高中英語必修一學案U4人教新課標

1、.寫出下列必考單詞1.軌道，足跡，痕跡 n. _2.蒸氣 v. _3.災難，災禍n. _4.援救，營救n.v. _5.廢墟，（使)破壞，毀滅n.,vt.& vi. _6.地震 n. _7.管,導管n. _8.要點,大綱,輪廓n. _9.報刊的大字標題n. _10.掩蔽,掩蔽處,避身處n. _11.（使)震驚,震動 ,休克；打擊,震驚 n.v. _12.運河，水道n. _.寫出下列單詞的變化形式1.破壞，毀壞，消滅v._破壞，毀壞n._破壞性的,毀滅性的adj._2.榮譽，尊敬n.v._可敬的,值得欽佩的adj._3.損害，傷害v._損害，傷害n._ 受傷的adj._.4.有氣味v._氣味,味道

2、n._發(fā)臭的，有臭味的adj._5.祝賀,恭賀v._恭賀,恭喜n._6.損失,損害n._賠償金n._受損的adj._7.利用,用途n.&v._用法n._有用的adj._無用的，無效的adj._活學活用用所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.He was _ to learn his wife was killed in a traffic accident. The news was a terrible _ to him. （shock) 2.Wood is _ for building houses, while coal can be _ to keep warm. （useless)3.I ha

3、ve the _ to introduce Mr.Jones, who is from an _ family. （honour)4.She is highly intelligent but her work lacks _.She is not a very _ woman. （organize)5.In the crash he was seriously _.He suffered severe _ to the head and arms. （injure)6.His car _ in the accident and so he got some _ from the insura

4、nce company. （damage)7.I am well _ for the coming exam as I have done a lot of _.（prepare)8.The _ of the railway was a big loss in the storm. which was the most _ in 30 years. （destroy).翻譯下列必背短語1.許多，大量的 _2.對感到震驚 _3.結束，終結 _4.被圍困 _5.以為自豪 _6.為籌集資金 _7.掘出，發(fā)現(xiàn) _8.分發(fā)，發(fā)出（氣味，熱等) _9.廢墟 _10.立刻，馬上 _11.成千上萬 _12.消

5、失了,不見了 _活學活用根據(jù)句后的解析，用適當?shù)亩陶Z完成下列句子。1.On her way home, Mary found her necklace_. （disappeared, missing)2.Just wait a few minutes. We，ll be back _.（at once)3.It seemed that the world was _ when he learned that all his savings were gone.（dead, finished）4.The earthquake left the whole city _.（destroyed or

6、 severely damaged)5.More than a dozen people _ of the ruins alive after the earthquake. （to remove sb. /sth. from somewhere by digging the ground) 6. She _the news that her husband was killed in his car in a traffic accident. （being worried or frightened caused by something unexpected and unpleasant

7、)核心單詞1. burstvt. & vi. (burst, bursting)爆炸；脹裂；突然而起；闖入；充滿；滿盈；n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)聯(lián)想拓展burst out 迸發(fā)；突然發(fā)作；突然起來burst open推開；忽然打開；裂開burst through沖開；沖破；撥開burst in upon打斷(談話等)；突然出現(xiàn)； 突然到達burst in/ into闖入；突然出現(xiàn)； 突然起來； 突然發(fā)作另外，burst into后接名詞時可表示不同的意義：burst into laughter突然大笑起來burst into tears突然大哭起來burst into cheers突然歡呼起來bu

8、rst out后接動名詞也表示同樣的意思burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起來高手過招單項填空Every time he thought of his past, he couldnt help bursting .(2010濟南一模)A. when; out tears B. that; into cryingC. which; into tears D. /; out crying2. eventn. 事件；大事；比賽項目The new book was the cultural event of the year.這本新書的出版是今年文化界的大事。Comin

9、g events cast their shadows before.未來之事先有征兆。The next event will be the 100-metre race.下一個比賽項目是100米賽跑。常用結構：at all events 無論怎樣in any event 無論如何in the event of 萬一；倘若In the event of rain, the game will be postponed.要是下雨，球賽就延期。易混辨析occurrence/event/incident/accidentoccurrence系常用詞, 指“任何發(fā)生的事件”。event 指“有重要意義

