2019屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)(通用版)練習(xí)：第2板塊題型3閱讀理解第1講細節(jié)理解題

1、題型三閱讀理解細節(jié)理解題在高考英語閱讀理解試題中所 占比例最大，但這部分題目相對來說比較簡單, 只要通過題干或題肢的 關(guān)鍵詞，在文中找到題目的 信息區(qū)間，仔細比對，就能得出答案，因 此對這類題目要做到讀得快、答得準(zhǔn)，力爭不丟分，保住基本分才能得高分。明瞞高書動向備考不走彎略看原文與題目如何對應(yīng)析選項有哪些特征（2019 全國卷I閱讀 A 節(jié)選）Jane Addams （1860-1935）Anyone who has ever been helped by a socialworker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helpedthe poor and wo

2、rked for peace. She encouraged asense of community（社區(qū)） by creating shelters andpromoting education and services for people inneed. In 1931, Addams became the first Americanwoman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.21. What is Ja ne Addams no ted for in history?A . Her social work.B . Her teaching skills.C.

3、Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.A.Her social work.原文中 a social worker ”和 選項中 social work 意思相近，故 A 項正確，選項特征為 同 義替換。B.Her teachi ng skills.文中提至 U promoting education 而并未提及 herteachi ng skills ”，故 B 項錯誤，選項特征 為無中生有。C.Her efforts to win a prize.她并非為了獲獎而付出努力，故C 項錯誤，選項特征為曲解文意。D.Her co

4、mmunity background.文中未提及“她的社區(qū)背景”，故 D 項錯誤， 選項特征為無中生有。（2019 全國卷I閱讀 A 節(jié)選）When Sandra Day OCo nnor fini shed third inher class at Stanford Law School, inA.Her lack of proper training in law.由文中 “nished third in her class at Stanford Law細節(jié)理解題對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書 P42School”可知，她在法學(xué)院接受過教育，故A 項錯誤，選項特征為曲解文意。B.Her little wo

5、rk experience in court.文中并未提及她在法庭的工作經(jīng)驗，故 B 項錯誤，選項特征為無中生有。C . The discrim in atio n aga inst wome n.由文中 she could not find .a woman可知 C 項正確。因為是女性所以找不到工作，也就是性別歧視。 選項特征為語言簡化。D . The poor finan cial con diti ons.文中并未提及她的經(jīng)濟狀況，故D 項錯誤，選項特征為無中生有。知正確選項如何命制明干擾選項如何隱藏細節(jié)理解題正確選項特征1. 冋義替換。指對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進行同義替換。如把 lose

6、 ones job 換成了 be out ofwork。有些細節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變 換一下詞性，如把 important 改成 of importance ;改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，如主動 語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。2. 語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進行 簡化，設(shè)置為答案。3. 正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達而 成為正確選項。細節(jié)理解題干擾選項特征1 .張冠李戴。 是原文信息， 但不是題目要求 的內(nèi)容。2. 無中生有。符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。3.曲解文意。與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是 在某個細節(jié)處有些變動。4. 顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至 完全相反。5. 正誤參半。部分正確

7、，部分錯誤。題目您盤越掌握方法技巧、解題事半功倍兩步輕松搞定閱讀理解細節(jié)題1952, she could not find work at a law firmbecause she was a woma n. She became anArizona state senator（參議員）and, in 1981,the first woman to join the U. S. SupremeCourt. OConnor gave the deciding vote inmany important cases duri ng her 24 years onthe top court.22.

8、 What was the reason for OConnorsbeing rejected by the law firm?A . Her lack of proper training in law. B . Herlittle work experienee in court.C.The discrim in atio n aga inst wome n.D.The poor financial conditions.解題模板第一步：審讀題干抓巷鍵工定位信息邑回! 1.抓聽干關(guān)犍詞首先要關(guān)注的經(jīng)比較離目的F有岔詞| 如大寫的人名、地名毋，也可以是捷他比較容易定位 _ 原寶的單詞或短語。

9、確定關(guān)鍵詞時，翌注意該詞在掠文i屮的唯一性.這樣有助于快述定位原文的信息區(qū)阿-I.根拯題F中的關(guān)縫詞， 結(jié)合命題的順序原則（題目的頃：序與文章的順序丸體一ft）冋到原丈找兪J的信息 X 間第二步：選項與原文逐一比對，確定正確選項” ! J把乩Ik C. D四個選項的內(nèi)容與原文信息進行謖一比對.i仔細甄別，排除干擾選項*最終確泄正確答案.、 P解題樣板典例（2019 全國卷n閱讀 D 節(jié)選）Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstanding undoubtedly first- rate photo-journalism if theyhad been mad

