2020年高三英語高考閱讀理解專項訓練—文化類

1、2020年高考英語閱讀理解專項訓練文化類AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademanthemanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisownefforts,usuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorindustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespect

2、inthecommunitythanthecommonlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworker,hemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort.Thisattitudetowardmanual（體力的）laborsnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablybutevenluxuriously（豪華地）f

3、urnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravel,expensivehobbies,andcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherself,willserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterward,furthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasi

4、lyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenearbybakery.Onthecontrary,thehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspecialdishes.Aprofessionalmanmaytalkaboutwashingthecar,digginginhisflowerbeds,paintingthehouse.Hiswifemayevenhelpwiththesethings,justasheoftenhelpsherwiththedishw

5、ashing.Thesonwhoisawayatcollegemaywaitontableandwashdishesforhisliving,orduringthesummerhemayworkwithaconstructiongangonahighwayinordertopayforhiseducation.1. Fromparagraph1,wecanknowthatinAmerica.A. peopletendtohaveahighopinionoftheself-mademanB. peoplecanalwaysrisetothetopthroughtheirwoneffortsC.

6、collegeprofessorswingreatrespectfromcommonworkersD. peoplefeelpainfultomentiontheirfathersaslabors.2. Accordingtothepassage,thehostesscooksdinnerherselfmainlybecause.A. servantsinAmericanarehardtogetB. shetakesprideinwhatshecandoherselfC. shecanhardlyaffordservantsD. Itiseasytoprepareamealwithcanned

7、food3. Theexpression“waitontable”inthesecondparagraphmeans“”.A.workinafurnitureshopB.keepaccountsforabarC.waittolaythetableD.servecustomersinarestaurant4. Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ARespectableSelf-madeFamilyB.AmericanAttitudetowardManualLaborC.CharacteristicsofAmerican

8、CultureD.TheDevelopmentofManualLabor【答案解析】本文介紹了崇尚自我奮斗，尊重體力勞動的美國文化。1. A。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademade我們可以了解到，“崇尚自我奮斗”是美國文化的特點。2. B。推斷題。根據(jù)Thisattitudetowardmanual（體力的）laborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.（在美國生活的方方面面，尊重體力勞動態(tài)度的現(xiàn)象

9、仍然隨處可見），可以推斷女主人親自下廚，是因為她以能做這樣的體力活而自豪。3. D。詞義猜測題。waitontable意為“服務顧客”，注意其后的washingdishes也有一定的暗示意義，故答案為D。4. B。主旨題?？v觀全文，文章主要講了美國崇尚自我奮斗，尊重體力勞動的文化習慣。故答案為B。5. ）Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinalmostthesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesasformalt

10、exts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimormakinghimsadthinking.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowi

11、nacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftensorryforcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,somecasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarises（出現(xiàn)）fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepa

12、inoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.donotexist;andthat,insteadofbeingfondofthestrangesideinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughttolearntherealitybystudyingh

13、istory.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustsaysopeculiar（奇怪的）thatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.Nofairystoryeverdeclaredtobeadescriptionoftherealw

14、orldandnocleverchildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.1. TheauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitisA.repeatedwithoutanychangeB.treatedasajokeC.madesomechangesbytheparentD.setinthepresent2. Accordingtothepassage,greatfearcantakeplaceinachildwhenthestoryis.A.inarealisticsettingB.heardforthefirstt

15、imeC.repeatedtoooftenD.toldinadifferentway3. Theadvantageclaimed（提出）forrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit.A. makesthemlessfearfulB. developstheirpowerofmemoryC. makesthembelievethereisnothingtobeafraidofD. encouragesthemnottohavestrangebeliefs4. Theauthorsmentionofsticksandtelephonesismean

16、ttosuggestthat.A. fairystoriesarestillbeingmadeupB. thereissomemisunderstandingaboutfairytalesC. peopletrytomodernizeoldfairystoriesD. thereismoreconcernforchildren'sfearsnowadays5. Oneofthereasonswhysomepeoplearenotinfavoroffairytalesisthat.A. theyarefullofimaginationB. theyjustmakeupthestories

17、whicharefarfromthetruthC. theyarenotinterestingD. theymaketeachersofhistorydifficulttoteach【答案解析】本文為論說文，作者駁斥了對神話故事的種種指責和誤解。1. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebet

18、ter.可推知此題答案為C。2. B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)thisarises（出現(xiàn)）fromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.可推知此題答案為B。3. A。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.可以得出此答案。4. B。推斷題。有些人認為神話不現(xiàn)實，都是教孩子一些不存在的東西，會對孩子有不好的影響。作者用虛擬語氣作了一個假設，如果這些觀點站得住腳的話，可能會出現(xiàn)這樣的情況：theworldshouldbefullo

