高中語法專題系列之狀語從句

1、狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)定義：狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。作用：修飾主句中的動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。分類：根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較狀語從 句。在句中位置：狀語從句一般由連詞（從屬連詞）引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起，從句位于句首或句 中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。II.狀語從句的種類類 另I例句.時間狀語從句; (adverbial clause of time)Once you begin the work, you must continue.地點狀語從句；(adverbial

2、 clause of place)Where there is water, there is life.原因狀語從句；(adverbial clause of cause)Since you are very busy, I won't trouble you.條件狀語從句；(adverbial clause of condition)As (So) 10ng as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates目 的狀語從句；(adverbial clause of purpose)He studied hard

3、so that he could catch up with his classmates.結(jié)果狀語從句。(adverbial clause of result)He is such a good teacherthat the students love and respect him讓步狀語從句；(adverbial clause of concession)Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.比 較狀 語從句；(adverbial claus

4、e of comparison)India is much bigger than Japan.方 式狀語 從句；(adverbial clause of manner)We must do everything as he tells usiii.狀語從句的時態(tài)特點一般情況下，時間和條件狀語從句 的謂語動詞一般用'般現(xiàn)在時”表示、般將來時”，用 現(xiàn)在完成時表示將來完成時”。例如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就給你打電話。（這是由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時，

5、表示一般將來時，決不可用 will arrive ）As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home.我一完成此工作，就回家。（從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished ,表示將來完成時，決不可用 will have finished ）If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回來了， 請通知我。（從句中的謂語動詞用comes back,表示一般將來時，決不可用 will come back）IV.狀語從句考點一.時間狀語從句1. when / while / as<1>

6、when引導(dǎo)的從句中既可以是可延續(xù)的v,也可以是非可延續(xù)的v.eg : I ' ll phone you again when I get home.The telephone rang when I was sleeping.<2> while引導(dǎo)的從句中只能為可延續(xù)的v,還表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生具有對比的意味，主從時態(tài)相同.eg：I wonder what happened while I was sleeping.While I played the computer, my sister did her homework.<3> as引導(dǎo)的從句中既可以是可

7、延續(xù)的v,也可以是非可延續(xù)的v.表示發(fā)展變化的情況eg: As time passed, things seemed to get better.表示 J邊"邊”eg： As he was reading, he was shaking his head.2. until / till<1> until=till,指某一持續(xù)的動作持續(xù)到某一時間點為止。eg: I worked as a worker until / till 2008.<2> not until直到"才"，放在句首時主句倒裝。eg: Not until I found a

8、secure job did I own a car.3. since<1>主句現(xiàn)在時，從句過去時。eg： Great changes have taken place since you left this city.JJ現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時<2> It is / has been + 一段時間 + since +過去的時間點eg: It is / has been a long time since we parted.4. before ”才” It is a long time beforeeg: It was a long time before people

9、 got the flood under control.It will be a long time before we meet again.5. 弓I導(dǎo)時間狀從的 n 短語，如 the moment,the day,the time,the first time,each time,by the time, next time,其后不再力口 when。eg: The moment I get the ticket,I' ll send it directly to you.The first time I wrote an English article, I made many

10、 mistakes.6. by the time 到某一時間點為止，主句一般用完成時。eg: By the time he was 12, he had travelled to many countries.7. 表示就”的引導(dǎo)詞<1> as soon as/ immediately/ directly/ instantlyeg: I ' ll give you an answer as soon as/ immediately/ directly/ instantly I' ve finished w<2> no sooner than = hard

11、ly/scarcely領(lǐng)hen 裝； 時態(tài)eg: I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.一 No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.JJ過去完成時一般過去時<3> at/on + n / V-ingeg: At the news,she burst into tears.On her arrival at the countryside,she felt happy.On arriving at the countryside, she felt happy.地點狀語從句常

12、用的地點狀語從句的弓 I 導(dǎo)詞where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhereeg: Just stay where you are and don ove. ' t m （地點狀從 ） f Just stay in the place where you are and don ' t move.（定從）三.原因狀語從句1 .because / since / as / for<1> because語氣最強(qiáng)，通用。<2> since和as語氣較弱，從句一般位于主句之前。eg: Since you can &#

