分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)詳細(xì)含詳細(xì)題目分析報(bào)告歡迎交流指正

1、首先要知道什么是分詞.分詞就是動(dòng)詞 ing或 ed的形成,稱為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞.既然分詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái),那么它就繼承了動(dòng)詞原有的屬性,即：可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ).這就構(gòu)成了分詞短語(yǔ).分詞也稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,不可以作謂語(yǔ),但可以作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ).下面舉例說(shuō)明：一、分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),短語(yǔ)我用括號(hào)表示：The man (standing in front of our classroom）is our headmaster.站在我們教室前面的那個(gè)人是我們的校長(zhǎng).The police found the car (stolen from a rich businessman).警察找到了從富商那被盜

2、走的汽車.二、分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)： （Walking in the field）,he noticed an unusual flower.正在田野走著,他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種不同尋常的花. （Tired of cooking）,the Smiths went to a restaurant to have dinner.討厭做飯,史密斯一家去了飯店吃飯.三、作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)： I heard someone (singing loudly outside).我聽(tīng)到外面有人高聲唱歌. I found my room （broken into ）.我發(fā)現(xiàn)有人進(jìn)入過(guò)我的房間.四、作表語(yǔ)： Your story is (q

3、uite interesting).你的故事很有趣. The bridge was (badly damaged in the earthquake).橋梁在地震中嚴(yán)重受損.最后提醒：分詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)很相似,容易弄混.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài).狀態(tài)是持續(xù)的,動(dòng)作是短暫的.CH-分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)以及不定式作狀語(yǔ)Period 1:分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)1 什么是狀語(yǔ)： 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等及其短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。2.狀語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式：(1)副詞及其詞組 Light travels most quickly.光傳播得最快。 Factories and build

4、ings are seen here and there.到處能見(jiàn)到工廠和建筑物。（2）介詞短語(yǔ)He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年。If spite of the difficulties, we went on with our work.盡管有困難，我們還是繼續(xù)工作。（3）不定式（短語(yǔ)）He is proud to have passed the National College Entrance Examination. 他因能通過(guò)高考而感到自豪。The box is too heavy for me to lift.這個(gè)

5、箱子太重，我抬不起來(lái)。（4）分詞（短語(yǔ)）主語(yǔ)一直可以省略He is in the room making a model plane.他正在房間里做一架飛機(jī)模型。Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher for advice. 他不知道怎么辦才好，決定去向老師尋求意見(jiàn)。Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well.在老師的鼓勵(lì)下，我決心把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。（5）名詞（短語(yǔ)）Wait a minute.等一下Would you please come

6、this way.請(qǐng)這邊走，好嗎？The road is fifty kilometers long and ten meters wide.這條路有50公里長(zhǎng)，10米寬。（6）從句Once you begin, you must continue.一旦開(kāi)始，你就得繼續(xù)下去。It is very difficult to live where there is little water.在沒(méi)有水的地方，活是十分艱難的。I must work harder in order that I may catch up with others.為了趕上其他人，我必須更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。3.狀語(yǔ)的分類（1）時(shí)

7、間狀語(yǔ)How about meeting again at six?6:00再見(jiàn)面怎樣？When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.下雨天我通常乘公共汽車去學(xué)校。（2）原因狀語(yǔ)Last night she didnt go to the dance because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚沒(méi)有去參加舞會(huì)。Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打擾你了。（3）條件狀語(yǔ)I shall go there if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨，我將到那里去。As(

8、so) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.只要你努力，你就可以在英語(yǔ)方面取得快速的進(jìn)步。（4）方式狀語(yǔ)She put the eggs into the basket with great care.她十分小心地把雞蛋放進(jìn)籃子里。He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.他用這種方法極大的提高了他的英語(yǔ)水平。（5）伴隨狀語(yǔ)She came in with a dictionary in her hand.他走了進(jìn)來(lái)，手里拿著一本字典。

9、The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著一群學(xué)生。（6）目的狀語(yǔ)I went there to see a friend of mine.我去哪里去看我的一個(gè)朋友。Bring it closer so that I may see it better.把它那近些，以便我可以看得更清楚。（7）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累極了，立刻就睡著了。He is so good a teacher that the students love

10、 and respect him.他是一位很好的老師，學(xué)生們都敬愛(ài)他。（8）讓步狀語(yǔ)She worked very hard though she is old.雖然她年紀(jì)大了，但她工作仍然十分努力。No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.不管你什么時(shí)候來(lái)，你都會(huì)受到熱烈歡迎。（9）程度狀語(yǔ)They were greatly moved to hear the heros story.聽(tīng)了英雄的故事，他們深受感動(dòng)。I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意見(jiàn)。（10）比較狀語(yǔ)I am taller than he is

11、.我比他高。The more I speak English, the better Ill be.我英語(yǔ)講得越多，就講得越好。4.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的用法（高考重點(diǎn)）（1）分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)的句法功能分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連詞while或when引出。Hearing the news, they got excited.（時(shí)間） 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們很興奮。Be careful while/when crossing the street.(時(shí)間) 過(guò)街口時(shí)，一定要小心。Having been bitten by

