四級(jí)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)(講解、練習(xí)、答案)

1、四級(jí)時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)(講解、練習(xí)、答案)一時(shí)態(tài)（.修改） 英語中共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，我們并不一一贅述。這里我們只講容易用錯(cuò)的、也是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在試卷上的時(shí)態(tài)方面的問題。只要同學(xué)們掌握了我們所講的知識(shí)就能會(huì)做題，做對(duì)題。 .“現(xiàn)在時(shí)”中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題1. 如果說的是將來的事，主句用將來時(shí)，狀語從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。狀語從句常由以下連詞引導(dǎo)：if, in case, when, as, as soon as before, until, unless, who(what/ when/ where)ever, no matter who(what/ when/ where), etc. If he comes, Ill

2、give it to him. Ill stay here until he promises to do as I ask. You wont pass the exam unless you work hard. Ill begin the dictation when you are ready. No matter where you go, youll find Coca-Cola. No matter how much it costs, Ill buy it. （第1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.題） *幾個(gè)特殊的副詞、名詞短語也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句，所用時(shí)態(tài)同上。 the mome

3、nt immediately the minute = as soon as instantly = as soon as the instant directly every time = whenever/ no matter when the next time = next time when each time The children are to do their homework the moment they arrive back from school. The machine starts the minute the button is pressed. Tell m

4、e immediately you have any news. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you come.(第7. 8.題) 1）如果強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作在先，主句動(dòng)作在后時(shí)，從句可用完成時(shí)。（既從句動(dòng)作發(fā)成之后，才開始主句的動(dòng)作。） When he has sold all the newspapers, hell go home. The postman cannot reach the house until the snow has melted.2）now that從句常表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，在從句動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生的前提下才開始主

5、句的動(dòng)作，故該從句常用完成時(shí)。 Now that the rain has stopped, lets go at once. Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.（第9. 10.題）3）如果if條件從句出現(xiàn)if sb. will/ would,表示意愿，“如果某人愿意”will、would是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 If you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you.如果你愿意脫掉身上的衣服，我們就把新衣服給你穿上。（從句

6、的will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主句的will是助動(dòng)詞，表將來時(shí)） If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France. 只有你肯這樣做，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)老百姓為什麼會(huì)不滿意，你就會(huì)理解正在威脅著法國的革命。4）if、when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表達(dá)將來的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用將來時(shí)。 I cant tell you if itll rain tomorrow. Do you know when they will arri

7、ve?5）一些關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的從句中也可以用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。 Well drive faster than you do. She will probably be on the same plane as I am. Ill have a good time whether I win or lose.2. 以下句型從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來的動(dòng)作 long It will (not) be hours before sb. do sth. years It will be long before we meet again. It will be hours before t

8、he rain stops. But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins to look as it did before. . 完成時(shí)1. 以下句型從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) This the first (second, third fourth) sth.That is the only sth. (that) sb. have done sth.It the best (worst最高級(jí)) sth. This is the third pair of shoes youve worn out this year. It

9、 is the only party that Ive really enjoyed in my life. It is one of the most interesting books that Ive ever read. * 這里指截止到目前為止的情況，如果說截止到過去的某一時(shí)間為止，用過去完成時(shí)。 She understood what I was talking about, even though it was the first time we had spoken together. 2. 有以下時(shí)間狀語的句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) for years during the past/

10、 last year (two, three, four, few/ several) months over weeks in In the past few years great changes have taken place in computers. That has been my life for these ten years.3. since句子里的時(shí)態(tài)問題 1）作介詞用時(shí)，和過去的時(shí)間搭配，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Paper has been made in America since 1690. since ago作狀語，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Mary is in New Yor

11、k. She has been there since six days ago. ever since 作狀語，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) He fell off his horse a week ago and has been in bed ever since.2）作連詞用時(shí)，從句用過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Weve been friends since we met at school. He has worked there since it opened in 1989. （第12. 13.題）4. 瞬間動(dòng)詞的注意事項(xiàng) 常見的瞬間動(dòng)詞：go, come, enter, arrive, le

12、ave, die, marry, join, buy, borrow, get up, catch a cold, get married, etc.這類動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生就馬上結(jié)束，故用在完成時(shí)中不能和表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 錯(cuò) He has left for three days. 對(duì) He has been away for three days. 或：It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since sb. did (瞬間動(dòng)詞)sth. has been It is/ has been three days since he left. It is more than half a y

13、ear since I entered college. *如果表達(dá)截止到過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間為止的動(dòng)作，用以下句型： It was + 一段時(shí)間 + since sb. had done (瞬間動(dòng)詞)sth. I said that it was at least 10 years since I had enjoyed a good drink.5. by短語作時(shí)間狀語的注意事項(xiàng) 1）“by”和過去的時(shí)間連用時(shí)，句子用過去完成時(shí)；和將來的時(shí)間連用時(shí)，句子用將來完成時(shí)。 By 1985, he had taught that course in that school for 10 years.