10、e last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrousshipwreck（海難） ,by a camerama n who had no reason able expectati on of survival. Many of the imageswere stored in an ice chest, un der freez ing water, i n the damaged woode n ship.13. What do we know about th

11、e photos taken by Hurley?A . They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were found by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.第一步：審讀題干抓關(guān)鍵，定位信息區(qū)間根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞的醒目性和唯一性原則，可以確定本題的關(guān)鍵詞為Hurley 和 photos。從而定位本題的信息區(qū)間為第二段。第二步：選項與原文逐一比對，確定正確選項A . They were_made last week.曲解文意原文信息： Hurle

12、ys pictures would be outsta nding . if they had bee n made last week.正誤分析：文中使用了虛擬語氣，“如果是在上周拍攝的，也會很出色”是對事實相反的假設(shè)B . They showed undersea_sceneries無中生有原文信息： were stored . un der freez ing water正誤分析：文中說照片封存在海底而沒有說照片拍攝的是海底景觀。C.They were found by a cameraman.張冠李戴原文信息： they were shot . by a camerama n正誤分析：

13、 文中說攝影師拍攝的而并非發(fā)現(xiàn)的。D. They同義替換recorded a disastrous adventure.（正確詵項）原文信息： they were shot . after a disastrous shipwreck （海難）.正誤分析：文中說在一次海難后拍的，也就是題干所說的記錄的是一次災(zāi)難性探險。課堂鞏固訓(xùn)練A（2019 河北衡水中學(xué)高三一調(diào)）International Studies （BA 文學(xué)士）Key featuresRecognizes the “ globaCommunity ”Has close connections with practical rese

14、archMuch of the teach ing is done in small discussi on groupsAbout the courseThe course focuses on the complex relations between nation states. It will provide more opport un ityto study specific issues such as relati on ship among coun tries in the Europea n Union, third world debt,local and intern

15、ational disagreement, and the work of international bodies such as the Un ited Natio ns,the European Un io n, NATO, and the World Bank.The course applies theories to the working of the international system with close attention toparticular countries. It provides students with a better knowledge of w

16、ays to solve international problems.Related coursesBA （Hons） Com mun ity Man ageme ntBA （Ho ns） Public Policy and Ma nageme ntEmployment possibilitiesIntern ati onal orga ni zatio nsIntern ati onal bus in essEarth Science （BSc 理學(xué)士 ）Key featuresBased on key courses and the latest research findingsPay

17、s much atte nti on to practical skillsOffers cha nces for fieldworkAbout the courseThe demand and competition for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem forthe future of mankind. Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand, andin how these nat

18、ural resources will be used.The course covers geography and geology ( 地質(zhì)學(xué) ). You will carry out fieldwork in the UK andpossibly abroad, and in your final year complete a research project in an area of interest to you.Related coursesBSc (Hons) GeographyBSc (Hons) GeologyEmployment possibilitiesMinera

19、l, oil, water or other related engineering industries語篇解讀 ：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了兩種學(xué)位課程的相關(guān)信息。1 International Studies is a course in _ .Ainternational politicsB international businessC international bodiesD international relations解析 ： 選 D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “The course focuses on the complex relations between nationst

20、ates”可知，International Studies 課程的內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于國際關(guān)系的。故選D。2 After taking the course of International Studies, the students will _ .A become practical and open-mindedB have a greater ability to discuss theoriesC know ways to settle problems between countriesD have good jobs in any international organization解

21、析：選 C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “It provides students with a better knowledge of ways to solveinternational problems. ”可知，學(xué)完 International Studies 這門課程后，學(xué)生可以學(xué)會解決國際問 題的方法。故選 C。3 Earth Science, as described in the second text,_.Ais attractive because of the chance for fieldworkB pays more attention to theories than pr

22、actical skillsCis built on important courses and the results of recent studiesD encourages students to play a role in using natural resources解析：選 C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Based on key courses and the latest research findings可知，Earth Science 課程建立在重要的課程和近期的研究成果之上。故選C。4.The above two texts are most probably written

23、for the students who_.A.are first year college studentsB.have not yet chosen their courseC.want to study in the UKD.are interested in practical study abroad解析：選 B 推理判斷題。縱觀全文可知，文章除了介紹兩種課程的特點之外，還介紹了課程概述以及具體科目；由此可推知，本文應(yīng)該是為了給還沒有做出具體選擇的學(xué)生提供參考。故選 B。B（2019 福建省普通高中畢業(yè)班單科質(zhì)量檢查）This summer I volun teered at the

