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1、初中英語時(shí)態(tài)講解初中英語時(shí)態(tài)講解 初中階段,要求學(xué)生掌握動(dòng)詞六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)態(tài))及它們的主要用法和區(qū)別。了解過去將來、過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法,解題時(shí)注意找出關(guān)鍵詞,正確判斷出時(shí)態(tài),按時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)正確變化動(dòng)詞。注意句子時(shí)態(tài)的一致性,注意對(duì)特殊時(shí)態(tài)的處理。1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示目前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 結(jié)構(gòu): 1)be動(dòng)詞。有一順口溜: 我用am ,你用 are ,is 用于他,她,它, 單數(shù)is,復(fù)數(shù)are.肯定式:

2、主語+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主語+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑問式:Am /Is /Are + 主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + am/ is /are(否) No,主語 + am /is/are not 2)行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外,都用動(dòng)詞原形,主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),在動(dòng)詞 詞尾加-s或-es ?!皠?dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)”的加法 即 “如何從動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)”1、一般情況加s. 2、以o, s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾加es. 3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾 改y為i +es肯定式:主語+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否定式:

3、主語+助動(dòng)詞 don't/doesn't +動(dòng)詞原形+其他疑問式:Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does (否)No,主語+do/does not 縮寫形式: don't = do not doesn't =does not 注意:have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has 用法:1.表示事實(shí),現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作,常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時(shí)間狀語連用,

4、eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作 . eg. Here comes the train. 4.在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時(shí) . 'll go with you if you are free tomorrow.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch)

5、TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?二、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方,將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English _2. Does he likes going fishing _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。通常用“now/loo

6、k/listen”.1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu):.肯定句 : 主語+be(is,am,are ) +動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading.否定句:主語+be(is,am,are )+not + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing一般疑問句:Is(Are)+主語+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing特殊疑問:疑問詞+ be + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞ing?3.動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1)一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2)

7、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3)如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping,swimswimming4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí):用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空: boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?

8、5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .(wash )clothes Yes ,she is .3、 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)通常用 “a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last”等。1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。2Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化:am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasnt)are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=werent)帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的

9、變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3.行為動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)變化 肯定句(Positive) 動(dòng)詞過去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句(Negative)didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形I didnt go shopping last night.一般疑問句(Yes/No)Did + 動(dòng)詞原形Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑問句(wh-)What did+ 動(dòng)詞原形What did you do last night? 4.動(dòng)詞過去式的變化:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:一

10、般動(dòng)詞 +edplanted,watered,climbed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 +dliked輔音字母加y結(jié)尾-y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried重讀閉音節(jié)單詞,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+edstop stoppedplan - planned不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式原形過去式sweepsweptteachtaughthave hadgowentkeepkeptthink thoughtdo didfindfoundsleepsleptbuy boughteat atesaysaidfeelfeltdrink drankis/am w

11、astaketookreadreadgive gaveare weremeanmeantputputsing sangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbegin beganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwrite wroteseesawflyflewrun ranride rodecomecamedrawdrewsit sathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/ learntgetgotknowknew5.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形如: What did Jim do yesterday疑問

12、詞當(dāng)主語時(shí):疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過去式如:Who went to home yesterday 過去時(shí)練習(xí):一、 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. It _ Bens birthday last Friday.二、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He _ (live) i

13、n Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night.3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)7. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday No, t

14、hey _.三、中譯英1格林先生去年住在中國。2. 昨天我們參觀了農(nóng)場。4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí):肯定句:主語+助動(dòng)詞be (was,were)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+其它否定句:主語+助動(dòng)詞be (was,were)+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+其它一般疑問句:Was(Were)+主語+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+其它?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was(were)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing+其它?用法: 1、 表示在過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,往往有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語then, at that time, this time yesterday等,或與過去發(fā)生的某事同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(即與when, while引出的時(shí)

15、間狀語從句連用)。 例:They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening. 昨晚6點(diǎn)他們正在談?wù)撘徊侩娪啊?What were you doing at this time last week 上周的這個(gè)時(shí)候你在干什么 When the teacher came in, they were talking. 老師進(jìn)來時(shí),他們在講話。 2、 表示在過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 例:They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon. She was watching TV

16、the whole morning. 3、 表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 例:He said he was leaving on Tuesday. 他說他周二動(dòng)身。 Tom said he was going tomorrow. 湯姆說他明天去。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題:一、動(dòng)詞填空。1John_(work) all day yesterday.2 What_you _(do) at ten o'clock yesterdayI_(studay) in class3When Harry _(have) breakfast Lily _(telephone) him 4When I _ (go)

17、to school this morning I _ (see) a car running into a bus6. This time yesterday Jack _ (mend) his bike.7. I _ (write) a letter at ten last night.8. It was six. The Greens _ (have) supper.9. When you _ (knock) at the door yesterday,I _ (do) some washing.10. While my mother _ (watch) TV, I _(make) a k

18、ite.4、一般將來時(shí)概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。1.基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be (is,am,are)going to +動(dòng)詞原形. 主語+will+ 動(dòng)詞原形.2.否定句:主語+be (is,am,are)+not +going to +動(dòng)詞原形.主語+will +not(wont)+ 動(dòng)詞原形.例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not

19、 going to have a picnic this afternoon.3.一般疑問句:Is(Are)+主語 +going to +動(dòng)詞原形.+?Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+?例:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? Yes,we are. No, we arent.Will he go to Beijing next week Yes,he will. No,he wont.4.對(duì)劃線部分提問。一般情況,一般將來時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。 1

20、). 問人。Who 例如:Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2). 問干什么。What do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3). 問什么時(shí)候。When.例如:Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?5同義句:be going to =

21、 will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.一、練習(xí):填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛 我想去打籃球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday I _ play basketball.3. 你媽媽這

22、個(gè)周末去購物嗎是,她要去買一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _ Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But toda

23、y is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday

24、I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:肯定句:主語+助動(dòng)詞have(has)+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed 否定句:主語+助動(dòng)詞have(has)+not(havent,hasnt)+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed 一般疑問句:Have(Has)+ 主語

25、+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed+? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+have(has)+ 主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed+?用法: 1、 表示說話之前已完成的動(dòng)作,而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在是情況仍有影響。常被just,already,yet 等副詞修飾。 Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生剛從美國回來。 2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用來表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常帶有for或since 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983. 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞即終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。常見終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

26、 (或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞) 的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下:come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at open - be open die - be dead close - be closed become -be borrow - keep put on - wear buy - have leave - be away (from) begin / start - be on fall asleep - be asleepend/finish - be over catch a cold - have a cold join the army - be i

27、n the army, be a soldier join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member 例:吉姆買這支已有兩年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4.在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來”時(shí)間狀語中,謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the la

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