2高中英語動(dòng)名詞用法總結(jié)

1、動(dòng)名詞基本用法一 動(dòng)名詞定義；動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成形式為“動(dòng)詞+ ing”。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞在句子中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)。Seeing is believing .、 眼見為實(shí)。Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在這里抽煙嗎？Staying with him made her very happy. 和他在一起使她感到非常快樂。二 動(dòng)名詞的否定式和時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的變化1. 動(dòng)名詞的肯定和否定式為 doing not + doing ;2. 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)分為一般式：doing 完成式: having done.3. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式：being done， 完成式：h

2、aving been done.He admitted not telling us the truth at last. 他最后承認(rèn)沒有和我們說實(shí)話。Keep the medicine away from being touched by children.（被動(dòng)式）This huge bridge succeeded in having been built up last month.（被動(dòng)式）三 動(dòng)名詞的用法(一) 動(dòng)名詞作用1 . 動(dòng)名詞作主語經(jīng)常采用it作形式主語。Its no good talking. 空談沒什么用處。Its no use crying. 哭沒有用。Its no

3、 use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。2 作賓語He is considering changing a job. 他正在考慮換一份工作。She cant avoid meeting him. 她免不了要碰見他。巧記這些動(dòng)詞后面只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：+doingKeep March gifts.（“保持三月禮物”）kkeep eenjoy eexcuse ppractice ; - Keepmmind aavoid rrisk cconsider hcant help ; -Marchggive up iimagine ffinish，feel like tth

4、ink of ssuggest -gifts.溫馨提示：（1）以下動(dòng)詞后，只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語而不能接不定式：如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, miss, practice, resist, risk, save, suggest, understand, pardon, cant help, be worth doing等He admitted taking my dictionary. 他承認(rèn)拿走了我的詞典。Stop talking and listen to me. 請(qǐng)不要說

5、話了，聽我講。（2 ）動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常作下列短語動(dòng)詞后介詞的賓語be good at 擅長(zhǎng) be satisfied with 對(duì).感到滿意be surprised at 對(duì).感到吃驚 be interested in 對(duì).感興趣 be fond of 喜歡 be tired(sick) of厭倦be afraid of 害怕 be used to 習(xí)慣于 belong to 屬于give up 放棄put off 推遲 depend on 依靠keep on 繼續(xù) dream of 夢(mèng)想 feel like 想要preventfrom 防止stop.from 阻止 look forward to

6、期望She is good at swimming. He is used to walking to his office every day.3 作表語Living is also learning. 生活也是學(xué)習(xí)。His favorite sport is running. 他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是跑步。4 作定語We all attended the opening ceremony. 我們都參加了開幕式。（二）特殊動(dòng)名詞用法精講：動(dòng)詞stop, forget, remember, try, go on, need等動(dòng)詞后既可接to do sth.也可跟doing sth.但意思完全不一樣。1

7、. stop to do sth. 停下原來的事（一般不說出來）去干某事（表目的）stop doing sth. 停止(正在)干的事After class the students stopped to have a rest. 課后，同學(xué)們停下來去休息。When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking.2. forget to do sth. 忘記去干某事（忘記的事情還沒有完成，還沒有去做 ） forget doing 忘記做了的事情 （后面的動(dòng)詞已經(jīng)做了，只是忘記了）Don't forget to tell him the

8、news. 別忘記告訴他這個(gè)消息。I forgot telling him the news. 我忘了已經(jīng)告訴他這個(gè)消息了。3. remember to do 記得要做的事情（記得的事情還沒有完成，還沒有去做）remember doing 記得做了的事情（后面的動(dòng)詞已經(jīng)做了，現(xiàn)在記得了Please remember to turn off the lights. 請(qǐng)記住關(guān)燈。I remember turning off the lights. 我記得關(guān)了燈。4. regret doing sth 和 regret to do sth regret doing sth 表示“后悔過去做過的某一件

9、事”。She regretted telling her mother the truth. 她后悔把真相告訴了她的母親。regret to do sth 意思是“對(duì)正在做的，或者是還未做的事表示后悔”I regret to tell you that you failed in the exam. 很遺憾地告訴你，你考試沒通過。5 mean to do sth和 mean doing sthmean to do sth “打算做某事” mean doing sth “意味著” I meant to catch up with the early bus. 我曾想趕上早班的公共汽車。This

