獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法

1、11獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)absolute construction12 （measure）over 90 meters, the tree is the tallest in the park. over 90 meters, he felt surprised.MeasuringThe tree measuring13“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是帶有獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是帶有自己主語(yǔ)自己主語(yǔ)的的非非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分句和和無(wú)動(dòng)詞分句無(wú)動(dòng)詞分句。常在。常在句中句中作作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)，表表謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨間、原因、條件或伴隨等等。獨(dú)立主。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可放于句首、句尾，用逗號(hào)格結(jié)

2、構(gòu)可放于句首、句尾，用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)和主句隔開(kāi)。14 由兩部分構(gòu)成：由兩部分構(gòu)成： 第一部分：名詞、名詞詞組或代詞第一部分：名詞、名詞詞組或代詞 第二部分：動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式第二部分：動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式( 動(dòng)詞不定動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)式、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ))、形容、形容詞、副詞、名詞和介詞短語(yǔ)詞、副詞、名詞和介詞短語(yǔ)。 The question settled, they went to have their lunch. The man lay there, his hands trembling.15 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下形式：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下形式：1. 名詞

3、名詞(或代詞或代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)； 現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)狀態(tài)等。等。 As soon as the bell rang, all the students entered the classroom. 此句可改寫(xiě)為：此句可改寫(xiě)為： The bell ringing, all the students entered the classroom. 162. 名詞名詞(或代詞或代詞)+過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)； 過(guò)去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞過(guò)去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動(dòng)完成被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作或所處的一種或

4、所處的一種狀態(tài)狀態(tài)。 As her homework was done, Mary decided to go shopping. 此句可改寫(xiě)為：此句可改寫(xiě)為： Her homework done, Mary decided to go shopping. 173. 名詞名詞(或代詞或代詞)+動(dòng)詞不定式；動(dòng)詞不定式； 在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞(或代詞或代詞)與動(dòng)詞不定式之間與動(dòng)詞不定式之間為為主動(dòng)主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式表示關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來(lái)將來(lái)。 He suggested going for a picnic and Mary would provide the food. 此

5、句可改寫(xiě)為：此句可改寫(xiě)為： He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. 184. 名詞名詞(或代詞或代詞)+形容詞；形容詞；形容詞（短語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的形容詞（短語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)，性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，原因狀態(tài)，原因等。等。 The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. 5. 名詞名詞(或代詞或代詞)+副詞；副詞；副詞說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的副詞說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)狀態(tài)。 He sat at the table, head down

6、. 196. 名詞名詞(或代詞或代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ)；介詞短語(yǔ)； 介詞短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明伴隨前面名詞或代詞的方式或者介詞短語(yǔ)說(shuō)明伴隨前面名詞或代詞的方式或者狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)。 Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away. 7. 名詞名詞(或代詞或代詞)+名詞；名詞；名詞一般做前面名詞或代詞的同位語(yǔ)。名詞一般做前面名詞或代詞的同位語(yǔ)。 Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. 1108. Here (或或there)+現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)； As there wa

7、s no bus, we had to walk home. 此句可改寫(xiě)為：此句可改寫(xiě)為： There being no bus, we had to walk home. Because here came another guest, I had to buy one more bottle of wine. 此句可改寫(xiě)為：此句可改寫(xiě)為： Here coming another guest, I had to buy one more bottle of wine. 1119. 介詞介詞with ( like, without, 等等 ) +賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(名詞或代名詞或代詞詞)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成

8、的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要有現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要有現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、名詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、名詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等。介詞短語(yǔ)等。 現(xiàn)在分詞表示目前狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞表示目前狀態(tài)(主動(dòng)主動(dòng))， 過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成(被動(dòng)被動(dòng))， 動(dòng)詞不定式則表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。動(dòng)詞不定式則表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。112 With you to lead the way, we are sure to get there on time. With so many people communicat

9、ing in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. With his homework finished, he went to see a film. We could hardly see anything with the lights out. Two guards were standing at the gate, with a gun in their hands. Without one more word spoken, th

10、ey went away. The old man lives alone with the dog his only companion.113 介詞介詞with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)也可將介詞有時(shí)也可將介詞with省去，同時(shí)也可省去這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的代省去，同時(shí)也可省去這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的代詞或冠詞，這樣使句子顯得更簡(jiǎn)練。例如：詞或冠詞，這樣使句子顯得更簡(jiǎn)練。例如： The teacher went into the classroom, with a book in his hand.= The teacher went into the classroom, book in hand.

11、Jim was standing there, motionless, with his eyes fixed upon Della.= Jim was standing there, motionless, eyes fixed upon Della. Tom stood in front of his teacher with his head down.= Tom stood in front of his teacher, head down114 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)句法功能：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)句法功能： 多作狀語(yǔ)，表時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨或多作狀語(yǔ)，表時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

12、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 The question rather difficult, we must spend more time considering it carefully.( 表示原因表示原因 ) =As the question is rather difficult, we must spend more time considering it carefully. Weather permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.(表示條件表示條件) =If weather permits, we will go for an outing tom

13、orrow. Thank you！115116 這些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或其這些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或其他結(jié)構(gòu)，這些從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不同。他結(jié)構(gòu)，這些從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不同。 如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，則只能變?yōu)槿绻麖木涞闹髡Z(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，則只能變?yōu)榉衷~短語(yǔ)；從句為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞分詞短語(yǔ)；從句為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)；若從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)；若從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則變?yōu)檫^(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。試比較：短語(yǔ)。試比較： After he did the work, he went home.= Having done the work, he went home. After the work was done, he went home.= The work done, he went home. If water is heated, it will turn into steam.= Heated, water will turn into steam. As so many people were absent, the meeting had to be put off till next week. = So many