動(dòng)詞與介詞的固定搭配

1、 Unit 16 GrammarI.VocabularyGrammar Language Focus P269Language Focus P269 動(dòng)詞與介詞的固定搭配動(dòng)詞與介詞的固定搭配 ( (詳見例子詳見例子) ) 本課介紹一種形式：動(dòng)詞本課介紹一種形式：動(dòng)詞 sb. sb. 介詞介詞 sth.sth.Language Focus P270Language Focus P270 表達(dá)因果關(guān)系表達(dá)因果關(guān)系 本課介紹兩種形式：本課介紹兩種形式： 1) 1) 介詞短語：介詞短語：due todue to， because of because of 2) 2) 動(dòng)詞短語：動(dòng)詞短語：lead t

2、olead to， cause/be caused bycause/be caused by 1） 介詞短語：介詞短語：due to， because of 代詞代詞/名詞名詞/動(dòng)名動(dòng)名詞詞/從句從句 due to 表示表示 “因?yàn)椋挥梢驗(yàn)?；由引起；由于引起；由于”，be due to 作作表語，表語，due to作狀語作狀語 Her illness was due to bad food. 她的病是壞了的食物造成的。她的病是壞了的食物造成的。 He had an accident due to driving at high speed. 他由于高速開車而引起了交通事故。他由于高速開車而引起

3、了交通事故。because of because of 表示表示 “ “因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤?”, be because of, be because of作表語，作表語，because ofbecause of作狀語作狀語 He eats because of greed, not hunger.He eats because of greed, not hunger. 他不是因?yàn)轲I了他不是因?yàn)轲I了, ,而是因?yàn)樨澴觳懦缘摹６且驗(yàn)樨澴觳懦缘摹?His absence from the meeting is because His absence from the meeting is because

4、 of his illness.of his illness. 他沒有出席會(huì)議是因?yàn)樗×?。他沒有出席會(huì)議是因?yàn)樗×恕? 2） 動(dòng)詞短語：動(dòng)詞短語：lead tolead to， cause/be caused by cause/be caused by 代詞代詞/ /名詞名詞/ /動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞/ /從句從句+lead to +lead to 表示表示 “ “導(dǎo)致，引起導(dǎo)致，引起” ”（主動(dòng)（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）語態(tài)） His remark led to further discussion.His remark led to further discussion. 他的一番話引出進(jìn)一步的討論。他的一

5、番話引出進(jìn)一步的討論。 The new policies led to disaster.The new policies led to disaster. 這些新政策導(dǎo)致了災(zāi)難。這些新政策導(dǎo)致了災(zāi)難。cause/be caused by cause/be caused by 表示表示 “ “引起引起, , 惹起惹起, , 使使( (發(fā)生發(fā)生)” )”（主（主動(dòng)動(dòng)/ /被動(dòng)語態(tài)）被動(dòng)語態(tài)） The wound isnt serious, but may cause some The wound isnt serious, but may cause some discomfort.discom

6、fort. 傷口并不嚴(yán)重傷口并不嚴(yán)重, ,但可能會(huì)引起一些不舒適。但可能會(huì)引起一些不舒適。 What caused his failure?What caused his failure? 什么使得他失敗了什么使得他失敗了? ? The flood was caused by the heavy rain.The flood was caused by the heavy rain. 大雨引起了洪水。大雨引起了洪水。 The damage was caused by fire.The damage was caused by fire. 損失是由火災(zāi)造成的。損失是由火災(zāi)造成的。Language

7、 Focus P275Language Focus P275 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示勸告情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示勸告 概念：提出建議或給予勸告概念：提出建議或給予勸告 形式：形式：mustmust，shouldshould，ought to ought to 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 must “must “必須必須, , 應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)當(dāng), , 一定一定, , 肯定肯定” ”，語氣直接，強(qiáng)硬，語氣直接，強(qiáng)硬 I must shut the door, or the rain will come in.I must shut the door, or the rain will come in. 我必須把門關(guān)上，不然雨就進(jìn)來了。我

