復習過去分詞非謂語綜合練習選修八Unit3Unit4語法

1、Revise the Past Participle復習過去分詞一、過去分詞的句法功能過去分詞可以與be動詞一起構成被動語態(tài)作謂語，還可以與助動詞have一起構成完成時態(tài)作謂語。除此之外，還可以在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語，一般表示完成的或被動的動作。二、過去分詞作定語1. 過去分詞作定語時，相當于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語既可以表被動，又可以表完成；a damaged bridge 一座被毀壞的橋 polluted air and water被污染的空氣和水不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。boiled water 開水 the risen s

2、un升起的太陽2. 單獨的過去分詞作定語時，常常置于所修飾的名詞前，而過去分詞短語作定語時，常常置于所修飾的名詞后。The broken clock should be repaired as soon as possible. 這個壞了的鐘表應盡快修理。The cartoon films made in Japan attracted many children. 日本產(chǎn)的卡通片吸引了很多孩子。3. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進行；過去分詞表被動或完成falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落在地上的葉子surprising n

3、ews 使人吃驚的消息 surprised listeners 吃驚的聽眾三、過去分詞作表語1. 過去分詞作表語時，總是用在連系動詞之后，構成系表結(jié)構，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。She looked very disappointed. 她看上去很失望。2. 過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：前者表示主語的狀態(tài)，后者表示一個被動的動作。This book is well written. 這本書寫得很好。（系表結(jié)構，表示狀態(tài)）This book was written by Lu Xun. 這本書是魯迅寫的。（被動語態(tài)，表示動作）3. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主動意義，即“令

4、人有某種感覺的”，多用來指物；過去分詞含有被動意義，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。We were disappointed at the result of the experiment.The result of the experiment was disappointing.The audiences were all moved to tears by the moving film.四、過去分詞作賓語補足語1. 能夠接過去分詞作賓補的詞通常有以下幾類：表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的詞，如feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observ

5、e, look at, notice, find等；表示“致使”意義的詞，如have, make, get, keep, leave等；表示思維活動的詞，如consider, know, think等；表示愛憎或意愿的詞，如want, wish, like, hate等。過去分詞還可以用在“with+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構中。I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā)。I consider the matter settled. 我認為這件事解決了。He didnt wis

6、h it mentioned. 他不愿這事被提起。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式作賓補的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表主動、正在進行或延續(xù)性；過去分詞作賓補表被動或完成；動詞不定式作賓補表主動，強調(diào)動作的全過程，有時也表將來。I saw her opening the window.I saw her open the window.I saw the window opened.I have a lot of homework to do.五、過去分詞作狀語1. 過去分詞作狀語，表時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨狀態(tài)等。分詞動作與邏輯主語（即句子的主語）之間常存在邏輯上的被動關系。Surro

7、unded by a group of young people, the old man felt happy.（作原因狀語）被一群年輕人包圍著，老人覺得很開心。When heated, water can be changed into steam.（作時間因狀語）水加熱后可變成水蒸氣。Given another chance, he can do it better.（作條件狀語）如果再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。Much tired, he still kept on working.（作讓步狀語）雖然很累，他仍繼續(xù)工作。The trainer appeared, followed b

8、y six little dogs.（作伴隨狀語）訓練員出現(xiàn)了，后面跟著6條小狗。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，和句子主語是主動關系。過去分詞作狀語，和句子主語是被動關系。Seen from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful. 從塔頂看，我們的城市顯得愈發(fā)漂亮。Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city.從塔頂我們可以飽覽城市的美景。3. 有些過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構，作狀語時不再強調(diào)被動意義。這樣的

9、過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(迷路); seated(坐); hidden(躲); lost / absorbed in(沉溺于); born(出身于); dressed in(穿著); faced with(面對); tired of(厭煩)等。Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因為陷入沉思，他沒聽到那個聲音。Seated in the front of the classroom, he can see the blackboard clearly. 由于坐在教室的前面，他能很清楚地看到黑板。六、拓展1.

10、done / to be done / being done作定語時的區(qū)別：這三種形式都表示被動。done 表示“已經(jīng)被”；to be done表示“將要被”；being done 表示“正在被”。The rare fish, saved from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. 從飯鍋里被救回的珍稀魚類已經(jīng)被放歸大海。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他的第一本書下個月將要出版，這本書是根據(jù)一個真實故事寫的。At that time

11、 the noise of boxes being dropped could be heard outside the room.當時扔盒子的噪音在屋外都可以聽見。2. done / having been done作狀語時的區(qū)別：作狀語時，having been done 表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，而done則不強調(diào)這個意思。Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.Having been shown around the dining hall, we were t

12、hen taken to visit the labs.【非謂語綜合練習】一、選擇最佳的答案。1. All the thing _, his proposal is of greater value than yours.A. consideredB. consideringC. to considerD. consider2. _ who she was, she said she was Mr. Johnsons friend.A. AskingB. AskedC. To be askedD. When asking3. _ all my letters, I had a drink an

13、d went out.A. FinishedB. Having finishedC. FinishingD. To finish4. You will find the word “psychology” _ under “P” in your dictionary.A. have listedB. listC. listedD. listing5. Why did Bob weep? He couldnt bear _ like that before the whole class.A. making fun ofB. being made fun ofC. to be laughed a