19、fmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.可見持這種觀點的人實際上是對神話的一種誤解。可知有些人不B。5. B。推斷題。根據(jù)notobjectivelytrue,donotexist贊成神話故事的原因是這些故事是編出來的，遠離現(xiàn)實。故選(3)ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespearestimeisestimated(估計)tohavebeen

20、aboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguageaswellasvario

21、uslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.Infact,itisimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequate(足夠的)workingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguages.ThepurposeforEnglishlearningandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdiff

22、iculttoexplainandstillmoredifficulttojudgewhatformsanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheindefiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofimportantworksinscience,technology,

23、andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthespreadofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especial

24、lyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerce,industry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforentrancetothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentsintheWest.1. Whatwouldbethebesttitle

25、forthispassage?A. TheDifficultiesofLearningEnglishB. InternationalCommunicationsC. TheStandardVarietiesofEnglishD. EnglishasaWorldLanguage2. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A. Some260millionpeopleintheworldhaveanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish.B. Therearesome260millionnativespeakersofEnglis

26、hintheworld.C. ItisalmostimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeoplewithanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish.D. PeoplelearnEnglishforavarietyofreasons.3. Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainreasonforthewidespreaduseofEnglish?A. ItwaspopularduringShakespearestime.B. ItisusedinformerBritishcolonies.C. Itserve

27、stheneedsofitsnativespeakers.D. Itisaworldlanguagethatisusedforinternationalcommunication.4. WhatformsanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish?A. Theabilitytoreadanewspaper.B. Itisdifficulttojudgebecauseitdiffersforeachsituation.C. Beingamultilingual.D. Beinganativespeaker.5. Whattypeofdevelopingcountrie

28、swouldbemostlikelytouseEnglish?A. ThosegeographicallyclosetotheUnitedStates.B. ThoseinterestedinthecultureoftheUnitedStates.C. FormercoloniesofGreatBritain.D. Countrieswhereinternationalconferencesareheld.【答案解析】本文介紹了英語的發(fā)展變化情況，說明了英語最后成為世界語言的原因及英語在當代社會中的重要性。1 .D。主旨題。根據(jù)第3段第1句及全文的內容：英語在各個國家的各個領域的應用，可推知此

29、題的答案為D。2 .A。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第1段中第2句及第2段的第1句的描述可推知此題的答案為A。3 .D。推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的描述，英語在世界不同領域、不同的地區(qū)的使用，可推知此題的答案為D。4 .B。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第2段最后一句可推知此題答案為Bo5.C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第2句可推知此題答案為Co(4)“IfthereisonethingImsureabout,itisthatinahundredyearsfromnowwewillstillbereadingnewspapers.Itisnotthatnewspapersareanecessity.Evennowsom

30、epeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromtelevisionorradio.ManybuyapaperonlyonSaturdayorSunday.Butformostpeoplereadinganewspaperhasbecomeahabitpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Thenatureofwhatisnewsmaychange.Whatbasicallymakesnewsiswhataffectsourlivesthebigpoliticalstories,thecoverageofthewars,earthquakesand

31、otherdisasters,willcontinuemuchthesame.Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch,though.Itsalreadyhappeninginareasthatmaydirectlyaffectourlives,likegenetic(基因)engineering.Inthefuture,Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificexplanationsofwhywefeelaswedoaswedevelopabetterunderstandingofhowthe

32、brainoperatesandwhatourfeelingsreallyare.Itsquitepossiblethatinthenextcenturynewspaperswillbetransmitted（傳送）electronicallyfromFleetStreetandprintedoutinourownhome.Infact,Imprettysurethathowitwillhappeninthefuture.Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu,makingupyourownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyou

33、wanttoreadsportsandinternationalnews,etc.Ithinkpeoplehavegotitwrongwhentheytalkaboutcompetitionbetweenthedifferentmedia（媒體）.Theyactuallyfeedoffeachother.Somepeopleonceforesawthattelevisionwouldkilloffnewspapers,butthathasnthappened.Whatisreadontheprintedpagelastslongerthanpicturesonascreenorsoundlos

34、tintheair.AndasfortheInternet,itsneverreallypleasanttoreadsomethingjustonascreen.1. Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBestWaytoGetNewsB.TheChangesofMediaC.MakeYourOwnNewspaperD.TheFutureofNewspaper2. Inthewritersopinion,inthefuture,.A. morebigpoliticalaffairs,warsanddisasterswillmakenewsB. newspa

35、perswillnotbeprintedinpublishinghousesanylongerC. newspaperswillcovermorescientificresearchD. moreandmorepeoplewillwatchTV3. Whatwillprobablybeoninthenewspapermadebyyourself?A.Sportsandinternationalnews.B.Amenuofimportantnews.C.Themostimportantnews.D.Whatyouareinterestedin.4. Fromthepassage,wecaninf

