be writing非限定動詞非限定動詞 (不定式，分詞，動名詞不定式，分詞，動名詞) e.g. Im sorry _ (kee

54、p) you waiting so long.The children appear to _ (enjoy ) themselves at the party.It annoys him very much to _ (interrupt) while he is writing.to have keptbe enjoyingbe interrupted2分詞的形式分詞的形式activepassive現(xiàn)在分現(xiàn)在分詞詞一般式一般式 writing being written 完成式完成式 Having written Having been written 過去分詞過去分詞Written 現(xiàn)在

55、分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動。 an exciting story an excited girl driving wheel 主動輪主動輪 driven wheel 從動輪從動輪現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞表示動作已完成?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞表示動作已完成。 developing countries developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家發(fā)達(dá)國家 boiling water 沸騰的水沸騰的水 boiled water 熟水熟水3.動名詞的形式動名詞的形式 activePassive一般式一般式DoingBeing done完成式

56、完成式Having doneHaving been doneIm sorry for _ (keep) you waiting .He cant imagine _ (scold) by his boss.having keptbeing scolded4)非謂語動詞作定語1 ，不定式作定語表示將來或一般的情況，不定式作定語表示將來或一般的情況 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示同謂語動詞動作同時進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示同謂語動詞動作同時進(jìn)行 過去分詞作定語表示被動完成過去分詞作定語表示被動完成e.g. the new cinema _ (build)last month the new cinema _ (b

57、uild )now. the new cinema _ (build ) next yearbuiltbeing builtto be built有些動詞要求只用動名詞作賓語。這類動詞有：有些動詞要求只用動名詞作賓語。這類動詞有：admit / anticipate/ appreciate/ avoid/ consider/deny /delay /enjoy/escape/excuse/ fancy/ imagine /resist /risk /recommend /finish /involve/ permit /postpone/practise/prevent 等等有些動詞后只能接不定式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：有些動詞后只能接不定式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：manage/ offer /promise /pretend /intend /desire /agree /determine /undertake /expect /afford /aim /arrange /bother /clai