12、 a snake, she was frightened at it.（原因） 由于被蛇咬過(guò)，她很怕蛇。Given a chance, I can surprise the world.（條件） 給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)讓世界驚奇。The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces.(結(jié)果) 茶杯掉在地上，摔成了碎片。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.(讓步) 被告訴了很多次，他仍舊犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。The teacher came into the lab,

13、 followed by some students.(伴隨狀況)老師走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，后面跟著一些學(xué)生。（2）分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的形式有以下五種：形式意義doing與句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生意思是1）表主動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）having done與句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生意思是1）表主動(dòng) 2）表先于“主句”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生being done與句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般做原因狀語(yǔ)置于句首意思是1）表被動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行done與句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系意思是1）表被動(dòng) 2）表完成（與，或

14、）having been done與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。意思是1）表被動(dòng)2）表先于“主句”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生練習(xí)分析：1. D to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.A. Determing B.To be determined C. To determine D. Determined 分析：方法一（打回原形）來(lái)源句型 Sb is determined to do sth, 這里的determined是個(gè)形容詞，來(lái)源于過(guò)去

15、分詞determined，我們說(shuō)過(guò)所有的分詞都可以當(dāng)做形容詞來(lái)看待。現(xiàn)在我們把這里的determined當(dāng)做它的本源過(guò)去分詞看待。這句話就等于：After George is determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.去掉連詞after，相同的主語(yǔ)George，去掉be動(dòng)詞èDetermined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been sta

16、nding in a queue for two days.這里的determined來(lái)源于be determined,是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的分詞，直接用就可以了，既然已經(jīng)是分詞了，我們就不需要做任何變化了。方法二（一一排除）：A.Determining, doing表示1）表主動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或），句中是有主動(dòng)的意思，可是沒(méi)有同時(shí)進(jìn)行的意思，是先覺(jué)得，然后才去站隊(duì)買票。C.不定式，暫不做分析。D .determined， done表示 1）表被動(dòng) 2）表完成（與，或）從句型be determined to do sth看有被動(dòng)，有完成（下定了決心，然后去站隊(duì)買票），另外與sb determin

17、e to do sth不用的是前者表示狀態(tài)，后者表示動(dòng)作，既然是狀態(tài)就暗含了已經(jīng)處于該種狀態(tài)的意思或者說(shuō)完成。問(wèn)問(wèn)：如果用sb determine to do sth，該如何改寫這個(gè)句子呢？答：After George has determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has been standing in a queue for two days.è去掉after,George后,剩下了has determined, 這里的determined是個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，有同學(xué)問(wèn)可不可以直接用determined

18、，我的回答是如果不是碰巧有sb be determined to do sth 這個(gè)句型，是不可以的?；氐街黝}來(lái)，has determined 要把has變成過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)槲宸N分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)并沒(méi)有had done這種結(jié)構(gòu)，所以只能將has determined變成Having determined. 也就是說(shuō)，如果有E選項(xiàng)是 Having determined 我們可以選擇。2. Having Finished his homework, he went out.(T) Finished his homework, he went out.(F) Finishing his homework,

19、 he went out.(F)方法二：having done表示1）表主動(dòng) 2）表先于“主句”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，他完成了作業(yè)后，然后出去了。符合以上兩點(diǎn)。 Done，表示意思是1）表被動(dòng) 2）表完成（與，或） 他做作業(yè)，不是作業(yè)做他，所以不符合1）表被動(dòng)，2)雖然是完成，但是并沒(méi)有表明先于“主句”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。 finishing，doing表示1）表主動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）主動(dòng)沒(méi)錯(cuò)，但是沒(méi)有同時(shí)進(jìn)行的含義，畢竟是先完成作業(yè)，然后才出去的嗎，動(dòng)作有個(gè)先后順序。 再來(lái)看方法一：打回原形比較一下幾個(gè)句子：After he finishes his homework, he will go ou

20、t.After he finished his homework, he would go out.After he had finished his homework, he went out.縱向比較（句子內(nèi)部比較）： after引導(dǎo)的從句總是比主句的時(shí)態(tài)退后一步。橫向比較（句子之間比較）：從上到下，主句和分句的時(shí)態(tài)同時(shí)退后一步,finishes變成finished，will變成would。 我們來(lái)看第三個(gè)句子，after去掉，相同的主語(yǔ)he去掉，had finished變成having finished就可以了。那么如何變前面兩個(gè)句子呢？這個(gè)就有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜了。按照我們通常的打回原形的方法，去

21、掉after,he,因?yàn)槭侵鲃?dòng)把determines,或者過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞determined變成determing不就可以了嗎？現(xiàn)在問(wèn)題來(lái)了,determing，是doing表示的是1）表主動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）主動(dòng)是沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，問(wèn)題是不是同時(shí)進(jìn)行呀。所以這種通常的做法在這里行不通了，我們還是不得不用Having determined.既表示主動(dòng)，又表示先于“主句”的動(dòng)詞?？吹谌齻€(gè)例句，我們來(lái)進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)一下having done的用法。3. Because the boy has lost the key, the boy cant enter the house. Because the bo

