第40課完形填空

1、第40課 完形填空解題策略解題策略 “完形填空完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學生語法和詞匯知識綜合題是一種旨在考查學生語法和詞匯知識綜合運用能力的典型題型。它結合了單項選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點，運用能力的典型題型。它結合了單項選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點，既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動詞時態(tài)、句型結構、復合句既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動詞時態(tài)、句型結構、復合句的關聯(lián)和習慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。的關聯(lián)和習慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。 .“完形填空完形填空”題要求填入的詞主要有：題要求填入的詞主要有： 1語法結構所要求的功能詞。如：連接詞，連接代詞，連接語法結構所要求的功能詞

2、。如：連接詞，連接代詞，連接副副 詞，關系代詞，關系副詞等。詞，關系代詞，關系副詞等。 2具有語法變化的普通詞。如：動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，具有語法變化的普通詞。如：動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級等。名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級等。 3固定搭配短語或詞組中的特定詞。固定搭配短語或詞組中的特定詞。 4同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。 5根據(jù)上、下文意思及結構必須填入的確定詞。根據(jù)上、下文意思及結構必須填入的確定詞。 可見，完形填空是一種綜合性較強的題型。它的突出特點可見，完形填空是一種綜合性較強的題型。它的突出特點是起點高、容量大。同學們

3、只有具備了扎實的語言基本功、較是起點高、容量大。同學們只有具備了扎實的語言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應這一題型。好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應這一題型。 .“完形填空完形填空”題的考查目的：題的考查目的： 1考查同學們閱讀理解能力?？疾橥瑢W們閱讀理解能力。 2考查同學們語法知識?？疾橥瑢W們語法知識。 3考查同學們綜合運用英語知識的水平和實踐能力?？疾橥瑢W們綜合運用英語知識的水平和實踐能力。 .“完形填空完形填空”題解題的主要思路有：題解題的主要思路有： 1通讀全文，領悟大意。通讀全文，領悟大意。 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出現(xiàn)，因此，通讀全文，完形填空常以文章或段落的

4、形式出現(xiàn)，因此，通讀全文，把握文章整體大意就尤為重要。很多同學為了省時間，只看把握文章整體大意就尤為重要。很多同學為了省時間，只看選項，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的選項，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的關系，結果做出來的答案往往是錯誤的。關系，結果做出來的答案往往是錯誤的。【例【例1】(2011嘉興、舟山嘉興、舟山)IMAGINE a life without arms or legs! You cant hold anyone in your 26. You cant walk anywhere with your feet. How would you la

5、st a day like that? Would you 27 at yourself in the mirror like Nick Vujicic, the 29yearold Australian? ( )26. A. arms B. ears C. eyes D. teeth ( )27. A. laugh B. cry C. smile D. shout 答案答案26.A27.C解析：從首句可獲取解析：從首句可獲取26題答案為題答案為A；然而要想獲??；然而要想獲取27題答案題答案需通讀全文才可獲知：需通讀全文才可獲知：Nick Vujicic是微笑著面對生活。故是微笑著面對生活。故

6、此處為：你會像此處為：你會像Nick Vujicic那樣微笑著面對鏡子里的自己那樣微笑著面對鏡子里的自己嗎？。故嗎？。故27題選題選C。 2重視首句獲信息重視首句獲信息 重視首句、突破首句。完形填空題所選用短文的第一句話通重視首句、突破首句。完形填空題所選用短文的第一句話通常是不設空的，目的是給同學們一個整體印象，同時提示短文常是不設空的，目的是給同學們一個整體印象，同時提示短文的中心內容或提供故事發(fā)生的時間、地點、背景等。的中心內容或提供故事發(fā)生的時間、地點、背景等?！纠纠?】At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help ot

7、hers. Last year we went to an old peoples 1 and sang songs and performed a play for 2 . The old people were very 3 . We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example, we should 4 primary schools and help 5 young students. I want to be a teacher 6 Im older，so it would

8、be a great experience for me. Other students would like to do other jobs. For example, my friend Tian Ge wants to 7 for a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week.( )1. A. home B. bank C. shop D. river( )2. A. us B. them C. him D. her( )3. A. great B. angry C

9、. smart D. happy( )4. A. buy B. have C. visit D. build( )5. A. tell B. ask C. teach D. find( )6. A. how B. when C. where D. why( )7. A. write B. wait C. look D. pay答案答案1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.B7.A解析：首句解析：首句At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others.有提綱挈領之效，簡明扼要地提示我們，作者有提綱挈領之效，簡明扼要地提示我們，作

10、者的學校有一個特殊的日子，那就是幫助別人獻愛心的日子。的學校有一個特殊的日子，那就是幫助別人獻愛心的日子。有助于我們理解全文，甚至讓我們毫不猶豫地確認第有助于我們理解全文，甚至讓我們毫不猶豫地確認第1題應題應填單詞填單詞home.3. 運用短語搭配及固定句式運用短語搭配及固定句式【例【例3】(2011溫州溫州)Grandma helped me wrap the coat in Christmas paper and ribbons, and 21 “To Bobbie, From Father Christmas” on it. A. read B. say C. write D. spel

11、l 答案：答案：C 解析：動詞解析：動詞write與下文與下文on it搭配意為搭配意為“在上面寫下在上面寫下”。 故選故選C。即學即用即學即用1：( )(1)Anyway, those strange characters brought happiness back his heart. (2011麗水麗水) A. for B. with C. into D. by( )(2)Many young people end up in a job because they are not _ for it. (2011煙臺煙臺) A. suitable B. fitted C. able D.