13、39; t do it, you should let me have a try.As I don ' t know the way,I asked a policeman.由于<3> for前面必須有；”隔開，一般表示對前面內(nèi)容的解釋和推斷。eg: It must be snowing , for it is so bright outside.< 4> now that 既然”eg: I ' m going to relax now that the school year is over.< 5> in that = becausee

14、g: The experiment is worth trusting in that it is based on scientific facts.< 6> for the reason that + 同位語從句,解釋 reason的內(nèi)容。eg: For the reason that I didn' t work hard, I failed in the exam.四.目的狀語從句1. so that = in order that（從句中常含有 may/might/will/can/could）eg: Speak louder so that all the pe

15、ople in the hall can hear you.2. for fear （that）惟恐，以防"虛擬eg: I ' m working hard for fear that I should fail.3. in case以免，以防“eg: Take a hat with you in case the weather is very hot.4. 目的狀從與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換，主語一致。eg: We' ll sit in the front of the hall so that we can hear better.f We' ll sit in t

16、he front of the hall so as to / in order to hear better.5 .結(jié)果狀語從句1. so thateg: We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy city.2. so.that. 如此以至于“<1> so + adj / adv + that eg: The text was so boring that I gave up reading it .<2> so + many / few / much / little + n + that

17、eg: He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare money.3. such that<1> such + a / an + adj + 可數(shù) n + thateg: It was such a terrible day that none of us would go out.<2> such + adj + 不可數(shù) n + thateg: You put forward such practical advice that we' re sure to win.4. so th

18、at把so放句首，主句倒裝 。eg: So carelessly did he drive that he was nearly got killed.6 .條件狀語從句主將從現(xiàn)”1. If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.2. You will be late again unless you hurry.除非”=ifnot3. As /So 10ng as you promise to come, I ' ll vyaidi fortil you come.只要4. I ' ll doont condition that

19、 you help me.只要7 .讓步狀語從句陳述語序1 .句首放 adj Young as she is , she knows a lot.盡管2 .句首放 n Pop star as she is , she still needs to improve.3 .句首放 vFail as I did , I would never give up.8 .方式狀語從句1. as像一"樣”eg: Will you please do the experiment as I am doing?2. as if = as though 好象”<1>從句內(nèi)容為事實或具有很大可

20、能性，用陳述語氣。eg: It seems as if the boy has lost his way.<2>從句內(nèi)容不是事實，為主觀想象，用虛擬語氣。eg: The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to作文造句舉例：風(fēng)景類：It's nearly 4 years since the first time I saw the fantastic sunset in Hainan. However, I still remember it as if it happened yesterday.人物類：Its ove

21、r 3 years since I graduated from primary school. However, I still remember my English teacher who once gave me so much care and encouragement.幫助類：Its over 4 years since I joined the Volunteers Club in our school.易混連詞辨析1. because & since & asbecause 解釋性較強(qiáng)，用來回答why 提問的句子, 是 全句中心。since既然”，語氣較bec

22、ause弱，表示一種不言而喻的原因或理由。中心移向主句，從句次之。(=nowthat)as 也表眾所周知的原因，語氣最弱。for 是并列連詞，用來附帶解釋說明前一分句的原因或理由，for 引導(dǎo)的并列句，一般放在所要說明的句子的后面。He worked hard because he wanted to get into a key high school. ( 從句是中心，說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)他想讀重點高中)Since everyone is here, lets begin the party. (主句是中心，說話人想表達(dá)的是可以開始派對了)It must have rained last night

23、, for the ground was wet. (前一句是中心，是說話人想表達(dá)的主要意思)1. you have been to America for many times, you must know something about this country.A) SinceB) AlthoughC) UnlessD) When2. you re interested in Chinese history, let s go to the Shanghai Museum.A) SinceB) BecauseC) AlthoughD) For3. you ve lived in Zhua

