高一英語(牛津譯林版)必修一定語從句1

1、精心整理定語從句一基本概念1 .定語從句：在一個主從復(fù)合句中修飾某一個名詞、代詞或修飾整個主句的從句叫定語從句。換句話說，定語從句就是用來作定語的句子。2 .先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。先行詞前一般用the,但在指“一個”概念時可用a,ari3 .關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞：連接先行詞和定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，根據(jù)其在從句中作用分為關(guān)系代詞 或關(guān)系副詞。若先行詞在從句中作主語、賓語和定語等，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句；若先行詞在從句中作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語等，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。4 .定語從句的位置：一般緊跟在先行詞后面。但有時因句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，定語從句和先行詞被某 些成分隔

2、開。5 .引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為二類：關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why二、基本用法1 .關(guān)系代詞的基本用法（見下表）：關(guān)系代 詞從句中作用例句who1指人作主語賓語（可省 略）1 . Thisisthegirlwho/thatteachesusEnglish. （who/that指人,修飾先仃詞 thegirl,在 從句中作主語）2 . Heistheboywhom/who/thatImetyesterd ay.（whom/who/that指人，修飾先行詞 theboy 在從句 中作賓語, whom/who/that可省

3、略。）whom1指人作賓語（可省 略）whose指人、 物作定語3 . Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisanengineer （whose作定語，用來修飾人）4 . Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesou th. （ whose作定語，用來修飾物， whosewindows=thewindowsofwhich或 ofwhichthewindows）which指物作主語賓語（可省略）6. Thisisthebookwhich/thatllostyesterday.（which/that指物、作賓語、可省略）that指人、 物作主語賓語（可省略）7

4、 . Theclockisaninstrumentwhich/thatcant elltime. (which/that 指物,作主語)8 . Doyouknowthewomanthat/wholivesne xtdoor?(that/who 指人，作主語)as指物作主語、賓語 可修飾整個主 句9. ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.(as 指物，在從句中作賓語)10. Asweallknow,TaiwanispartofChina.(as 指代整個主句的內(nèi)容)2 .使用關(guān)系代詞時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：a.在以下幾種情況下只使用that不用which。1 .先行

5、詞是不定代詞時，如:all,anything,everything,nothing,something,little,few,much。1.Itoldhimall(that)Iknow.2.Hegavehereverything(that)hehad.2 .先行詞被 all,every,any,thevery,theonly,thejus等修飾時。1.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.2.Youcantakeanybook(that)youlike.3 .先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級修飾時。1.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihaveev

6、erread.2.Thesecondplace(that)IwanttovisitisShanghai.4 .先行詞既有人又有物時。1.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)werememberintheschool.2.Thepeopleandtheanimalsthatwerekilledintheearthquakehaveallbeenfound.5 .在 Who,Which引起的疑問句中。1.Whoistheboythathelpedyou?2.Whichisthebook(that)youboughtyesterday?6 .若有兩個定語從句，

7、一個用 which引導(dǎo)，另一個須用that引導(dǎo)。Heboughtabookwhichcouldgivehimknowledgeandthatcouldhelptoki11thetime.7 .當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.b.在以下幾種情況下只使用 which不用that。1 .引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。 - . IIhavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.(which 作賓語， 指代主句中的 pen)NewconceptEnglishsintendedforforeignstudents,w

8、hichisknowntoallofus.(which作主語，指代整個主句)2 .若有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞是which,另一個須用that。Thebook(that)heboughtyesterdaywastheone(which)helikedbest.3 .先行詞在句中作介詞賓語且介詞前置時。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.c.當(dāng)先行詞為指人的關(guān)系代詞時，引導(dǎo)詞只用who不用that。1 .先行詞為 all,anyone,one/ones,those,peopl時，須用 who。1.Anyonewhoknowshowtodoitcandoi

9、tnow.2.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmpleaseputupyourhands.3.He,whodoesnotreachtheGreatWall,isnotatrueman.2 .在非限制性定語從句中，須用 who。Tom'sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.精心整理精心整理3 .在被分隔的定語從句中，須用 who。AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.4 .在以therebe開頭的句子中，多用who。Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeou

10、rheadmaster.5 .若有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個須用whoThestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatstudiesveryhard. d.as和which的使用場合。aswhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從 句可放在旬首或旬中不能放在句首修飾“積極的”方面修飾“消極的”方面在句中含義意為“正如”、“就像”無此意常用的搭配常和 such, so, thesame等連用無此用法“+be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“be”可以省略“be”不能省略表示狀態(tài)的動詞asissaidabove, asalreadymentioned

11、above asisoftenthecaseasitisasisknowntoall無此用法都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個句子的內(nèi)容如：Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.比較：Hestudiesveryhard,as/whichweallknow.I 'veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoes rtlike.Hewaslate,whichmadetheteacherangry.Thebridgeisreallywonderful,as（is）showninthepict

12、ure.Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis.e.thesame as 和 thesame - that 的不同。ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.這本書和我昨天借給你的相似。（相似物）ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyouyesterday.這正是我昨天借給你的那本書。（同一物）【小試牛刀】I .用關(guān)系代詞 who,whom,that,which,whose,aS空。1.Theearthquake shookthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhist

13、ory.2 .Wedon' tknowthenumberofpeople losttheirhomesintheearthquake.3 .Thehouse theybuiltin1937isstillinverygoodcondition.4 .Thehouse isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninanearthquake.5 .Theboyfatherisateacherisveryclever.6 .Aclockisamachine tellspeoplethetime.7.Ourvillageisnolongertheone itusedtobe.8 .Theh

14、ouse heislookingforisveryexpensive.9 .Doyouknowtheman housesareallbroken?10.isknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceverymonth.【答案】1.that/which2.who/that3.that/which/ 不填 4.that/which5.whose6.that/which7.that/不填 8.that/which/不填 9.whose10.as精心整理II .把下面各組句子合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句。I.Thegirlisnothere.Sheisgoing

15、tosingasong.2 .Theschoolisabigone.Theschoolstandsneartheriver.3 .Thegirlworksveryhard.Herfatherisadoctor.4 .Myuncleboughtthebikelastweek. Thebikehasbeenstolen.5 . Thepenisveryold.Ilentittoyouthismorning.III .翻譯下面句子1 .剛才作演講的那個教授已經(jīng)走了2 .你認(rèn)識那個母親是老師的女孩嗎？3 .鳥是一種能飛的動物。4 .我上周買的那支鋼筆很便宜。5 .門朝北開的那間房子已經(jīng)被賣了。【答案】

16、1.Theprofessorthat/whomadethespeechjustnowhasleft.2.Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher?3.Abirdisananimalwhich/thatcanfly.4.Thepen(that/which)Iboughtlastweekisverycheap.5.Theroomwhosedoorfacesnorthhasbeensold.3.關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞從句中作用例句when作時間狀語IrememberthedayswhenIstayedthere.where作地點狀語Thisistheroomwh

17、ereIlostmypen.why作原因狀語Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.思考：同樣是表示地點的先行詞，為何有時候用關(guān)系代詞that,which,有時候用關(guān)系副詞 where?同樣是表示時間的先行詞，為何有時候用關(guān)系代詞that,which,有時候用關(guān)系副詞when?請對比以 下幾組句子： Ihavefoundthefactorythat/whichhevisitedlastweek.I Ihavefoundthefactorywherehestayedlastweek.T Thedaysthat/whichIspentthereareunforgettable.I

18、ThedayswhenIstayedthereareunforgettable.精心整理' Thereasonthat/whichhetoldmeforhisbeinglateisthathegotuplate.L Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.說明：當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，賓語或表語時，盡管先行詞是時間名詞，地點名詞或表示原因的 名詞，我們?nèi)匀皇褂藐P(guān)系代詞that,which。這主要根據(jù)從句中的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。注意：1.當(dāng)用作關(guān)系副詞，若修飾表示的名詞time, day, moment, way時，用that代替whe

19、n/why等。如：Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.4 .由介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞一般由定語從句的動詞而定。Heistheboywhom/who/thatwearetalkingabout=Heistheboyaboutwhomwearetalking.Thepenwhich/thatIwrotethearticlewithisgone.=ThepenwithwhichIwrotethearticle.幾種特殊的情況：a.由w

20、hen,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句常?？梢蕴鎿Q成“介詞 +which/whom的形式”：when=in/on/atwhich,where=in/on/at+which,why=forwhichb.whose+n尸the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.如：whosefather=thefatherofwhom=ofwhomthefatherwhosewindow=thewindowofwhich=ofwhichthewindowc.由介詞短語+whom/which引起的定語從句Thisisourclassroom,infrontofwhichther