22、y had lost the key, the boy couldnt enter the house.把第一句的主句和分句的時(shí)態(tài)同時(shí)退后一步，就得到了第二句話。用方法一，打回原形：去掉連詞because，去掉相同的主語(yǔ)the boy,分句就剩下has lost the key和had lost the key了，這時(shí)候把has和had想辦法變成分詞的形式就可以了。有人會(huì)問(wèn)：直接把has和had刪去，lost不就是分詞嗎？問(wèn)題是如果這樣，我們就同時(shí)刪去了has和had所蘊(yùn)含的“先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生”的意義了。把has和had變成現(xiàn)在分詞having就可以了。有人又問(wèn)：變成過(guò)去分詞had不可以嗎

23、?我的回答是不可以，因?yàn)槲覀兯械奈宸N分詞作狀語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式并沒(méi)有had done，所以我們只能選擇用having done.4. Seen from the hill, our school is much more beautiful.Seeing from the hill, we can find our school much more beautiful.這兩句話都是對(duì)的，我們用兩種方法來(lái)分析它們。方法二：第一句：seen, done 表示1）表被動(dòng) 2）表完成（與，或），our school當(dāng)然是被看，所以表被動(dòng)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，第二層意思我們?nèi)　盎颉保瑳](méi)有這層意思。 第二句：seeing

24、，doing表示1）表主動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或），“主句”的主語(yǔ)是we，表主動(dòng)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，表同時(shí)進(jìn)行，這里也是取“或”，沒(méi)有這層意思。方法一：打回原形：If our school is seen from the hill, our school is much more beautiful.If we see from the hill, we can find our school much more beautiful.(這里的see是vi.)第一句去掉if，去掉相同的主語(yǔ)the school，去掉be動(dòng)詞，直接用seen這個(gè)過(guò)去分詞就可以了。第二句去掉if，去掉相同的主語(yǔ)we, se

25、e這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是個(gè)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞原形，要把它變成分詞才可以。因?yàn)槭侵鲃?dòng)，所以我們把它變成現(xiàn)在分詞seeing就可以了。5. A down the street the other day, I saw a terrible accident.A. Walking B. Walked C.To walk D.Having walked分析：我沿著街走的同時(shí)，我看到了車禍。此句話包含兩層意思：1.主動(dòng) 2.同時(shí)發(fā)生 符合doing表示1）表主動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）所以選A沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)按照，done和having done蘊(yùn)含的意思去分析B，D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。C不定式我們以后再做分析。6. C

26、in white, she looks much more beautiful. A. To dress B. Dressing C. Dressed D. To be dressed.分析：為了了解dress的用法，請(qǐng)先看牛津高階詞典有關(guān)dress的例句：* Hurry up and get dressed! 快點(diǎn)穿上衣服! * Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她會(huì)自己穿衣服了嗎? * He was dressed as a woman, ie wearing a woman's clothes. 他男扮女裝. * a woman dr

27、essed in green 穿著綠衣服的女子.我們來(lái)看例句Hurry up and get dressed! = You hurry up and you get dressed! Sb get dressed 與sb is dressed 不用的是前者是動(dòng)作，后者是狀態(tài)。表示某人穿什么顏色的衣服有個(gè)比較常用的表達(dá)式Sb is dressed in red/white/black-方法一：If the girl is dressed in white, she looks much more beautiful.èIf去掉，相同的主語(yǔ)the girl去掉，be動(dòng)詞去掉。過(guò)去分詞dr

28、essed直接保留，這里的done，同樣1）表被動(dòng) 2）表完成（與，或）的含義。有同學(xué)問(wèn)不是有sb dress herself這個(gè)短語(yǔ)嗎，那么為什么不能選擇B.Dressing這個(gè)選項(xiàng)呢？答：如果題干是 herself in white, she looks much more beautiful. A. To dress B. Dressing C. Dressed D. To be dressed.題干多了一個(gè)單詞herself，這題正確答案就是B. Dressing了。打回原形看下：If she dresses herself in white, she looks much more

29、beautiful.7 D good care of , the old man is living a happy life.B. Taking B.To be taken C. Having taken D. Taken分析：表示被動(dòng)，完成，用Done，所以選D。C選項(xiàng)表示如果改成Having been taken 就可以選了。請(qǐng)自已去分析，分析不明白的話，記得第一時(shí)間問(wèn)老師。8. A automatically(自動(dòng)地)，the email will be received by all the club members.A. Mailed out B. Mailing out C. T

30、o be mailed out D. Having mailed out 分析：email被發(fā)出去后，將會(huì)被收到。有兩層含義：被動(dòng)，完成。所以選A。D項(xiàng)要改成Having been mailed ,可以考慮選D。其他自己分析，不懂問(wèn)老師。9.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always A the same thing.A.saying B. said C. to say D.having said分析：該句要表單主動(dòng)以及和answer carelessly這個(gè)“主句”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生兩層含義。所以算A.saying10. B for the break down of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blamed D. To be blamed分析：本句要表達(dá)被動(dòng)和完成兩層含義