8、必須把門關(guān)上，不然雨就進(jìn)來了。 Soldiers must obey orders.Soldiers must obey orders. 軍人必須服從命令。軍人必須服從命令。 We must keep our word.We must keep our word. 我們必須遵守諾言。我們必須遵守諾言。 You must not do it.You must not do it. 你不可以做那件事。你不可以做那件事。 We must tell him.We must tell him. 我們必須告訴他。我們必須告訴他。should should 否定式縮略為否定式縮略為 shouldntshou

9、ldnt表示表示 “ “應(yīng)該應(yīng)該” ”， 語氣較溫和，也可表示強(qiáng)硬語氣較溫和，也可表示強(qiáng)硬 Children should obey their parents.Children should obey their parents. 兒童應(yīng)該服從他們的父母。兒童應(yīng)該服從他們的父母。 You should send her a note.You should send her a note. 你應(yīng)該給她留一個(gè)條。你應(yīng)該給她留一個(gè)條。 They should arrive at noon.They should arrive at noon. 她應(yīng)該在中午到達(dá)。她應(yīng)該在中午到達(dá)。ought to

10、否定式為否定式為 ought not to 表示表示 “應(yīng)該，應(yīng)應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)”， 用法與用法與should 較接近較接近 You ought to work harder. 你應(yīng)該更努力工作。你應(yīng)該更努力工作。 You ought to wear a raincoat. 你應(yīng)該穿件雨衣。你應(yīng)該穿件雨衣。 You ought to see the picture. 這部影片你去看看才好。這部影片你去看看才好。 One ought not to cross the street against the red light, 人們不該在紅燈時(shí)過馬路。人們不該在紅燈時(shí)過馬路。 VocabularyAc

11、tivity 2 P267 guilty (of) adj. Responsible for a reprehensible act; deserving of blame有有罪的罪的, 應(yīng)受到譴責(zé)的應(yīng)受到譴責(zé)的 He is guilty of a crime. He is guilty of cheating. 他犯了罪他犯了罪, 犯詐騙罪。犯詐騙罪。 Did you notice his guilty looks？ 你注意到他做賊心虛的表情了嗎？你注意到他做賊心虛的表情了嗎？convictconvict vt. to find or prove (someone) guilty of vt

12、. to find or prove (someone) guilty of an offense or crime, especially by the verdict an offense or crime, especially by the verdict of a courtof a court（常與（常與ofof連用）證明有連用）證明有罪；宣判罪；宣判有有罪罪 The jury convicted the defendant of The jury convicted the defendant of manslaughter.manslaughter. 陪審團(tuán)判定被告犯有殺人罪陪

13、審團(tuán)判定被告犯有殺人罪 He was convicted of murder.He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有謀殺罪。他被判犯有謀殺罪。pretendpretend（to do/that -to do/that -） v.tr. to represent fictitiously v.tr. to represent fictitiously in play; make believe in play; make believe 偽裝；假裝，使相信：偽裝；假裝，使相信： He pretended not to know the facts.He pretend

14、ed not to know the facts. 他佯裝不知實(shí)情。他佯裝不知實(shí)情。 He pretended to be reading an important paper He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.when the boss entered. 老板進(jìn)來時(shí)他假裝在看一份重要的文件。老板進(jìn)來時(shí)他假裝在看一份重要的文件。 He pretended (that) he was ill so that he could He pretended (that) he was ill so t

15、hat he could stay at home.stay at home. 他假裝病了以便能待在家里。他假裝病了以便能待在家里。 Lets pretend (that) were on the spaceship Lets pretend (that) were on the spaceship orbiting round the earth!orbiting round the earth! 讓我們假裝是在沿軌道繞地球運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的宇宙飛船上讓我們假裝是在沿軌道繞地球運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的宇宙飛船上! !commit commit v.tr. to do, perform, or perpetrate: v.