21、eisagarden.Thebuildingatthebackofwhichisalakeisourchemistrylabbuilding.Helivesonamountainontopofwhichthereisatemple.d.數(shù)詞/代詞+介詞+which/whom引起的定語從句Ihavesomebooks,oneofwhichisinEnglish.Shehasmanyfriends,allofwhomareinthesameclass.(比較：Shehasmanyfriends.Allofthemareinthesameclass.)但有些短語動詞中的介詞不能提前，因為其短語拆開后

22、完全改變了原來的意思。Thisisthebookthat/whichI ' mlookingforTherearemanypatientsthatthenurseslookafter. -I-. - I、產(chǎn)J/5 . what在其引導(dǎo)的從句中作定語What在它所引導(dǎo)的主語從句、賓語從句或表語從句中作主語、賓語或表語外，還可作定語。如：Don'tworry.IwillgiveyouwhathelpIcan.別擔(dān)心，我會近我所能幫你。=anyhelpthat或 asmuchhelpasWhat在從句中作定語時，還可于few, little連用修飾名詞，表示“盡管不多，但已經(jīng)全部”。

23、如：IwilllendyouwhatfewbooksIcanspare我愿杷為數(shù)不多的書全部借給你。=allthefewbooksthatWecontributedwhatlittlemoneywehadtowardstheflood-strickenarea.=allthelittlemoneythat【小試牛刀】IV .用關(guān)系副詞when,where,why填空精心整理I.Doyoustillremembertheplace youwereborn?1.1 don ' trememberthedate myfatherwereborn.3 .Yesterdaywewenttovis

24、itthehouse thegreatwriterusedtolive.4 .Doyouknowthereason hekilledhimself?5 .HewasbornintheyeartheSecondWorldWarbrokeout.6 .Healwayswantstogotohishometownandvisitedtheplace hegrewup.7 .Kunmingisabeautifulcity flowersareseenalltheyearround.8 .Thechildrentodayareluckyastheyarelivinginatime ourcountryi

25、sopentotheoutsideworld.9 .Pleasetellmethereason heisangry.10 .Thiskindofprogrammewillbewellreceivedinthecountries manyChineseareliving.【答案】1.where2.when3.where4.why5.when6.where7.where8.when9.why10.whereV.翻譯下面句子1 .我已經(jīng)找到了我朋友居住的那間房子了。2 .你記得你媽媽出生的日期嗎？3 .請告訴我你買到那塊手表的地方。4 .我不喜歡他的原因是他太笨了。5 .上海是個大城市，在那里你可以

26、見到許多外國人?！敬鸢浮?.Ihavefoundtheroomwheremyfriendsoncelived.2.Doyoustillrememberthedatewhenyourmotherwasborn?3.Pleasetellmetheplacewhereyouboughtthewatch.4.ThereasonwhyIdon 'tlikehimisthatheistoostupid.5.Shanghaiisabigcity,whereyoucanseemanyforeigners.VI .用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1 .Thefirstlesson theoldprofessortau

27、ghtwasnoteasilyforgotten.2 .Mr.Whitetoldhiswifethepersonsandthings hesawinChina.3 .Whoisthegirl shookhandswithourheadmaster?4 .Thereporttheyarelisteningtoisveryimportant.5 .Doyouknowthereason hedidn ' tcometoschoollastweek?6 .Didyouunderstandthelastreportwasmadebytheforeigner?7 .Wouldyoupleasele

28、ndmethesamebook hehasborrowed?8 .Pleasetellusthedays wearegoingtohaveourexams.9 .Thefactory makesbikeswasbuiltin1930.10 .Hetoldmeeverything hehadseenintheaccident.11 .Thecampwasfullofpeople homeshadbeendestroyed.12 .Tomisthestudentwith Iwanttohaveatalk.13 .Doyourememberthevillage weworkedlastsummer?