12、 like( )(3)There is a difference _ an interest and a skill. (2011煙臺煙臺) A. both B. between C. from D. eitherCAB4. 運用語法知識運用語法知識【例【例4】(2011溫州溫州)I decided to buy Bobbie a red warm coat _ he would like. A. where B. that C. who D. why 解析：此題考查學生對定語從句的運用。解析：此題考查學生對定語從句的運用。 先行詞先行詞a red warm coat指物，關系代詞須用指物，關

13、系代詞須用that或或which。 故選故選B。B即學即用即學即用2：( )(1)He sat right behind me _ Mrs. Pollacks class. (2011溫州溫州) A. for B. on C. in D. with( )(2)His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough, _ we all knew that he didnt have a cough, and he didnt have a coat. (2011溫州溫州) A. so B. if C. but

14、 D. andCC 5. 運用詞語辨析，選擇判斷運用詞語辨析，選擇判斷 此類題的特點是選項中所給的四個詞詞性相同、詞義相同或此類題的特點是選項中所給的四個詞詞性相同、詞義相同或相近。主要考查學生在具體語言環(huán)境中對所學詞匯的辨析和運相近。主要考查學生在具體語言環(huán)境中對所學詞匯的辨析和運用能力。用能力?！纠纠?】(2011溫州溫州)Then she drove me over to Bobbies house, telling that I was helping Father Christmas _ the presents. A. give up B. give away C. put up

15、 D. put off 解析：解析：give up放棄，放棄，give away贈送，贈送，put up張貼，張貼，put off推遲。推遲。 “give away the presents贈送禮物贈送禮物”符合邏輯。故選符合邏輯。故選B。B即學即用即學即用3：( )(1)I took a deep breath, rushed to his front door, put the present down. _ the door, rang the doorbell and flew back to the safety of.(2011溫州溫州) A. on B. behind C. ou

16、tside D. over( )(2)he looked _ the second old bag: two small dolls, three small stones coins.(2011臺州臺州) A. for B. after C. into D. aroundCC( )(3)When I was about 12 years old, I really wanted a new bike! I_ my parents my birthday wish, . (2011寧波寧波) A. talked B. spoke C. said D. toldD 6. 全面考慮定選項全面考慮定

17、選項 完形填空有些答案的四個選項從詞匯搭配、語法和句子結構完形填空有些答案的四個選項從詞匯搭配、語法和句子結構等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、句、段三者存在著內在邏輯關系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋句、段三者存在著內在邏輯關系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關的暗示及線索找有關的暗示及線索(含體裁、時態(tài)變化線索、詞匯線索、句法含體裁、時態(tài)變化線索、詞匯線索、句法線索、社會文化線索、上下文線索等線索、社會文化線索、上下文線索等)，對文章的情節(jié)進行邏輯，對文章的情節(jié)進行邏輯推理，抓住含有關鍵信息的詞語，理順句子之間的關系，確定

18、推理，抓住含有關鍵信息的詞語，理順句子之間的關系，確定正確的答案。正確的答案。 注意：不要試圖從頭至尾地去解答完形填空題。有的選項內注意：不要試圖從頭至尾地去解答完形填空題。有的選項內容在短文的其他地方有較為明確的提示，甚至原封不動地重現(xiàn)。容在短文的其他地方有較為明確的提示，甚至原封不動地重現(xiàn)。 (1)運用詞匯復現(xiàn)，選擇判斷。運用詞匯復現(xiàn)，選擇判斷。 復現(xiàn)有原詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞復現(xiàn)、反義詞復現(xiàn)、同詞根復現(xiàn)、復現(xiàn)有原詞復現(xiàn)、同義詞復現(xiàn)、反義詞復現(xiàn)、同詞根復現(xiàn)、概括詞復現(xiàn)等。完形填空中，考生可以利用上下文的復現(xiàn)信息，概括詞復現(xiàn)等。完形填空中，考生可以利用上下文的復現(xiàn)信息，確定正確的表達方式。確定正確的

19、表達方式。 原詞復現(xiàn)。原詞復現(xiàn)。 為了表達的需求，有時在上下文同一概念會為了表達的需求，有時在上下文同一概念會重復出現(xiàn)?？忌梢越柚舷挛闹械倪@一信息選擇答案。重復出現(xiàn)?？忌梢越柚舷挛闹械倪@一信息選擇答案?！纠纠?】(2010 溫州溫州)Grandma handed me ten dollars and said, “Take the _ and buy something for someone who needs it. For a few seconds I just stood there, holding the money, . A. book B. coat C. pres