14、By the end of next year the teaching building will have been completed. (15. 16. . 19.題)2）by the time作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。（1）如果說的是過去的事情，從句用過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí) By the time he was ten, he had already built himself a chemistry lab. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned advance mathematics all by himsel

15、f. （主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)已經(jīng)結(jié)束） （2）如果說的是將來的事情，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來完成時(shí) I shall have finished the work by the time you come back. By the time the course ends, we shall have learned a lot about British.（第20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 題）6）過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)是學(xué)生們?nèi)菀子缅e(cuò)的一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，我們提醒注意兩點(diǎn)：（1）截止到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某個(gè)動(dòng)作為止、已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 He said (that) he had marri

16、ed. (到“說”時(shí)，他已經(jīng)“結(jié)婚”了, 先“結(jié)婚”，后“說”。） She told me she had joined the party two years before. Before I came here, I had studied English for six years. （兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“had studied”先發(fā)生, “came”后發(fā)生） （2）有些動(dòng)詞表示意愿、打算、希望等意，用過去完成時(shí)表示這一動(dòng)作并未實(shí)現(xiàn),屬虛擬語氣。（見“虛擬語氣”第條） . 進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞有： （1）表示所屬、類似、構(gòu)成等關(guān)系的詞 belong to, consist of, dep

17、end on, equal, etc. （2）表示存在、狀態(tài)等持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 have, own, deserve, appear, lie (位于)，be (存在)，stand (位于), remain（保持某種狀態(tài)）, keep, seem, etc.(3) 表示知覺、感覺的一些感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, smell, feel, taste, etc. (4) 由心靈、頭腦發(fā)出的動(dòng)作think, forget, imagine, hope, want, etc.2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)在過去時(shí)的句子里，當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都是瞬間動(dòng)詞都用過去時(shí)，如果一個(gè)是延續(xù)

18、性動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 While I was walking along the street, I met him. When they left London, it was raining. He broke his leg, when he was playing in a football match.（第32. 33. 34.題）如果都是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，都可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。While I was working, he was sleeping. 3.掌握以下句型 doing Sb. was/ were going to do when sb. (else) did about

19、 某人正在（要）做某事突然* “when”句子總放在后面，“when” 表達(dá)suddenly, at that time, and then之意 。 I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. Tom was sitting near the fire when he heard a knock on the door. I was going to lock the door when the phone rang.（第. 題）.時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，其賓語從句就該用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。主、從句的時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng)。Michae

20、l left for California this morning.Oh, I thought he wasnt going until next week.Im surprised to learn that youre going back to Chicago.Yes, Id hoped that I wouldnt have to go back again, but I do.*如果賓語從句說的是真理性的事件，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)The teacher told me that light travels faster than sound.Copernicus maintained that

21、 the earth moves round the sun. 過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生了一件事，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在無任何影響。完成時(shí)中的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 I had breakfast. 吃過早飯，但這一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在無任何影響，很可能現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)餓了。 I have had breakfast. 吃過早飯，而且這一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響，即：現(xiàn)在不餓。 Would you please have supper with us?No, I _ it, but thank you all the same.A) had B) have had C) have to have D) am

22、to have選B)符合語言環(huán)境。吃過了，而且不餓。 I bought a bicycle. 我買過一輛車。（但現(xiàn)在車已沒有了。） I have bought a bicycle. 我買過一輛車。（現(xiàn)在車還在。）. 完成時(shí)與完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。 I have finished six letters. 已經(jīng)寫了六封信。 I have been writing letters for a whole morning. 一上午一直在寫信。 I have waited for you for fifty minutes. I have been wai

23、ting for you.二國家四級(jí)考試試題1. If it _ too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea. .) A) isnt B) wasnt C) werent D) hadnt been2. If she doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _. .) A) does B) has done C) will do D) would do3. Once environmental damage _, it takes many years fo

24、r the system to recover. .) A) has done B) is to do C) does D) is done4. If you smoke in a nonsmoking section, people _. .) A) will object B) objected C) must object D) have objected5. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper comp

25、letely. .) A) replaced B) have replaced C) replace D) will replace6. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ to the nation. .) A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left7. You see the lightening _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later. .) A) the instant

26、B) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant8. We hadnt met for 20 years, but I recognized her _ I saw her. .) A) for the moment B) the moment when C) at the moment when D) the moment9. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. .) A) For now B) Ever since C) Now

27、 that D) By now10. _ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better. .) A) For B) Now C) Since D) Despite11. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _ the guards discovered what had happened. .) A) before B) since C) until D) when12. Ever since the fam

28、ily moved to the suburbs last year, they _ better health. .) A) could have enjoyed B) had enjoyed C) have been enjoying D) are enjoying13. Ever since Picassos paintings went on exhibit, there _ large crowds at the museum every day. .) A) have been B) has been C) is D) are being14. “May I speak to yo

29、ur manager Mr. Williams at five oclock tonight”“Im sorry. Mr. Williams _ to a conference long before then”. .) A) had gone B) would have gone C) has gone D) will have gone.15. By the end of April Peter _ here for three months. .) A) will have stayed B) will stay C) stays D) has stayed16. By the end

30、of the year all but two people _. .) A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have left17. By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. .) A) have found B) will have found C) will be finding D) are finding18. Its reported that by the end of this month th

31、e output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%. .) A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising19. Pick me up at 8 oclock. I _ my bath by then. .) A) may have B) will be having C) can have had D) will have had20. By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, I _ for Shanghai. .)