24、jioajifor many years, you must be quite familiar with this old town.A. UnlessB. ThoughC. WhenD. Since4. you have made up your mind to lose weight, you'd better eat less in the evening.A) SinceB) AlthoughC) UnlessD) Until5. Mary was late for the party something went wrong with her car.A) so thatB

25、) untilC) becauseD) though6. Linda often has a poor memory she receives most of her knowledge in a passive way.A) thoughB)soC) becauseD) so that2. when & while & as when 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句可用1)非延續(xù)性動詞，表點時間=at the time when 2) 延續(xù)性動詞，表段時間，此時可與while / as 互換。注： a) 從句中的動作既可與主句動作同時發(fā)生b）也可在主句動作之前或之后發(fā)生。后者不可與whil

26、e/as兩者換用。WhenWhileAs I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.When I got home, he was having supper.When I got to the party, some guests had left.（從句動作在主句之后發(fā)生）When he finished his work, he took a short rest.（從句動作在主句之前發(fā)生）X while "在期間”；從句只能用延續(xù)性動詞，引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，強(qiáng)調(diào)某一段時間內(nèi)，主從

27、 句動作同時發(fā)生，或主從句中的動作或事物在從句中的動作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生。表段時間=duringthe time when.Please don ' talk loudly while others are working.（主句動作在從句動作中發(fā)生）My brother was writing an e-mail I was watching TV this last night.（主從句動作同時發(fā)生 ）A. afterB. untilC. whileD. as soon as冰as1）用于表示同一個人的兩種動作交替進(jìn)行，指“一邊一邊”；The girl sings as she

28、 goes to school.2）表示兩個同步發(fā)生的動作或行為；翻譯成“隨著” ； As time went by, she became more and more beautiful.As I get older, I become more optimistic.3. so. that & such. thatX so副詞X such形容詞so + adj./ adv. + that 從句從句soso + many/much/few/little + n. + thatsuchs such + a/an + 形 + n.(單數(shù)) such + n.(復(fù)數(shù))/ n.(不可數(shù))1.

29、 The Bund looks beautiful at night that it attracts a lot of tourists every day.A. veryB. soC. suchD. quite2. The girl was so that she hid herself behind the door. (frighten)3. Changjiang Tunnel-Bridge is so that thousands of citizens visit it every day. (attract)4. The tennis match between our two

30、schools was exciting we all cheered long after it wasover.A) too, thatB) such, that C) so, thatD) both, and4. although & though 表示“雖然”，兩者大致同義，可換用，只是although 比 though 更為正式；Though Although it was raining, we went there.Though Although we are poor, we are still happy. 用作副詞although 一般不用作副詞，而 though

31、可用作副詞，且一般放在句末（不放在句首）， 意為 “可是” 、 “不過”It s hard work; I enjoy it though.He is looking fit, though.用于習(xí)語在 as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，縱然）等固定短語中不能用although;She closed her eyes as though she were tired.He is an honest man, I must say, even though I have opposed him.5. till & untilX until 一般和not連用，

32、以notuntil為句式；也可單獨使用; till 一般單獨使用，不與not 搭配；The young man read till the light went out.I waited until it got dark.Don t get off until the bus stops.練一練：1. John shut everybody out of the kitchen he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. whichB. whenC. so thatD. as if2. I would appreciate it

33、you call back this afternoon for the doctor s appointment.A. untilB. ifC. whenD. that3. As far as I am concerned ， education is about learning and the more you learn ， .A. the more for life are you equippedB. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipped forD. you are equipped

34、the more for life4.After the war ， a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when5. Is Mr. Smith in the office? Yes， he is in charge of the office ， he must be there.A. sinceB. howeverC. whetherD. for6. As your good friend, I will do help you.A. that I

35、can to B. what I can to C. all that I canD. what I can7.John may phone tonight. I don t want to go out he phones.A. as long as B. in order to C. in caseD. so that8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night ， but they hung up I could answer the phone.A. asB. since C. untilD. before9. Don t look

36、 down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. Oh, yes. others are weak, he is strong.A. IfB. When C. WhereD. Though10.1 t is ten years he smoked.1 . thatB. when C. sinceD. while11 .We must hurry up catch up with the last train.A. thatB. so that to C. in order thatD. in order to12 .No matter hard it may