16、tr. to do, perform, or perpetrate: 犯犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪）；做（壞事）；作（奸）；（錯(cuò)誤、罪）；做（壞事）；作（奸）； 犯犯（法）（法） A robbery was committed last night.A robbery was committed last night. 昨晚發(fā)生了一起盜竊案。昨晚發(fā)生了一起盜竊案。 He committed a murder.He committed a murder. 他犯了謀殺罪。他犯了謀殺罪。 If you commit a crime you can never If you commit a crime you c

17、an never escape being punished.escape being punished. 你要是犯罪你要是犯罪, ,就逃脫不了要受懲罰。就逃脫不了要受懲罰。sendsend v. to cause to be conveyed by an v. to cause to be conveyed by an intermediary to a destination: intermediary to a destination: 使使被運(yùn)被運(yùn)送到目的地送到目的地 It is now being sent to his home by It is now being sent to

18、 his home by train.train. 現(xiàn)在正用火車把它運(yùn)往他家?，F(xiàn)在正用火車把它運(yùn)往他家。 The judge sent the criminal to prison.The judge sent the criminal to prison. 法官判罪犯入獄。法官判罪犯入獄。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“ “It +is /was+ It +is /was+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+ that (who)+ + that (who)+ 從從句句” ”中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分提前。中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分提前。 It was she who had been wrong. It was she who ha

19、d been wrong. 是她錯(cuò)了。是她錯(cuò)了。 It was John and his brother that we met in the It was John and his brother that we met in the park last week.park last week. 上星期我們?cè)诠珗@遇見的是約翰和他的兄弟。上星期我們?cè)诠珗@遇見的是約翰和他的兄弟。 It was in your room that I left my bag. It was in your room that I left my bag. 是在你的房間里我放下了我的包。是在你的房間里我放下了我的包

20、。 It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到這件事。直到昨晚我才注意到這件事。 sentence (to) v. to pronounce sentence upon sentence (to) v. to pronounce sentence upon (one adjudged guilty). (one adjudged guilty). 判決，對(duì)（被判定有罪判決，對(duì)（被判定有罪的人）宣布

21、判決的人）宣布判決 He was sentenced to death.He was sentenced to death. 他被判處死刑。他被判處死刑。 The judge sentenced him to five years in The judge sentenced him to five years in the prison for theft.the prison for theft. 法官判處他盜竊罪入獄五年。法官判處他盜竊罪入獄五年。Activity 10 P274Activity 10 P274avoid (sth./doing)avoid (sth./doing) v.

22、 to keep from happening v. to keep from happening防止發(fā)生防止發(fā)生 I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.saw me and came running towards me. 我橫穿馬路以便避開他我橫穿馬路以便避開他, ,但他看到了我并朝我跑過來。但他看到了我并朝我跑過來。 To avoid confusion, t

23、he teams wore different To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors.colors. 為避免混淆為避免混淆, ,兩隊(duì)分穿不同顏色的衣服。兩隊(duì)分穿不同顏色的衣服。 o avoid the city center, we may turn right here and o avoid the city center, we may turn right here and take the belt highway.take the belt highway. 從這里往右拐走環(huán)行道可以避開鬧市中心。從這里往右拐走環(huán)行道

24、可以避開鬧市中心。wake upwake up v. to cease to sleep; become v. to cease to sleep; become awake awake 醒來醒來 Do you wake up feeling tired?Do you wake up feeling tired? 你早晨醒來時(shí)感到疲倦嗎你早晨醒來時(shí)感到疲倦嗎? ? I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asle

25、ep.door-bell, but she was fast asleep. 我按了門鈴想喚醒我的妻子我按了門鈴想喚醒我的妻子, ,但是她睡得很但是她睡得很死。死。switch (on/off) v. to cause (an electric current switch (on/off) v. to cause (an electric current or appliance) to begin or cease operation:or appliance) to begin or cease operation:開開啟啟, , 使（電流或電器）開始或停止運(yùn)作使（電流或電器）開始或停止運(yùn)作 Dont switch the TV on and off.Dont switch the TV on an