20、ent D. money 解析：本題屬于原詞復現(xiàn)題。由下文解析：本題屬于原詞復現(xiàn)題。由下文“holding the money 我拿著錢我拿著錢”可知此處應填入可知此處應填入money。故選。故選D。D即學即用即學即用4：( )(1)Grandma parked the car along the street, and we hid behind the trees near Bobbies house. I took a deep breath, rushed to his front door, put the present down. rang the doorbell and fl

21、ew back to the safety of the and Grandma. (2011溫州溫州) A. shop B. cars C. door D. treesD( )(2).“I forget to put this note in it，” she said. When Molly put her arms around her fathers neck, he opened the _ that read: “I love you, Daddy.” (2011臺州臺州) A. card B. letter C. note D. book C 同義詞、近義詞、反義詞復現(xiàn)。同義詞、

22、近義詞、反義同義詞、近義詞、反義詞復現(xiàn)。同義詞、近義詞、反義詞復現(xiàn)是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表達方式，或解釋性詞復現(xiàn)是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表達方式，或解釋性的語言使上下文語意得以連貫起來。做完形填空時，考生應的語言使上下文語意得以連貫起來。做完形填空時，考生應注意分析上下文中出現(xiàn)的解釋性語言。注意分析上下文中出現(xiàn)的解釋性語言?！纠纠?】(2010 溫州溫州) .I ran to my grandmothers house, for she always told the truth. Grandma was at home. I told _ everything. “No Fath

23、er Christmas？”. A. him B. her C. them D. you 解析：本題屬于近義詞復現(xiàn)。上文：我向奶奶家跑去，解析：本題屬于近義詞復現(xiàn)。上文：我向奶奶家跑去， 奶奶在家?？膳袛辔腋嬖V她奶奶在家?？膳袛辔腋嬖V她her一切。故選一切。故選B。B即學即用即學即用5：( )(1)I thought of _ I knew: my family, my friends, my neighbors. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody( )(2)This one didnt look so good. It was _ a

24、nd was held together with tape(膠帶膠帶). (2011臺州臺州) A. nice B. old C. empty D. expensiveAB同源詞復現(xiàn)同源詞復現(xiàn)【例【例8】(2011臺州臺州)It was Mollys job to hand her father his paper lunch bag each morning before he went to work. One morning, beside his usual lunch bag, Molly _ him a second paper bag. A. handed B. asked C

25、. helped D. bought 解析：本題屬于同源詞復現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的解析：本題屬于同源詞復現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“hand her father his paper lunch bag遞給她爸爸午餐袋遞給她爸爸午餐袋”，可判斷，可判斷handed為為 正確答案。故選正確答案。故選A。A即學即用即學即用6：( )The busy father smiled, finished eating and _ away the bags, dolls and stones. .he had thrown them into the trash can(垃圾箱垃圾箱) . (2011臺州臺州) A. g

26、ave B. put C. ran D. threw D(2)對文章的情節(jié)進行邏輯推理，選擇判斷。對文章的情節(jié)進行邏輯推理，選擇判斷。【例【例9】(2011溫州溫州)Bobbie _ went to any party during the winter. His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough，.we all knew that he didnt have a cough, and he didnt have a coat. . A. always B. often C. sometime

27、 D. never 解析：本題考查根據(jù)上下文理解，進行推理。根據(jù)下文：他媽解析：本題考查根據(jù)上下文理解，進行推理。根據(jù)下文：他媽 媽總是寫紙條告訴老師他咳嗽，媽總是寫紙條告訴老師他咳嗽，我們都知道他沒咳嗽，我們都知道他沒咳嗽， 我們也知道他沒有大衣。判斷：整個冬天他從未參加任何晚我們也知道他沒有大衣。判斷：整個冬天他從未參加任何晚 會。故選會。故選D。D即學即用即學即用7：( )(1)“No Father Christmas？” she was a little _. “Dont believe it. Put on your coat, and lets go.” A. angry B. h

28、appy C. tired D. afraid( )(2)Grandma told me Father Christmas never let people know that he _them. (2011溫州溫州) A. helped B. believed C . taught D. madeAA(3)抓住含有關鍵信息的詞語，選擇判斷。抓住含有關鍵信息的詞語，選擇判斷?！纠纠?0】(2011臺州臺州).he looked into the second old bag: two small dolls, three small stones coins. . .Those are th

29、e _ I really love. A. foods B. places C. people D. collections 解析：本題由上文中解析：本題由上文中“two small dolls, three small stones coins 兩個小布娃娃，三個小石子。兩個小布娃娃，三個小石子?！笨芍@是可知這是collections收藏。收藏。 故選故選D。D即學即用即學即用8：( )(1)For a few seconds I just stood there, holding the money, wondering _ to buy, and who to buy it for. I decided to