被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)答案

1、The Passi ve Voi ce被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化1) am/is/are +done ( 過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2) has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3) am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)4) was/were done 一般過去時(shí)5) had been done 過去完成時(shí)6) was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)7) shall/will be done 一般將來時(shí)8) should/would be done 過去將來時(shí)2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)

2、動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。例 Someonecaught the b

3、oy smoking a cigarette. 可改為 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4) 在使役動(dòng)詞have, make,let 以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch,notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式 to 要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to 。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“

4、動(dòng)詞介詞”， “動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)ving 形式及不定式to do 也有被動(dòng)語 態(tài)。例 I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者( 這時(shí)可省by 短語 )。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例 I was giv

5、en ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 為了更好地安排句子。例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個(gè)主語就夠了）三、 It is said that+ 從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It +be+過去分詞+ that從句”或“主語+ be+

6、過去分詞+to do sth. ”。有：It is said that 據(jù)說, It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，Itis believed that 大家相信,It is hoped that 大家希望，It is well known that 眾所周 It isthought that 大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。四、謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1. 英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如break ， catch ， clean ， drive ， lock ， open，sell , read, write , wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語 特

7、征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義, 主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意： 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door won't lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door won't be locked （指不會(huì)有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語，如： happen, last, take place, break out, come out, comeabout, come true, run out, give out,

8、turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何印出來的呢？3. 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的系動(dòng)詞feel,sound, taste, look, feel 等在主 系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 Your reason sounds reasonable.五、 非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1 在need， want， require, bear 等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例 The ho

9、use needs repairing ( to be repaired ) 這房子需要修理。2 形容詞 worth 后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy 后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading . (= The picture-book is very worthy to be read )3 . 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。有 nice ， easy， fit ， hard ， dif

10、ficult ， important ， impossible ， pleasant ， interesting 等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out 省略了 forme) .4 .在too- - to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.被動(dòng)語態(tài)練習(xí)及答案1 、 ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found

11、 B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is m

12、ade( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2 、( ) 1 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that 'm sorry. _.A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold( ) 3 A new ho

13、use _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. needB. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_

14、 next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been written C. has notwritten D. has not been writte

15、n( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Doe

16、s B. Has C. Is D . Are( ) 3 _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting heldC. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held( ) 2 Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by(

17、 ) 3 Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am6( ) 1 The flowers _ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bikehere by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be

18、mend D. can be mended7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt ( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ nex

19、t week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used;

20、 to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung9( ) 1 The rive

21、r smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 2 The teapot _ water.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A. speak to B. spoke

22、n C. speak D. spoken to( ) 4 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well 10( ) 1 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( ) 2 They were_ at the sudden noise.A.

23、frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 3 These walls _ stone.A. are made of B. made of. C. are made into D. made into11( ) 1 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 2 The papers _ to them.shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( )

24、3 The coat_her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to12( ) 1 I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 2 Good caresuch . should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D.should be taken of( ) 3 She willg

25、ood care.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you13( ) 1 The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 3 These childrendance.A. were s

26、een to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to14( ) 1 These stones_well.A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted( ) 2 The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( ) 3 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A. was' had B. was held C. held D. had15( ) 1 Great chang

27、es_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it.A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down( ) 3 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years.A. have happened B. happened C.

28、have been happened D. were happened( ) 4 The watch has often _ down.A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell16( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one_.A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( ) 2 The story books_ by the writer in the . are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing( ) 3 What time _ the door _ every day?A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close17( ) 1 Can he_ himself?A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead o