中考英語被動語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)經(jīng)典課件

1、 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) ( Active Voice) 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) ( Passive Voice) 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.be + 及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞有人稱，數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化有人稱，數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時：am / is / are + 過去分詞過去分詞 2. 一般過去時：一般過去時：was / were + 過去分詞過

2、去分詞 3. 一般將來時：一般將來時：will+ be + 過去分詞過去分詞4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am / is / are + being + 過去分詞過去分詞5. 過去進(jìn)行時：過去進(jìn)行時：was / were+ being + 過去分詞過去分詞6. 現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + 過去分詞過去分詞 7. 過去完成時：過去完成時：had + been + 過去分詞過去分詞8.過去將來時：過去將來時：would+ be+過去分詞過去分詞9. 含有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞含有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 過去分詞過去分詞 歌訣：被動語態(tài)歌訣：被動語態(tài)be字變，

3、過去分詞跟后面字變，過去分詞跟后面三、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)三、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1） 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰2）沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰）沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰Eg. The house was built in 1950. 這座房子是這座房子是1950年建的。年建的。Eg. Many trees must be planted every year. 每年必須種許多樹。每年必須種許多樹。3） 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者（即賓語）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者（即賓語） Eg. Calculator cant be used in the math exam. 計(jì)算器

4、不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。4）動作的發(fā)出者不是人）動作的發(fā)出者不是人Eg. Many houses were washed away in the flood. 許多房子在洪水中被沖走了。許多房子在洪水中被沖走了。五、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)五、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)1. 主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。2. 謂語動詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的被動形式即謂語動詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的被動形式即be+過過去分詞，（注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語做出去分詞，（注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語做出變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保持不變。）變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保持不變。）3. 主動句的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲兄鲃泳涞闹髡Z變?yōu)楸粍泳?/p>

5、中by的賓語（賓的賓語（賓格），如不需要則可省略。格），如不需要則可省略。4. 其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。They make the bikes in the factory. . The bikesin the factory.are madethembyWe speak English.by us.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)Englishis spoken People play football all over the world.2. The old man on TV tells a story

6、 on Sunday.3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. Football is played all over the world by people.A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully. 把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?。把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?。六、被動語態(tài)的特殊情況六、被動語態(tài)的特殊情況1.在主動語態(tài)中在主動語態(tài)中, ,使役動詞使役動詞make, let, have等

7、等及感官動詞及感官動詞see, watch, hear, notice, feel等等,其后跟省其后跟省to的動詞不定式的動詞不定式(即動詞原形即動詞原形),在在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,必須加上必須加上不定式符號不定式符號to。 1) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 2) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可以把指含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可以把指“人人”

8、的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，也可把指的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，也可把指“物物”的直接賓語的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，但直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前需變?yōu)橹髡Z，但直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前需加上加上to或或for. He gave me a book yesterday.(=he gave a book to me yesterday.) I was given a book by him yesterday. A book was given to me by him yesterday.3.許多由不及物動詞加介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語許多由不及物動詞加介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞，變被動語態(tài)時，介詞

9、、副詞不能相當(dāng)于及物動詞，變被動語態(tài)時，介詞、副詞不能丟掉。丟掉。 We should take care of the children. The children should be taken care of.(of不可省不可省)4.下列動詞下列動詞(短語短語)沒有被動語態(tài)：沒有被動語態(tài)： happen, take place, belong to, cost, take . eg. An accident happened yesterday. 5. 物作主語時，物作主語時， want/need/require/be worth + doing相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于want/need/requi

10、re/be worth + to be doneMy bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行車需要修理。我的自行車需要修理。1) 表事物自然屬性的動詞（表事物自然屬性的動詞（read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink ）和和well/badly/easily/fast/smoothly)連用連用且主語為物時，常用主動語態(tài)表被動意義且主語為物時，常用主動語態(tài)表被動意義The pen writes very fas

11、t.這支筆寫得很流暢。這支筆寫得很流暢。This book sells well. 這本書暢銷這本書暢銷。 6. 主動表被動主動表被動This kind of cloth washes easily這種布很容易洗。這種布很容易洗。 2) 連系動詞連系動詞look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become等用主動表被動。等用主動表被動。Peking Opera sounds beautiful.1.English _ in many countries, but Chinese _ their own languages. A. is

12、 spoken, speak B. speaks, is spokenC. is spoken, speaken D. is spoken, is spoken2.A big cinema _ in our town next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has built3.This book _ by a famous writer many years ago. A. writes B. is written C. was writen D. was written1. -Its difficult for th

13、e village children to cross the river for school. -I think a bridge _ over the river. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built 2He is made _ for12 hours every day. Awork B working Cto work D. worked 3. The girl was often heard_ happily in her room. A. sing B. to sing C. si

14、nging D. sings4. The apple _ very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting 5. What you said _ like a good idea. is heard B. is listened C. sound D. sounded 6. -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time. A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing 7. How dirty

15、 the tables are! They need_. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 8. Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. were taken place B. have taken place C. were happened D. have happened 9. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us五、下列各句均有一處錯誤

16、，請找出并改正過來。五、下列各句均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正過來。 1)I have a lot of homework to be done tonight2)Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？3)Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people4)The music is sounded beautiful. 5)By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? dotoissoundswhom1.樹要在春天種樹要在春天種;2.

17、樹坑要挖得夠大樹坑要挖得夠大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把樹放進(jìn)坑里把樹放進(jìn)坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實(shí)用腳踩實(shí);5.在旁邊插一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長棍子在旁邊插一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長棍子,并且保證棍并且保證棍子插直了子插直了;6.用繩子用繩子（rope）把棍子和樹綁起來把棍子和樹綁起來7.澆好水澆好水. 根據(jù)提示寫一篇以根據(jù)提示寫一篇以How to Plant a Tree?為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上下文連貫。盡量使用下文連貫。盡量使用被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)，80詞左右。詞左右。1.樹要在春天樹要在春天種種;2.樹坑要樹坑要挖挖得得夠大夠大,但不要但不要太深太

18、深;3.把把樹樹放進(jìn)放進(jìn)坑里坑里, 扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用腳腳踩實(shí)踩實(shí);5.在旁邊在旁邊插插一根堅(jiān)一根堅(jiān)實(shí)的長棍子實(shí)的長棍子,并且并且保證保證棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用繩子（繩子（rope）把把棍子棍子和和樹樹綁起來綁起來7.澆好水澆好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe watered well Trees must be planted in

19、 Spring. The hole must be dug large enough but not too deep. Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight. Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet. Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must be kept straight. Trees can be tie

20、d to the stick with a rope. And they must be watered well. 助動詞助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。用于其他所有人稱。 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞just，already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語連用。例如：等狀語連用。例如：

21、 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. （2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。 如：如：for和和since，以及以及 so far, now, today, thi