10、means wasting a lot of money. 這意味著浪費(fèi)大量金錢。 6 try to do sth 和try doing sthtry to do sth “設(shè)法盡力做某事” try doing sth “試著做某事” You should try to overcome your shortcomings. “設(shè)法克服”Try working out the physics problem in another way.“試一試”7. go on to do sth. 接著去做另一件事go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做原來的一件事He went on to write a

11、fter he finished reading. 他讀完了又繼續(xù)寫。He went on doing his homework all day. 他整天都在做作業(yè)。8. 在need,require,want表示“需要”的意思時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞形式，表示被動(dòng)意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動(dòng)形式。These desks need repairing. = These desks need to be repaired.The patient required examining. = The patient required to be examined.三 分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種形式。規(guī)

12、則動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成形式：動(dòng)詞原形ing;規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成形式：動(dòng)詞原形ed（一）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的比較1 兩者表示的語態(tài)不同現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義，經(jīng)常用于表示事物；過去分詞（done）含有被動(dòng)的意思，經(jīng)常用于說明人的感受。an exciting film 一部激動(dòng)人心的電影 the excited people 激動(dòng)的人們a shocking news 一個(gè)令人震驚的消息 a shocked woman 一個(gè)感到震驚的女人2 兩者表示的時(shí)間不同現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、行為；過去分詞說明已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作、行為。a falling leaf 一片正在飄落的落

13、葉 a fallen leaf 一片落葉developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家3 兩者表示的語義不同多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞可譯為“使人怎樣.”或“令人如何.”,用來說明事物的性質(zhì)；過去分詞的含義為“某人感到怎樣.”,說明人的感覺。The story is interesting. The boy is interested in physics.4 它們的修飾語不同：現(xiàn)在分詞之前常用very修飾；過去分詞常用much修飾。The football game is very exciting. 這場(chǎng)足球賽令人非常激動(dòng)。We were much

14、 excited at the football game. 我們看了這場(chǎng)足球賽感到非常激動(dòng)。（二） 過去分詞在句子中的作用1 作定語 Take away the broken vase. 2 作表語 The girl seemed quite satisfied with her job. 3 作狀語 She stood there much disappointed. 4 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 Youd better get the article written before Friday.溫馨提示：have 和get 都可以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成 have/get sth done的結(jié)構(gòu)

15、，表示動(dòng)作由別人完成。I will have my hair cut this afternoon. 下午我要去理發(fā)。（三） 現(xiàn)在分詞在句子中的作用1 作表語 The meeting was boring. 2 作定語 The sleeping boy is hers. The car parking under the tree is mine. 3 作狀語 分詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生She drove away crying. 她哭著把車開走了。 分詞動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生Having found out the reason, he began to repair the machine

16、.Not having finished the homework, he had to stay up late at night. 用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示“正在被.”或者“已經(jīng)被.”This is the second bridge being built across the river.Having been invited, he went to Germany to attend the important meeting.（四） 經(jīng)常使用的現(xiàn)在分詞句型1 . be busy + doing sth 忙著做某事Father is busy cooking a meal now. 爸

17、爸現(xiàn)在正忙著做飯。2. spend (waste) time (money) + doing sth 花費(fèi)（時(shí)間或金錢）做某事She spent two hours preparing her lessons. She wasted a whole morning cleaning the room. He didnt spend much money traveling in Beijing. 3 catch (find) sb. +doing sth 抓?。òl(fā)現(xiàn)）某人在做某事The policeman caught the thief stealing a wallet from a ma

18、n.= The policeman caught the thief when he was stealing a wallet from a man.I found myself lying on the ground. = I found that I was lying on the ground.4 have sb + doing sth 讓（請(qǐng)）某人做某事I will have a mechanic repairing my car tomorrow morning.明天早晨我要讓修理工修一下我的車。5. keep sb + doing sth 讓某人持續(xù)做某事You kept me

19、 waiting for an hour yesterday. 你昨天讓我等了一個(gè)小時(shí)。6. go+ doing sth “去做” go hunting 去打獵go hiking 去遠(yuǎn)足 go skating 去滑雪 go sightseeing 去觀光7. be worth + doing sth “值得做某事”The film is worth seeing. Your suggestion is worth considering.8. cant help + doing sth “禁不住做某事”They couldnt help laughing when they saw him.