29、14 .Doyourememberthevillage wevisitedlastsummer?15 .Doyourememberthedays wespenttogetherlastsummer?【答案】1.(that) 2.(that) 3.that 4.(that/which)5.why6.which/that7.as8.when 9.which/that10.(that)11.whose 12.whom13.where 14.(that/which)15.(that/which)【強化練習(xí)】I.不定項選擇1 .Theoldlady ishisgrandmother.A.youtalke

30、d B.thatyoutalkedabout C.youtalkedtoherD .youtalkedto精心整理2 .Aman JackwenttoQingdaoforaholidayyesterday.A.who' snameisB.whohisnameis C.whosenameis D.hisnameis3 .Helivesinaroom doorisbroken.A.whose B.which C.its D.that4 .Wevisitedthefactory makestoysforchildren.A.where B.which C.inwhich D.that5 .T

31、hefilm lastnightwaswonderful.A.whichwesaw B.thatwesaw C.whichwasshown D.thatwasshown6.I ' llneverforgettheplace Ivisitedtenyearsago.A.where B.that C.inwhich D.what7.Sep.18,1995saday we ' llneverforget.A.when B.inwhich C.that D.forwhich8 .Thegirl youmetjustnowisveryinteresting.A.which B.thatC

32、.whomD.who9 .Thefactory youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1930.A.who B.whichC.thatD.whom10 .Thereisamountain topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.ofwhichB.whoseC.it ' s D.its11 .Thecarranoveraboyandadog werejustcrossingthestreet.A.whoB.whomC.that D.which12 .Thelessons werenoteasilyforgotten.A.whichhetaught B

33、.whichweretaught C.thatweretaught D.thathetaught13 .Thestudent isathree-goodstudent.A.whoseparentsdiedB.whoyoumetC.whomyoumetD.whoweweretalkingabout14.Iwanttogoandthankthewoman helpedme.A.who B.that C.which D.whoseson15.Theman wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedto B.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyouju

34、sttalkedtohim D.whichyoujusttalkedtohim【答案】1.BD2.C3.A4.BD 5.ABCD6.B7.C8.BCD9.BC10.B11.C12.ABCD13.ABCD14.ABD15.AV.各地模擬題匯編1.ThisisMr.White,Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.海淀 4 月卷）A.which B.whom C.thatD.who2.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,peoplebegantoenjoytheadvantagesofthist

35、echnology.保城 5月卷）A.andB.whenC.whichD.because3.1 'dliketolivesomewhere thesunshinesallyearlong麗城 5 月卷）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inwhich4.InWasdalethereisamysteriousdarklake,depthhasneverbeenmeasured.A.thatB.where C.which D.whose（海淀 5 月卷）5.Isittheyearsyouworkedinthefactoryhaveagreateffectonyourliterar

36、yworks?（湖北八校一模匹A.that;where B.that;that C.when;where D.when;that6 .Hewon'twanttoeatitunlesshesreallyhungry,in casehelleatalmostanything.精心整理A.whatB.thatC.whose D.which（蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模卷）7 .Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations EnglishisusSd卷）A.whenB.thatC.howD.where 8.Eur

37、opehasachievedmoreincontrollingtheAIDSvirusthanAsiainthepasttenyears,thenumberofpeo pleinfectedwiththevirusisgoingupsharply.南京二模卷）A.whenB.thatC.sothat D.where9 .Thesoldierssoonreached wasonceanoldtemple thevillagesusedasaschOo誄卷）A.which;where B.what;whichC.where;which D.what;where10 .Thisisanunpleas

38、antsubjectwemightargueforalongwhileIT州二模卷）A.inwhichB.withthemC.aboutwhichD.withit11 .Afterall,withthehelpofmycomputerbrain neverforgetsanything,IQis Imallabout.（湖北宜昌三模卷）A.that;what B.what;what C.what;that D.that;where12.Itwasthethirdnightwewerestayinginourseasidebutthetsunami（嘯）struckthewholevi11age

39、.（蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模卷）A.when;when B.when;whatC.what;that D.that;that13.Iusuallyenjoythesedinners,unlessIhavetomakespeech,in caselworrythroughthemeaE（臺三模卷）A.thatB.thisC.which D.any14.Thesmallmountainvi11age wespentourholidaylastmonthliesin isnowpartofHubei.（湖北八校二模卷）A.which;where B.where;what C.that;which D.when;

40、which 15.Thepresidentstoodbyawindowinsidetheroom,lookingoverthesquare.A.wherelenteredB.intowhichlenteredC.whichlenteredD.thatlentered城者B三模卷）16.BarbarawenttotheStatesacoupleofyearsago,by timeshehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.（福建卷）A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whose17 .Thegirl everybodyhadthoughtwouldwinagoldmedalfailedatlast.東d匕四市卷）