37、 be , I will carry it out.A. whatB. whatever C. howD. however13 .you may do , you must do it well.A. WhichB. Whenever C. WhateverD. When14 . Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday?No. But if I the time , I would definitely go.A. haveB. had C. have hadD. would have15 .you are so wea

38、k, you ' d better stay at home.A. SinceB. For C. BecauseD. Though16 .English and French are taught here. You can choose you like.A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever17.1 saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other I left London.A. asB. before C. sinceD. till18.1 ' l

39、l be back before you.A. will leaveB. will have left C. leaveD. would leave19.The problem won ' t be settled until we a chance to discuss it thoroughly.A. have hadB. will have C. will have had D. would have20.1 f you this experiment , you will understand the theory better.A. will be doing B. have

40、 done C. will have doneD. would do15 CBBBA1115 DCCBA610 BCDCC1620 BCCAB高一高二日校試卷改編I .單句填空1. After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore we knew that our teachers worked harder than we did.2. To give our thanks, we wrote a big card to the teachers it was teachers' day.3. Later t

41、he family settled on Philip 's Island south of Melbourne Hemsworth enjoyed surfing.5. The man took off, but instead of running out of the back door he came in, he accidentally ran into thegarage and was seized there.6. The contest is the first national championship in the US, Canadian filmmaker,

42、 Albert Nerenberg, has previously organized national laughing contests in Canada and Japan and a state championship in California back in 2010.7. The final straw came in July I had decided to focus on commercial modeling .8. You may not think they are related in any possible way, but scientists say

43、that the extreme cold started in the North Pole, where the sea ice is melting rapidly the burning of fossil fuels.9. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly?10

44、. Furthermore, talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure.11. You just smile everything is fine.12. But I could reach it, one of my feet caught in something soft and I fell down.13. the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entranc

45、e at the party.14. However,she loved teaching; in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta.15. Mother Teresa is now a well-known person. Many photos have been taken of her,she travels around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries.16. Fo

46、r month after month an animal may try to bite you every time you approach its cage,you despair of ever making a favorable impression on it.17. Like high-voltage (高電壓)transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it downit can be used by ordinary people.18. the answer or evidence sug

47、gests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.19. much they earned, it never seemed to be enough.20. It was several years Alan and Linda managed to land on their feet, and though they now live alife far from wealthy, they have learned a valuable lesson from their li

48、ves and felt quite blessed.Keys:1-5: because, when, where, where6-10:although,after, because of, so that, however11-20:as if; before; As; though/although; when/as; until; so that; If; However; beforeII .語篇填空(A)Have you ever heard someone use the phrase “ oncen a blue moon"? People use this expr

49、ession to describe something that they do not do very often. For example, someone might say that he tries to avoid eating sweets1they are unhealthy, but will eat chocolate“ once in a blue moon". Or someone who doketoogostoally lithe beach might sayvisifthe shore once in a moon."2 many peop

50、le use this phrase, not everyoneknows the meaning behind it.The first thing to know is that the moon itself is never really blue. This is just an expression fact; the phrase "blue moon" has to do with the shape of the moon, not the color.3the moon travels around the earth, it appears to ch

51、ange shape. We associate names with certain shapes of the moon. For example, 4we can see a small part of the moon is called a crescent moon. Acrescent is a shape that looks like the tip of a fingernail when we cannot see the moon at all; it is called a new moon.When we can see the whole moon is call

52、ed a full moon. Usually, there is only one full moon every month. Sometimes, however ,there will be two full moons in one month. 5this happens, the second full moon iscalled a “ blue moon ”.Over the next 20 years, there will only be 15 blue moons. 6 you can see, a blue moon is a rare event.This fact

53、 has led people to use the expression "once in a blue moon" to describe other very rare events in their lives.(B)Self reflection（ 回憶）means stopping the mad rush of activity and calming yourself and your mind so your brain can evaluate（ 評價）the input it has already received. Some people prefer to do their self reflections mentally , 1 others keep a diary or written notes of some kind. 2 written or purely mental , theprocess is the