14、tD. being made fun6. We are looking forward to _ the film _ at the Grand Cinema.A. seeing; to showB. see; shownC. seeing; shownD. see; to show7. _, your composition is full of mistakes.A. Writing carelesslyB. Written carelesslyC. Having written carelesslyD. Being written carelessly8. She made a cand

15、le _ us light.A. giveB. gaveC. to giveD. given9. I know its not important, but I cant help _ about it.A. to thinkB. and thinkC. thinkingD. being thought10. The food _ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cookedC. is being cookedD. being cooked11. The dog, _, will be made a good wa

16、tchdog.A. to train properlyB. being trained properlyC. properly to trainD. trained properly12. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.A. Having stolenB. Having been stolenC. StolenD. Stealing13. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be

17、puttingC. to putD. putting14. It was getting dark; I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuckB. stuckC. stickingD. stick15. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river.A. to have discoveredB. to have been discoveredC. to discoverD. having been d

18、iscovered16. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen.A. to fixB. to be fixedC. fixedD. fixing17. When he came to life, he found himself _ on a chair, with his hands _back.A. to sit; tyingB. sitting; tyingC. seating; tiedD. seated; tied18. How could he get the pl

19、an _ without any one to support him?A. to carry out  B. carry outC. carrying out D. carried out19. You will see this product made in this factory _ wherever you go.A. to be advertisedB. advertised C. advertiseD. advertising20. Mr. Green is said _ an experiment to prove the new me

20、thod of solvingthe problem when young.A. to doB. to have doneC. to be doingD. to have been doing二、用動詞的適當形式填空。1. _ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.2. Li Lei is asking his uncle, an English teacher, _ (help) him think of a foreign n

21、ame.3. - Hi! Li Hong. I didn't see you at the party.- Oh, I was busy _ (get) ready for the coming exams.4. The old men enjoy _ (listen) to the singing of the birds in the park.5. The girl _ (stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.6. Books _ (write) in easy English are very popular among Chinese

22、 middle school students.7. Why did you keep your brother _ (wait) for a long time that evening?8. I found the door _ (close) when I got home.9. When they met again, they were too excited_ (say) a word.10. With his cell phone _ (steal), the customer wanted to see the manager.11. He didn't finish

23、_ (write) the book until last week.12. More time _ (give) to us, we could have done the job much better.13. Let me _ (help) you _ (water) the flowers.14. My watch doesn't work. It needs _ (repair).15. How are the team playing? Theyre playing well, but one of them got _ (hurt).16. _ (hide) in tha

24、t cave, the thief tried to avoid capture.17. I usually have my clothes _ (wash) on Sundays. I dont wash my clothes myself.18. It's going_ (rain); you'd better _ (take) an umbrella with you.19. I often hear people _ (say) “_ (see) is _ (believe)”.20. Though he often made his deskmate _ (cry),

25、 today he was made _ (cry) by his deskmate.21. _ (repair) my TV set cost me 100 Yuan.22. There are a number of students waiting to get _ (examine).23. It's too cold. Let's make a fire _ (warm) ourselves up.24. You don't need _ (worry) about your friend. He is safe at home.25. Do you know

26、 the man with his hair _ (tie) back?26. If _ (bite) by a snake, you should call for help.27. The assistant worked late into the night, _ (repair) a long speech for the president.28. Little Sandy would love _ (take) to the cinema this evening.29. Mr. Black gave up _ (smoke) only a few years ago. He l

27、ooks very healthy now.30. I'm hungry. Get me something _ (eat).三、完成句子。1. I rushed to the phone at the reception desk, _ (卻被告知) there was no doctor available. (only)2. Twenty passengers were killed in the accident, _ (包括三名兒童). (include)3. _(根據(jù)他的話判斷), he did well in his exam. (judge)4. We looked f

28、or the thief everywhere, and at last we found him _ (躲在木箱里) behind the door. (hide)5. _ the tower (從頂上看), our town looks more beautiful. (see)6. _ the tower (從頂上看), we find our town more beautiful. (see)7. When the national flag is being hoisted, all the students stand at attention, their eyes _ (注視

29、著國旗). (fix)8. The murderer was brought to court, _ (雙手捆著) at the back. (with)9. The sports meet _ (下星期將要舉行) is of great importance. (hold)10. The sports meet _ (現(xiàn)在正在舉行) is very important. (hold)11. The sports meet _ (上星期舉行) is of great importance. (hold)12. _(參觀完圖書館), the parents were taken to the d

30、ining room. (show around)13. He dressed up so as _ (為了不被注意) by others . (notice)14. _(考慮到他還只是個小孩), we didnt punish him. (consider)15. The lab _ (明年將要建的) will be more advanced than the old one. (build)16. _ (創(chuàng)辦于1636年), Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United States. (f

31、ound)17. _ (生活在北京) for quite a few years. Mr. Green has little difficulty understanding Chinese now. (live)18. _ (穿著白色的制服), he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (dress)19. It is no use _ (和我爸爸辯論), because he will never change his mind. (debate)20. The beautiful flowers _ (栽種在房子周圍的) attracted a lot of villagers. (plant)21. It is important for modem young people _ (掌握至少兩門外語). (master)22. The policeman rushed into the room only to find the old man _ (躺在地上). (lie)23. _ (被咬過兩次), the postman refused to deriver our letters unless we chained our dog up.