人教版高一英語(yǔ)--直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、名師精編歡迎下載語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)一直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)一、直接引語(yǔ)在引用別人的原話時(shí)，被引用的句子稱為直接引語(yǔ)( direct speech )。弓I起弓I語(yǔ) 的詞稱為引用動(dòng)詞(reporting verbs )?！癐 remember I had seen you. " I said.“I rang the bell, “ James said, “and your maid let me in. ”“I know that. " replied Mrs. Green.二、間接引語(yǔ)當(dāng)人們用自己的話報(bào)導(dǎo)別人的話時(shí)，被報(bào)導(dǎo)的部分稱為間接引語(yǔ)( indirect speech),也可稱作

2、引語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)(report structure )。Mary said she had already seen the film.He replied that he was going by train.這時(shí)被引用部分常常是引用動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。除了 say, reply這類詞外，還有很多動(dòng)詞可跟這種從句。He felt he had to do something.She guessed that he had gone to town.He thought she was worried.He explained that the train wasn ' t running.在使用間接

3、引語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：1 .引語(yǔ)前一般要用連詞that。在個(gè)別動(dòng)詞后(如 say, tell 等)或在口語(yǔ)中可省略。He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.He says he can ' t wait another day.2 .要根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q。"I' ve got your letter,she said.She said to him,“Your pronunciation is better than mine.一3 .引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)要和句子主要謂語(yǔ)在時(shí)態(tài)上一致。Kitty said, "

4、I' ll call again after supper. ” Kitty promised that shecall again after supper.Mary said, "I ' m beginning to sleep better. ” Mary said that shebeginning to sleep better.Nancy said, “we ve got two first places in the sports meet. Nancy said that they got two first places in the sports

5、meet.過(guò)去時(shí)若有表示具體年份的狀語(yǔ)，則不必改變?！癐 was born in 1980. “ Julia said.Julia said that she was born in 1980.4.指示代詞、地點(diǎn)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等，也需作必要的更動(dòng)。She said, "I' ll come here again tonight .”She said (that) she would go again He said, “I arrived yesterday morning .”一He said (that) he ' d arrived the morning befo

6、re.She said, “My sister will be back tomorrow evening.”She said (that) her sister would be back the following evening.般說(shuō)來(lái)，here常改為there , today改為that day 。這類改變大致可用下表表示:在直接引語(yǔ)中在間接引語(yǔ)中指示 代詞this (place) these (places)that (place) those (places)時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)nowtoday, tonightthis week (month, etc)yesterdaylast week

7、 (month)two days (a year, etc) ago tomorrownext week (month, etc.)thenthat day, that nightthat week (month, etc.)the day before, the previous daythe week (month, etc.) beforetwo days (a year,etc.) before (earlier)the next (following ) daythe next (following) week (month,etc.)表地點(diǎn) 的詞herethere動(dòng)詞come, b

8、ringgo , take般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一®過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)小艾一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)三、幾種句子的間接引語(yǔ)1.陳述句和感嘆句的間接引語(yǔ)一般都要變成以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，口語(yǔ)中that可省略，引述動(dòng)詞用say, tell 等。感嘆號(hào)變成句號(hào)。He said: "I' ve left my book in my room. He told me that .She said: "He will be very busy. ”.She said .He often says, “What a grea

9、t country China is! " He often remarks with admiration (that ) China is such a great country.2 .疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)(1) 一般疑問(wèn)句后連接代詞用if或whether ,而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)用whether ,引述動(dòng)詞用ask,沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him等。She said to Tom, “Can you help me ?"She asked Tom if / whether he could help her.She asked, “Is this book

10、yours or his?(2)引述特殊疑問(wèn)句用原句中的疑問(wèn)詞做連接詞，疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序改為陳述語(yǔ)序。The teacher asked, “How did you repair it ?The teacher asked me .3 .祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式” I吉構(gòu),即 ask / tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.ask sb. (not) to do sth.(表示客氣)tell sb. (not) to do sth.(命令性強(qiáng)于上面)order sb. (not) to do sth.(命令性最強(qiáng))注意：引語(yǔ)中的呼語(yǔ)可改成賓語(yǔ)。引語(yǔ)中的plea

11、se去掉，動(dòng)詞改為ask/tell/orderThe teacher said to the students," Don' t waste your time. ”The teacher told the students .Mother said,“Tom, get up early, please. ”Mother asked Tom .4 .直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的特殊情況(1)直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun. ”The teacher said that the

12、 earth goes round the sun.(2)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在仍然如此時(shí)(如改變可能引起誤會(huì))，可以保持原時(shí)態(tài)She said ,"I ' ll be back tonight. ”She said that she will be back tonight.她說(shuō)她今晚回來(lái)。(這可能是午后的話)(3)直接引語(yǔ)中凡有 when, since引導(dǎo)的從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 不變。He said, “I have studied English since I was at the age of five. He said he had s tudie

13、d English since (4)當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，保持原時(shí)態(tài)不變。"It ' s time we began planning our holidays. " he said. He said that it was time they began planning their holidays.t have to take exams.“We wish we didn ' t have to take exams. " said the children.The children said they wished they didn(

14、5)當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不變“You should be back by six. " she said.She said I should be back by six.【經(jīng)典例題】I.從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. He asked me I would go to Beijing by air the next day.A. that ifB. ifC. that whether D. how2. 一 Joyce, please don ' t open the window.Pardon?I open the window.

15、A. tell you don' Bt tell you not to C. told you didn ' D. told you not to3. He they didn ' t start early they wouldn' t catch the first bus.A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether4. He asked for the violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much

16、I paid D. how much did Ipay5. The teacher asked usso much noise.(北京2003)D. not to makewith me.A. don ' t make B. not make C. not making 6. The doctor asked me whatA. is wrongB. wrong is C. was wrong7. He asked the boy where.A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is 8. They said at las

17、t that they better start out at once.A. had hadB. hadC. had beenD. wrong wasD. is his motherD. was9. The teacher said that doubt the key of knowledge.A. wereB. areC. wasD. is10. The actor said he born in 1984.A. wasB. isC. beD. had been11. 將下列直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，間接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹苯右Z(yǔ)。1. Mr. Stone said, " May I have a cup of tea? ” Mr. Stone.2. The nurse said, “ Let the children wash their hands themselves. The nurse.3. My uncle said, “Do not open the window. ” My uncle.4. John asked Mary, “ What do you know about the sea? " John asked Mary.5. The teacher said,“ The sun rises in the east and