10、的歷史事件、重大事件”。incident指“事件”, 尤指“比較不重要的小事件”。accident指“意外事故”。高手過招單項填空The National Day and the International Labour Day aregreat in our country.(2010河南鎮(zhèn)平二輪)A. things B. incidents C. accidentsD. eventsHow many are going to be held in this Summer Olympic Games?(2010江蘇啟東一輪)A. accidents B. incidents C. event

11、s D. sports3. rescuen.&vt. 援救，營救常用結構：rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把從營救出來come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.警察來救他，把他從河里拉了出來。Michael rescued a boy from drowning.邁克爾把溺水的男孩救了起來。高手過招用rescue的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)）The mother, along with her two ch

12、ildren, from the sinking boat by a passing ship.The firemen five children from the burning house yesterday.4. judgen. 法官；鑒賞家；裁判vt.判斷；估計His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過去是一名法官。Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。聯(lián)想拓展judgment n.判斷，辨別力judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過判斷as far as I judge 我認為judging from.從

13、來看，根據(jù)判斷Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.從他所說的話來看，他是個誠實的人。高手過招(1)單項填空 the that he , the old man is a farmer.(2010山東日照檢測)A. Judging from; is wearingB. Judging by; is having onC. To judge by; puttingD. Judged by; is putting（2）用judge的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)） from his appearance, he must be a rich m

14、an.In her , he must be from the south.5. ruinvt. 毀壞；毀滅。既可指實際的東西，也可指抽象的東西。n.U毀壞；毀滅C（常用作復數(shù)）廢墟聯(lián)想拓展in ruins嚴重損壞；破敗不堪；落空bring come to ruin使某人失??；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)bring ruin upon oneself自取滅亡fall/go to ruin毀滅, 滅亡; 崩潰; 破壞掉ruin oneself毀掉自己易混辨析 destroy/ruin/damage/harmdestroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀，使之無法恢復，也可以表示對某物體進行完全的毀壞。ru

15、in一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊的結果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。damage 一般指對物體或生命的局部損傷，使整體的價值或作用降低或變得無價值、無作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結果，也可以指非暴力的長期損害的結果。harm 一般指傷害有生命的東西，常指傷及人的健康、權利、事業(yè)等。What he faced ruined his hope.他所面對的使他的希望破滅了。The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.整個城市在地震中被毀掉了。Laziness will ruin ones pr

16、ospects. 懶惰會使人自毀前程。We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii.我們想看一下龐貝城的廢墟。They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.他們設法修復了受到破壞的房子。高手過招單項填空I was by that law case. Im a man. (201011西安月考)A. ruined; ruined B. ruined; destroyingC. damaged; destroyed D. destroyed; damagingMany old te

17、mples ruins are now being rebuilt. （原創(chuàng)）A. on B. by C. with D. in解析：選A。句意為：我被那場官司搞得傾家蕩產(chǎn)，不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中，指損壞到了不能再使用的程度；damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全徹底地破壞，含有無法修復之意，也可用于借喻。第二個空應用過去分詞作定語，表被動和完成之意。解析：選D。in ruins為固定搭配，意為“處于頹廢狀態(tài)”。6. buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸于聯(lián)想拓展be buried alive 被活埋be buried under 為所壓倒；沉浸于,忙于bury (onesel

18、f) in 埋頭于；專心于；退居于(鄉(xiāng)間等)=be buried inbury ones head in the sand自欺欺人，逃避現(xiàn)實（來自鴕鳥的習性）The house was half buried under snow.7. right away立刻，馬上Ill return the book to you right away. 我會馬上還書給你。If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，我們將立即被征召服役。聯(lián)想拓展right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻，馬

19、上(1)解析：選D?？疾槎陶Z辨析。in no time意為“片刻之后”，而in a flash意為“片刻之間”。(2)I want it typed right away, please.8. think of認為；考慮聯(lián)想拓展think poorly of不放在眼里；輕視think twice 再三考慮think little/nothing of輕視；忽略think much/highly of重視；看重，評價高What do you think of .?認為怎么樣？think about考慮；回想；想起think of考慮；記憶，記起think sth. over仔細想；謹慎思考；作進

20、一步考慮think sth. out認真考慮；仔細盤算think sth. up想出，發(fā)明The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.政府非常重視他的發(fā)明，因為它將有益于全國人民。The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.那個愚蠢的老板根本就不重視我對那項工程的建議。He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays.

21、他正在考慮暑假旅游的事。I cant think of his name at the moment.我一時想不起他的名字。Please think over what I said. 請仔細考慮我說的話。He thought out a new idea. 他盤算出了一個新主意。高手過招單項填空How did you think such a clever way out of difficulty? （原創(chuàng)）A. over B. about C. up D. onCan you a way of solving the problem? （原創(chuàng)）A. discover B. invent

22、up C. think up D. invent9. at an end結束，終結（= finish）聯(lián)想拓展end n.&v. 結事，終結與end搭配的常用短語at the end of在末尾by the end of到末為止in the end最后，終于at a loose end無所事事；處于雜亂狀態(tài)make ends meet收支相抵The war was finally at an end.戰(zhàn)爭終于結束了。by the end of in the end at the end of10. instead of代替，而不是The Chinese use chopsticks inste

23、ad of knives and forks.中國人不用刀叉,用筷子。Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。易混辨析instead/instead of/in place of/take the place ofinstead 是副詞，單獨使用，用于句首或句末作狀語，意為“而是，相反”。instead of 是復合介詞，后接名詞、代詞、或動名詞，意為“代替、而不”。in place of 為介詞短語，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表示“以甲代乙”，而instead of則是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，還有對乙

24、否定的意思，有時意為“不”。take the place of (replace)作謂語，用在名詞、代詞前。高手過招單項填空I think we should buy a new curtain this one.Yes. It looks a bit ugly .(2010江西贛州一輪)A. to replace; as it isB. to in place of; nowC. to take the place of; as it wasD. instead of; than that oneWe will go there on foot by bus. What about you?

25、 (201011福建福州月考)A. instead B. instead of C. without D. but11. the number of意為“的數(shù)量、數(shù)目”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a number of意為“一些，很多”，相當于 many, 后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，當它作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。The number of competitors is limit.參賽者的數(shù)量是有限的。A number of problems have arisen. 已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些問題。a large /great/good number of；a great/good many;a good few

26、/quite a few+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，意為“大量的”；a great/good deal; a great/ large amount of; quite a little+ 不可數(shù)名詞，意為“大量的”；a lot of/lots of; a great /large quantity of; large quantities of/ plenty of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞均可，意為“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity of ., large quantities of .作主語時謂語動詞與quantity形式一致。高手過招單項填空During the pas

27、t two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York City decreased.(201011山東煙臺月考)A. have B. hasC. was D. were12. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.農(nóng)家大院里的雞，甚至豬都緊張得不吃食?！皌oo + adj./adv.+動詞不定式”結構簡稱為“too . to”結構，在大多數(shù)情況下表示否定意義，通?？梢鉃椤疤荒?太無法”?！皌oo .to”結構表示否定的

28、常見句型有：too +adj./adv. + to do，有時too后也可跟一個起形容詞作用的過去分詞。too . to/to be done形式。這是“too .to”結構中不定式為被動式時的變體，如果主語是不定式動作的承受者，I，m too tired to think of anything now.我太累了，什么也不能想了。The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk. 茶太熱，不能喝。The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.這些鞋子破爛得不能修補。高手過招單項填空He seems tired to do

29、 it.But I am only glad to do it.(2010江蘇常州一輪)A. very; too B. extremely; tooC. too; too D. very; very13. It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！聯(lián)想拓展as if=as though意為“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等連系動詞的后面。如果表示真實情況應該用陳述語氣；如果表示非真實情況則應該用虛擬語氣, 其謂語動詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語從句中謂語動詞的虛擬式相同。引導

30、方式狀語從句時也要用虛擬語氣。注意：as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，還可以跟名詞、動詞不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語和分詞。另外，as if (though)還可以表達感嘆語氣，來對某項建議、假設和推測表示不贊成、驚訝、不滿和厭惡等。How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白發(fā)十分凌亂，好像觸了電似的。(虛擬語氣)She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。(陳述事實)As if anyone would believe that story！好像

31、有人竟會相信那樣的事！As if we were all stupid and he alone clever！哼，就仿佛我們都是傻瓜，只有他一個人聰明似的。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他舉起他的手，好像要取下帽子。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)的好像什么也沒發(fā)生。高手過招（1）單項填空Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow?Yes, I will go it，s windy.(201011山東濱州月考)A. as if B. even tho

32、ugh，C. as soon as D. as though簡單的完形填空The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自動售貨機) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 1 to identify age by studying facial features. By havin

33、g the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine, Fujitaka Cos system will 3 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said. With face 4 , so long as youv

34、e got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 5 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 6 as well, Yamamoto said. But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 7 . Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 , with the remaining 10