24、 China Con servati on and Research Cen ter for the Gia nt Pandain Sichuan and had a once in a lifetime chance to get within three feet. Born and raised in America, veryrarely had I ever see n a pan da. I had expected this mome nt ever since my mother told me that we wouldbe volunteering at the Cente

25、r.When my cous in and I arrived at the Cen ter and received our uni forms and gloves, anynervousness I had felt during the car ride quickly faded and changed into excitement. Our first task was toclea n up the pan das cage. Although it was a bori ng job, it was in terest ing to be in the pan das liv

26、 ingarea and see how big the ani mals really are. Pan das actually fear heat, so the Cen ter provides each animal with an ice block to keep it comfortable.When it was time to feed the pan das, the keeper gave us five pieces of food each, which consistedof bamboo, carrots, or bread to feed to a one-y

27、ear-old male. Never having dreamed of being so close to apan da, I was delighted by the action and after liste ning to it munch （ 用力嚼）on the food, hurriedlyoffered a piece more.Next, we watched a video on Chi nas goal to help gia nt pan das back into the wild. It expla ined Chinas efforts to raise t

28、hem to in crease the populati on, and detailed measures take n to train the pan das toen ter their n ature reserve once aga in.The workers had to spend lots of time teaching the animals how to live in nature and guara ntee ingtheir safety at all times. I am grateful to have bee n able to volun teer

29、for a day and will treasure the experience for the rest of my life.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者志愿到中國四川的大熊貓保護研究中心近距離為大熊貓服務(wù)的一次經(jīng)歷。5.How did the writer feel on the way to the Center?A . Excited.B . Nervous.C. Bored.D. Calm.解析：選 B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段When my cousin and I arrived . into excitement. ”可知，在去中國大熊貓保護研究中心的路上作者

30、感到緊張。故選B。6.Which of the following is delightful to the writer?A . Weari ng uni forms. B . Clea ning the cages.C. Feed ing the pan da. D. Watch ing the video.解析：選 C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Never having dreamed of being . offered a piecemore.”可知，喂大熊貓是使作者感到高興的事情。故選C。7.Why does the Center raise the giant pandas?A .

31、To attract more volunteers.B. To keep them comfortable.C . To help them back to n ature.D . To gain more experie nee.解析：選 C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段 Next, we watched a video on Chinas goal to help giantpandas back into the wild.可知，保護中心飼養(yǎng)大熊貓是為了幫助它們回到野外。故選C。C（2019 太原市高三模擬考試）We have got a lot of things from our fam

32、ilies. Maybe we have ourfathers eyes or our grandmothers hair color. But there are other features of our personalities such asbehaviors and viewpoints that we pick up by modeling our parents. Researchers at the university ofMichigan believe there may be a specific viewpoint that we can thank our par

33、ents for the way we viewwork. The researchers referred to previous studies that ide ntified three main ways of viewi ng work.First, there are job- oriented people, who tend to see their job as simply a way to make money.They look forward to clocking out （打卡下班） every day and pursuing fun activities o

34、utside the office. If youhave a job-oriented father, you may view work this way. However, if you grow up close to your mother, youprobably will not hold this viewpoint.Second, there are career-oriented people who see their job as a place to find achievement and gaina sense of identity. These are the

35、 people who dont mind working overtime. In fact, some people love theirjobs so much that they become workaholics. They are more comfortable in the office than at home.According to the study, being close to a career-oriented father while growing up means there is a goodchance you will share his viewp

36、oint. Strangely, having a mother with this viewpoint seems to have littleinfluence.Third, there are calling- oriented people who view their job as a way to make a positive impact uponthe world. They are more concerned with improving the world around them than earning a large salary. Inthe study, tho

37、se who expressed a strong calling orientation came from homes where both parents werecalling- oriented. This suggests that teenagers need the support of both parents in order to have theconfidence to put personal ideals first and career success second.語篇解讀 ： 本文是一篇議論文，主要談?wù)摰氖俏覀兯@得的個性特征，例如行為和觀點 等，許多都源自

38、我們的家庭，父母起了很大的榜樣作用。8Which can best describe job-oriented people?A They are eager to go to work every day.B They seldom have fun doing after- work activities.C They dont spend time talking to their children.D They view their job as only a way to earn money.解析 ： 選 D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段 “ First, there are job- oriented people, who tend to seetheir job as simply a way to make money. ”可知， 以工作為目的的人只是把工作看成一種掙錢的 方式。