unit3表語從句

1、Learning about Language名詞性從句：賓語從句和表語從句名詞性從句：賓語從句和表語從句Unit 3用that/whether/what/how/why填空，并指出引導(dǎo)何種從句，以及在句中作的成分。It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know _ he should do.()May we ask what youre doing in this country and _ your plans are？()I cant say _ I have any

2、plans.()I didnt know _ I could survive until morning.()The fact is _ I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.()Im afraid _I dont quite follow you, sir.()Thats _ weve given you the letter.()Why dont you explain _ this happened？()答案：what賓語從句；作賓語what賓語從句；作表語th

3、at賓語從句；不作成分whether賓語從句；不作成分that表語從句；不作成分that賓語從句；不作成分why表語從句；作原因狀語how賓語從句；作狀語一、基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)撥(一)名詞性從句1定義：在主從復(fù)合句中，相當(dāng)于名詞的從句稱之為名詞性從句。名詞性從句在句中的功能相當(dāng)于名詞。它包含主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句及同位語從句。2名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞及其在句中的功能。分類關(guān)聯(lián)詞意義功能連接詞that無意義不充當(dāng)成分whether/if是否不充當(dāng)成分關(guān)系代詞who(ever)(無論)誰主語，賓語，表語whose誰的定語what(ever)(無論)什么主語，賓語，表語，定語which(ever)(無論)哪一

4、個(gè)主語，賓語，定語關(guān)系副詞when(ever)(無論)何時(shí)時(shí)間狀語where(ver)(無論)哪里地點(diǎn)狀語why為什么原因狀語how(ever)(無論)如何/怎么方式狀語(二)賓語從句1定義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。它可以作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可以作非謂語動(dòng)詞、某些介詞等的賓語。I dont know where they have gone to spend their holidays.我不知道他們?nèi)ツ睦锒燃倭恕?由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去。We have decided(that) we wou

5、ld go there by bus.我們已決定乘公共汽車去那里。3whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。whether/if在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，但是有“是否”之意，從句要用陳述語序。I dont know whether/if he is ill.我不知道他是否病了。名師點(diǎn)撥whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句在作ask，care，find out，know，wonder等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，帶有疑問意義。此時(shí)whether與if可互換。4連接代詞及連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞及連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，連接詞都在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的成分。I dont know what I shoul

6、d do next.(what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語)我不知道下一步做什么。I wonder who will play in the basketball match.(who引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作主語)我不知道這場(chǎng)籃球賽誰會(huì)上場(chǎng)。Ask him which he wants，the big one or the small one.(which引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語)問問他想要哪一個(gè)，大的還是小的。You can choose whatever you like.(whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語)你可以選擇任何你喜歡的。I dont know where

7、 we should start.(where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語)我不知道我們應(yīng)該從什么地方開始。It is easy to understand why he was angry.(why引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作原因狀語)很容易理解他發(fā)怒的原因。I dont know how it happened.(how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作方式狀語)我不知道這事怎么發(fā)生的。名師點(diǎn)撥whever與no matter wh易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥(1)whatever/whoever/whichever等既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(2)no matter what/no matt

8、er who/no matter which等只用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(3)兩種形式在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)可互換。Whatever you want to do(No matter what you want to do)，your parents will always support you.(whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，并在從句中作賓語)不管你想做什么，你的父母將永遠(yuǎn)支持你。(三)表語從句1定義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語的從句，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。表語從句放在系動(dòng)詞之后，即主語系動(dòng)詞表語。This is where I dont agree with you.(where引導(dǎo)表語從句

9、，where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語)這就是我不同意你的地方。That is why he was late for class again.(why引導(dǎo)表語從句，why在從句中作原因狀語)那就是他又一次上課遲到的原因。My question is where we will travel and how we will get there.(where引導(dǎo)表語從句，where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語；how引導(dǎo)表語從句，how在從句中作方式狀語)我的問題是我們將去哪里旅行并且我們將如何到達(dá)那里。 2連接詞that引導(dǎo)表語從句，不充當(dāng)成分，無意義，但是不能省略。My advice is that we s

10、hould get there by train.(that引導(dǎo)表語從句，不充當(dāng)成分，無意義)我建議我們乘火車到那兒。3whether引導(dǎo)表語從句，不充當(dāng)成分，意為“是否”。此時(shí)一般不能與if互換。The question is whether you can do the work well.(whether引導(dǎo)表語從句)問題是你能否做好這項(xiàng)工作。二、難點(diǎn)突破(一)賓語從句1that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)需要注意的問題。(1)從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。They told us(that) there would be a meeting that afternoon and th

11、at we all should attend the meeting.(第一個(gè)that可省，但第二個(gè)that不可省)他們告訴我們那天下午會(huì)有一個(gè)會(huì)議，并且我們都應(yīng)該參加這個(gè)會(huì)議。 (2)在demand，order，suggest，insist，propose，advise，desire等表示要求、命令、建議、堅(jiān)持等意義的動(dòng)詞后，that賓語從句中謂語常用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，表示虛擬。The policeman demanded that the gate should be shut.警察命令把大門關(guān)上。巧學(xué)助記口訣巧記后面常用虛擬形式的動(dòng)詞一堅(jiān)持：insist二命令：order，

12、command三建議：suggest，propose，advise四要求：desire，demand，require，request(3)動(dòng)詞it形容詞或慣用搭配that從句，it為形式賓語，that從句為真正的賓語。I think it a pity that you could not come.(it為形式賓語，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的賓語) 你不能來，我深深惋惜。(4)動(dòng)詞doubt用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，接that從句作賓語。We dont doubt that he can do a good job of it.(doubt用于否定句)我們不懷疑(相信)他能把這件事做得很好。