36、er.A. newspaperswillwinthecompetitionamongthedifferentmediaB. newspaperswillstaywithustogetherwithothermediaC. televisionwilltaketheplaceofnewspaperD. thewriterbelievesomemediawilldieout5. Thephrase“feedoff”inthelastparagraphmeansA.dependonB.competewithC.fightwithD.killoff【答案解析】本文提出報紙這一新聞媒體在近百年內不會消失

37、的觀點并分析了其原因。1. D。主旨題。從文章第1句：一百年后人們仍要讀報，到后面文章講到報紙跟人們生活的關系，報紙的形式和內容，可歸納出此題的答案為D。2. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第2段Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch,though.可推知此題答案為C。3. D。推斷題。從文章第3段最后一句Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu,makingupyourownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyouwanttoread可推知此題答案為Q4. B。細節(jié)題。本!據(jù)文章第

38、1段第3旬Evennowsomepeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromtelevisionorradio.ManybuyapaperonlyonSaturdayorSunday可推知此題答案為B。5. A。詞義猜測題。作者上一句說人們錯誤地認為各各種不同的媒體相互競爭，而下一句作者又說Theyactuallyfeedoffeachother（注意句中actually一詞），再結合所給的四個選項，可知選A為合適。（7）Informalconversationisanimportantpartofanybusinessrelationship.Beforeyoustartadis

39、cussion,however,makesureyouunderstandwhichtopicsaresuitableandwhichareconsideredtaboos（禁忌）inaparticularculture.LatinAmericansenjoysharinginformationabouttheirlocalhistory,art,andcustoms.Theyexpectquestionsabouttheirfamilyandaresuretoshowpicturesoftheirchildren.Yonmayfeelfreetoasksimilarquestionsofyo

40、urLatinAmericanfriends.TheFrenchthinkofconversationasanartform,andtheyenjoythevalueoflivelydiscussionsaswellasdisagreements.Forthem,argumentscanbeinterestingandtheycancoverprettymuchoranytopicaslongastheyoccurinarespectfulandintelligent（智慧的）manner.IntheUnitedStates,businesspeopleliketodiscussawidera

41、ngeoftopics,includingopinionsaboutwork,family,hobbies,andpolitics.InJapan,China,andKorea,however,peoplearemuchmoreprivate.Theydonotsharemuchabouttheirthoughts,feelings,oremotionsbecausetheyfeelthatdoingsomighttakeawayfromtheharmonious（和諧的）businessrelationshiptheyretryingtobuild.MiddleEasternersareal

42、soprivateabouttheirpersonallivesandfamilymatters.Itisconsideredrude,forexample,toaskabusinessmanfromSaudiArabiaabouthiswifeorchildren.Asgeneralrule,itsbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligion（宗教）withyourbusinessfriends.Thiscangetyouintotrouble,evenintheUnitedStates,wherepeopleholddifferentviews.Inadditi

43、on,discussingonessalaryisusuallyconsideredunsuitable.Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld,althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeanationalsport.Instead,befriendlyandpraiseyourhoststeam.1. Theauthorconsiderspoliticsandreligion.A.cheerfultopicsB.taboosC.rudetopicsD.topicsthatcanneverbetalked

44、about2. Whichistypicallyafriendlytopicinmostplacesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Sports.B.Children.C.Personalfeelings.D.Families.3. WhyarepeoplefromAsiamoreprivateintheirconversationwithothers?A. Theydontwanttotalkwithothersmuch.B. Theydontwanttohavetheirgoodrelationshipwithothersharmedbyinformalconversatio

45、n.C. Theyareafraidtoarguewiththeircolleagues.D. Theywanttokeeptheirfeelingstothemselves.4. Whatshouldntyoudowhentalkingaboutsportswithcolleaguesfromanothercountry?A. Praisingyourowncountryssports.B. Criticizingyourowncountryssports.C. Praisingthesportsofyourcolleaguescountry.D. Criticizingthesportso

46、fyourcolleaguescountry.【答案解析】非正式談話是任何商業(yè)聯(lián)系中的一個重要組成部分，不過談話時，可別無所顧忌，一定要適可而止。1. B。語義理解題。從最后一段第1句話Asgeneralrule,itsbestnottotalkaboutpoliticsorreligion（宗教）withyourbusinessfriends可以明顯看出答案為什么選B。2. A。細節(jié)題。命題依據(jù)是最后一段第4句話Sportsistypicallyafriendlysubjectinmostpartsoftheworld。3. Bo判斷題。從第2段第3句話becausetheyfeelthat

47、doingsomighttakeawayfromtheharmonious（和諧的）businessrelationshiptheyretryingtobuild可以推知。4. Q語義理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第4句話中的althoughbecarefulnottocriticizeanationalsport可知答案為Q8. )TofacethemusicLikeeverylanguage,AmericanEnglishisfullofspecialexpressions,phrasesthatcomefromtheday-to-daylifeofthepeopleanddevelopinthei

48、rownway.Ourexpressiontodayis“tofacethemusic”.Whensomeonesays,“well,IguessI'llhavetofacethemusic,"itdoesnotmeanhe'splanningtogototheconcert.Itissomethingfarlesspleasant,likebeingcalledinbyyourbosstoexplainwhyyoudidthisanddidthat,andwhyyoudidn'tdothisorthat.Sourmusicindeed,butithastob

49、efaced.Atsometimeoranother,everyoneofushashadtofacethemusic,especiallyaschildren.Wecanallrememberfather'sangryvoice,“Iwanttotalktoyou."andonlybecausewedidnotobeyhim.Whatanunpleasantbusinessitwas!Thephrase“tofacethemusic"isfamiliartoeveryAmerican,youngandold.Itisatleast100yearsold.Andwh

50、eredidthisexpressioncomefrom?ThefirstexplanationcomesfromtheAmericannovelist,JamesFenimoreLooper.Hesaid,in1851,thattheexpressionwasfirstusedbyactorswhilewaitinginthewingstogoonthestage.Whentheygottheircuetogoon,theyoftensaid,“Well,it'stimetofacethemusic."Andthatwasexactlywhattheydidfacingth

51、eorchestrawhichwasjustbelowthem.Andanactormightbefrightenedornervousashemovedontothestageinfrontofanaudiencethatmightbefriendlyorperhapshostile,especiallyifheforgothislines.Buthehadtogoout.Ifhedidnot,therewouldbenoplay.Sotheexpression“tofacethemusic“cometomean“havingtogothroughsomething,nomatterhowu

52、npleasanttheexperiencemightbe,becauseyouknewyouhadnochoice.”O(jiān)therexplanationsabouttheexpressiongobacktothearmy.Whenthemenfacedaninspectionbytheirleader,thesoldierswouldbeworriedabouthowwelltheylooked.Wastheirequipmentclean,shinnyenoughtopasstheinspection?Stillthemenhadtogooutandfacethemusicoftheband

53、aswellastheinspection.Whatelsecouldtheydo?Anotherarmyexplanationismorecloselyrelatedtotheideaoffacingtheresultsandacceptingtheresponsibilityforsomethingthatshouldnothavebeendone.As,forexamplewhenamanisforcedoutofthearmybecausehedidsomethingterrible,heisdishonored.Thebanddoesnotplay.Onlythedrumstapas

54、ad,slowbeat.Thesoldierisforcedtoleave,facingsuchmusicasitisandfacingthebackofhishorse.1. Howmanywaysdoesthephrase“tofacethemusic”comesfrom?A.1B.2C.3D.42. Whatsthemeaningof“tofacethemusic?”A. Tofacesomethingfarlesspleasant.B. Tofacethestage.C. Tofacethebackofoneshorse.D. Tofaceonesleader.3. Whichofth

55、efollowingisasituationoffacingthemusic?A. Whenweareplayingbasketball.B. Whenwearemakingaspeech.C. Whenwearehavingaparty.D. Whenwearetalkingwithsomebody.4. Theunderlinedword“hostile”means.A.unfriendlyB.dislikeC.unkindD.unnecessary【答案解析】本文說明了美國習語tofacethemusic的來歷和意義。1. C。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三、四、五段的解釋，可推知此題答案為C。2

56、. A。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第2段第2句Itissomethingfarlesspleasant可推知此題答案為A。3. B。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第3段的解釋：演講與演出一樣，都要面對觀眾，可推知此題答案為B。4. A。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)單詞所在的語境：friendlyorperhapshostile,especiallyifheforgothislines說明hostile與friendly意義相反，從而可推知此題答案為A。（9）Thereareseveralwaysyoucanfindoutaboutthecountriesandplacesyouwishtovisit.Youcantalktofr

57、iendswhohavetravelledtotheplaces.Oryoucangoandseeacolourfilm.Oryoucanreadtravelbooks.Itwouldseemthattherearethreekindsoftravelbooks.Thefirstarethosethatgiveapersonal,subjective（主觀的）accountoftravelswhichtheauthorhasactuallymadehimself.iftheyareinformativeandhaveagoodindex（索引）,thentheycanbeusefultoyou

58、whenyouareplanningyourtravels.Thesecondkindarethosebookswhosepurposeistogiveapurelyobjective（客觀的）descriptionofthingstobedoneandseen.Ifawell-read,culturedpersonhaswrittensuchabook,thenitisevenmoreuseful.Itcanbesortedasaselectedguidebook.Thethirdkindarethosebookswhicharecalled“aguide”tosomeplaceorother.Iftheyaregood,theywill,inadditiontotheirfactualinformation,giveananalysisoranexplanation.Likethefirstkindth