20、9. be used to + doing sth “習(xí)慣做某事”His father is used to walking to his office. Was she used to living there?10. It is no use(good) + doing sth “做沒有用”Its no good complaining. Its no use waiting here for her.11. without + doing sth “沒有做某事”She kept sitting there without talking to anybody.11. 表示感官的動(dòng)詞接現(xiàn)在

21、分詞作賓補(bǔ)See (watch, hear, smell, feel) + sb(sth) + doing sth I saw him running down the street. Do you smell something burning? She can hear something laughing in the room. 注意：上述表示感官的動(dòng)詞，可以用不帶to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；用現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；用不定式說明動(dòng)作的完成或存在的事實(shí)。I saw her dancing on the stage. 我看見她正在臺(tái)上跳舞。（強(qiáng)調(diào)過程）I saw her da

22、nce on the stage. 我看見她在臺(tái)上跳舞了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)）動(dòng)名詞的作用（高中）動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。 一 作主語Reading is an art. Climbing mountains is really fun. Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 動(dòng)名詞作主語，在動(dòng)詞的基礎(chǔ)上加Ing,是該動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，有名詞的各種特征，可作名詞靈活使用。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收 It is

23、a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.It was hard getting on the crowded street car. It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。 There is no joking about such matters. 對(duì)這種事情不是開玩笑。 （一）動(dòng)名詞作主語的幾種類型 1. 直接位于句首做主語。 Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞(真實(shí)主語)置于句尾作后置主語。 動(dòng)名詞做主語

24、時(shí)，不太常用 it 作先行主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。 It is no use telling him not to worry. 常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. 用于“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如： There is no saying when he'll come.很難說他何時(shí)回來。 4. 用于

25、布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). No parking. （禁止停車 5. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€(gè)名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。 Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 6.例詞 Shopping fishing cycling這些都是很常見的動(dòng)名詞 （二）、動(dòng)名詞作主語與動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的比較 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。

26、但動(dòng)名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動(dòng)作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動(dòng)作。比較： Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 注意： 1)在口語中，用動(dòng)名詞作主語位于句首的較不定式多見。 2)在“It is no use.”，“It is no good.”，“It is fun.”，“It is a waste of time.”等句型中，通常用動(dòng)名詞作真實(shí)主語： It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. *It is no use/

27、good/a waste of time to talk about that. 3)在疑問句中，通常用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語： Does your saying that mean anything to him? *Does for you to say that mean anything to him? 4)在“There be”句型中，只能用動(dòng)名詞，而不能用不定式作主語： There is no telling what will happen. It is impossible to tell what will happen. 5)當(dāng)句子中的主語和表語都是

28、非限定動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語和表語在形式上要求統(tǒng)一： Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe. 二 作賓語（1）作動(dòng)詞的賓語 某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, dep

29、end on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, cant stand, escape be used to, get used to, devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, 等。 They went on walking and never stopped talking. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海灘上走真是樂事。 Mark oft

30、en attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. （2）作介詞的賓語 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? （3）作形容詞的賓語 The music is well worth listening to more than once.We are busy preparing for the coming sports me

31、et. 三 作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at.(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 四 作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如： a walking stick a stick for wa

32、lking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills whic

33、h is used for sleeping 五 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)帶有邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞叫動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語與句子主語不一致時(shí)，要在動(dòng)名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動(dòng)名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Janes being care

34、less caused so much trouble. 簡(jiǎn)的粗心惹來了不少麻煩。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) Whats troubling them is their not having enough food. (=Whats troubling them is that they have not enough food.) 在口語中，如果動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時(shí)不能這樣來代替。如： Would you mind my/me using

35、 your computer? 用下你的電腦介意嗎？ The father insisted on his sons/his son going to college. Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 在下列情況下動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語： a.無命名詞 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.b. 有生命名詞但表示泛指意義 Have you ever

36、heard of women practising boxing?c. 兩個(gè)以上的有生命名詞并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 六 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 其否定形式是在doing前加上not 1、動(dòng)名詞一般式表示的動(dòng)作通常是一般性動(dòng)作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作，或是與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： I hate talking with such people. 我討厭與這樣的人說話。 Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。 2、動(dòng)名詞

37、的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。如： I dont remember having met him before. 我記不得以前見過他。 Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 謝謝你費(fèi)力幫忙。 3、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語同時(shí)也是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 （1）它的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在其前發(fā)生。如： I dont like being laughed at in public.（2）它的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。如： I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.（3）在某些動(dòng)詞，我們常用動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，這似