13、(5)主句為第一人稱，主句謂語為think，believe，imagine，suppose和expect等動(dòng)詞，其引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?，即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。I didnt think that he understood your question.(形式上否定主句謂語think，實(shí)際是否定賓語從句中的謂語understood)我想他沒有弄懂你的問題。2whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)需要注意的問題。(1)作介詞賓語時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back

14、 home.(作介詞的賓語)我是否回家，還沒有定。(2)whether與or或or not連用時(shí)，不可用if替換。She doesnt know whether she should get married now or wait.(whether.or.)她不知道是現(xiàn)在就結(jié)婚還是等等再說。(3)動(dòng)詞doubt用于肯定句式，其賓語從句用whether引導(dǎo)。I doubt very much whether he is coming.(doubt用于肯定句)我很懷疑他是否來。(二)特殊的表語從句1as，as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于系動(dòng)詞seem，appear，look，taste

15、，sound，feel等之后。It looks as_if a storm would come soon.(as if引導(dǎo)表語從句)暴風(fēng)雨好像快要來啦。2句子主語為the reason時(shí)，表語從句通常用that引導(dǎo)，即構(gòu)成句型：The reason why.is that.；The reason for.is that.意為“的原因是”。The reason why he asked for two days leave is that he had to take care of his sick son.他請(qǐng)了兩天假的原因是他要照顧他生病的兒子。3because可引導(dǎo)表語從句，常用于結(jié)構(gòu)

16、：This/That is because.意為“這/那是因?yàn)椤?。Thats because I was too busy then.(強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)那是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)我太忙。易混辨析Thats why we didnt attend that meeting.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)那就是我們沒有參加會(huì)議的原因。Thats because.意為“那是因?yàn)椤?，?qiáng)調(diào)原因Thats why.意為“那是的原因”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果4主語為advice，suggestion，proposal，demand，desire，requirement，request，order，command等表示建議、要求、命令等意義的名詞時(shí)，表語從句的

17、謂語要用“shoulddo”，其中should可省，表示虛擬。His request is that they should stay here for the night.他請(qǐng)求他們?cè)谶@兒逗留一晚。名師點(diǎn)撥(1)從句語序要用陳述語序。(2)主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致(若為客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài))。They wanted to know where they could find this kind of plants.他們想知道到哪里能夠找到這種植物。Last night，Dad tried his best to explain to his little c

18、hild how the earth moves around in space.(從句表達(dá)的為客觀事實(shí))昨晚，爸爸盡力向他的小孩解釋地球在太空中是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。課堂達(dá)標(biāo)驗(yàn)收課堂達(dá)標(biāo)驗(yàn)收.語法填空1What do you think of China?How different it is today from _ it used to be!答案：what后句句意：中國與她過去相比變化真大??！what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作表語，不可用that。2.(2015山東，33改編)I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.答案：that考查賓語從句的連接詞

19、。句意：我相信美來自內(nèi)心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，賓語從句中不缺成分，應(yīng)填只起連接作用的that。3(2015重慶，8改編) We must find out _ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案：when考查賓語從句的連接詞。句意：我們必須查明卡爾何時(shí)會(huì)來，這樣我們就能為他預(yù)定房間了。由句意可知，填when。4(2015安徽，25改編)A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for.答案：what考查表語從句的連接詞。句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本

20、意。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句中介詞for后缺少賓語，所以填what。5(2015四川，8改編)The exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution.答案：why考查賓語從句的連接詞。句意：這次展覽告訴我們?yōu)槭裁次覀儜?yīng)該采取措施來阻止空氣污染。由句意可知，填why。6A modern factory has been built up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.答案：what考查賓語從句。句意：一座現(xiàn)代化的工廠建在了十年前是垃圾場(chǎng)的地方。分析從句可知，從句缺少主語和引

21、導(dǎo)詞，故用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。7See the flags on the top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.答案：whatwhat引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作did的賓語。后句句意：那就是今天上午我們做的事情。8People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.答案：what句意：重慶人民非常驕傲他們十年來取得的成就。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，同時(shí)充當(dāng)achieve的賓語。9When asked _ they needed mos

22、t, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.答案：what句意：當(dāng)被問到他們最需要什么時(shí)，孩子們說他們想讓別人覺得他們是重要的，希望被愛。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且what在從句中作needed的賓語。10Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _it is.答案：who考查賓語從句語序。賓語從句語序須用陳述語序；用it指代不明性別的人。11The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.答

23、案：when由the last time可知是表示時(shí)間，故用when引導(dǎo)表語從句。12I couldnt understand _was the matter with me.答案：what考查賓語從句語序。句意：我也不明白我到底怎么啦。what在從句中作主語。13The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.答案：what該句中they hope是插入語，故“_ they hope will be the best

24、 means of transport in the 21st century”實(shí)際上是create的賓語，且缺少賓語從句的連接詞，并且該連接詞要指物且在從句中作主語，what可以起到該作用。14One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.答案：that考查表語從句中的連詞。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句不作任何語法成分且不可以省略。15Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his

25、own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.答案：that考查表語從句中的連接詞。句意：狄更斯喜歡他自己的小說大衛(wèi)科波菲爾的部分原因是小說的創(chuàng)作非常貼近他本人的真實(shí)生活。從句不缺成分，因此用that來引導(dǎo)。.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1Soon we arrived at the place we called the Fairy Island.Soon we arrived at _ the Fairy Island.2It is believed that this medicine will cure his disease.People believe _.3Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.We havent decided _.4The question whether it was worth trying had been discussed at the meeting.The question discussed at the meeting _.5It is