32、 A) shall have left B) am leaving C) will leave D) have already left21. The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. .)A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted22. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we _ here for two days. .) A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shal

33、l stay D) will have stayed23. My train arrives in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _ by then. .)A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left24. By the time you get to New York, I _ for London. .) A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already

34、 left D) shall have left25. I suppose that when I come back in ten years time all those old houses _ down. .) A) will have been pulled B) will have pulled C) will be pulling D) will be pulled26. He came back late, _ which time all the guests had already left. .) A) after B) by C) at D) during27. Unt

35、il then, his family _ from him for six months. .) A) didnt hear B) hasnt been hearing C) hasnt heard D) hadnt heard28. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. .) A) just have had B) just had C) have just had D) had just had29. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _ necessar

36、y for all planes to land for refueling. .) A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been30. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _ from the sort of candles used only in churches. .) A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came31. After search

37、ing for half an hour, she realized that her glasses _ on the table all the time. .) A) were lain B) had been lain C) have been lying D) had been lying32. We _ to start our own business, but we never had enough money. .) A) have hoped B) would hope C) had hoped D) should hope33. He _ when the bus cam

38、e to a sudden stop.)A) was almost hurt B) was hurt himself C) was to hurt himself D) was hurting himself34. Bobs leg got hurt _ the Purple Mountains. .) A) while he is climbing up B) while we were climbing up C) while we climbed up D) while he climbed up35. I decided to go to the library as soon as

39、I _. .) A) finish what I did B) finished what I did C) Would finish what I was doing D) finished what I was doing36. I was half way back to the cottage where my mother lived _ Susan caught up with me. .) A) when B) while C) until D) though 37. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _ s

40、omething occurred which attracted my attention. .) A) unless B) until C) when D) while38. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy, balanced families. .)A) are often seeing B) often see C) will often see D) have often seen 39. The fifth generation computers, w

41、ith artificial intelligence, _ and perfected now. .) A) developed B) have developed C) are being developed D) will have been developed40. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. .) A) are to challenge B) may be challenged C) have b

42、een challenged D) are challenging41. I bought a new house last year, but I _ my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses. .) A) did not sell B) have not sold C) had not sold D) do not sell42. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right. .

43、) A) had leaked B) is leaking C) leaked D) has been leaking43. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long. .) A) has been reading B) had read C) is reading D) read44. The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _. .) A) are producing

44、 B) are produced C) produced D) being produced 45. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. .) A) allow B) allows C) allowing D) have allowed46. Im awfully sorry, but I had no alternative

45、. I simply _ what I did. .) A) ought to have done B) have to do C) had to do D) must do47. The Browns _ here, but not any more. .) A) were used to living B) had lived C) used to live D) had been living48. dont swim now, but I _ when I was a kid. .) A) used to it B) used to doing it C) used to D) use

46、d to do 三時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí) dont think he will be upset, but Ill see him in case _. A) he would B) he is C) he was D) he will2. Were going to Florida as soon as _ our final exam. A) were finishing taking B) we finish to take C) we finish taking D) well finish taking3. Unless economic conditions _ next year, there

47、 will be wildspread unrest in the United States. A) will be improved B) to be proved C) improve D) improves4. The child is to do his homework the moment he _ back from school. A) will arrive B) arrives C) arrived D) arrive5. Although I havent seen him for 10 years, I recognized him _ I saw him. A) t

48、he moment B) the moment when C) at the moment when D) for the moment6. Ill lend you my cassette recorder _ you want it. A) every time B) the moment C) until D) lest7. Whenever I _ these days, I always carry my raincoat. A) shall go out B) would go out C) will have gone out D) go out8. However you _,

49、 itll take you at least two days. A) travel B) will travel C) traveled D) travelling9. No matter what you _, I wont believe you. A) will say B) say C) said D) have said10. No matter how hard you _, youll never lose your English accent. A) will try B) tried C) try D) have tried11. She will be probabl

50、y on the same plane as _ the day after tomorrow. A) I will B) I will be C) shall D) I am12. I cant tell you if it _ tomorrow. A) will rain B) rains C) shall rain D) would rain13. When _ again When he _, Ill let you know. A) he comes; comes B) will he come; will come C) he comes; will come D) will he come; comes14. You will feel much better after you _ for a while. A) will rest B) rested C) have rested D) are to rest15. How long _ before we see you again? A) is it B) has it been C) it will be D) will it be16. How many more d