新標準大學英語綜合教程(第二版)UNIT 7 A篇練習答案+課文翻譯

1、ContentsActive Reading 1Warming UpListen to a passage and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F)?New wordsnaval base 海軍基地Pearl Harbor 珍珠港surprise raid 偷襲Island of Guam 關(guān)島Midway Island 中途島Isoroku Yamamoto 山本五十六（日本海軍將領(lǐng)）Okinawa 沖繩（日本地名）Hiroshima 廣島（日本地名）Nagasaki 長崎（日本地名）1. In 1941, Ame

2、rica decided to defeat Japan in Asia and then fight against Nazi Germany in Europe. 2. Japanese planes bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1942.3. In 1942, America won the battle in Midway Island in the central Pacific.4. After the defeat at Okinawa, Japanese emperor appointed a new pr

3、ime minister to explore the possibilities of peace.5. American planes dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on the same day. 6. Japan surrendered on the sixth day after the Nagasaki bombing.Warming UpFFFTTTScriptWarming UpScriptAmerican military planners had to make an important decisio

4、n when the United States entered the Second World War at the end of 1941.American forces could not fight effectively in Asia and Europe at the same time. The military planners decided to use most of their forces to defeat the German troops of Adolf Hitler. Only after victory over the Nazis was clear

5、 in Europe would they use all of Americas strength to fight Japan in Asia and the Pacific. Because of this decision, Japan was able to win many of the early battles of the war in Asia. Japanese planes bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December seventh 1941. The surprise raid

6、 marked the first of several major victories for the Japanese.Warming UpShortly after Pearl Harbor, imperial forces attacked American bases in the Philippines. And within days Japan captured the American island of Guam. Japanese troops landed in Thailand. They marched into Malaya, and they seized Ho

7、ng Kong. The Japanese also moved into Indonesia and Burma.The turning point came in June 1942 in the central Pacific in the great battle of Midway Island. Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto launched the battle. He wanted to meet and destroy the remaining ships in the American fleet before the United

8、States could recover from the destruction at Pearl Harbor. The fighting between the two sides was fierce. But when it ended, the Americans had won a great victory. Admiral Yamamoto was forced to call off his attack and sail home. For the first time, the Japanese navy had been defeated.Warming UpOn O

9、kinawa, Japanese forces resisted for 83 days before finally being defeated by Allied troops.After the defeat at Okinawa, many Japanese understood that the war was lost, even if Japan had not yet surrendered. Emperor Hirohito appointed a new prime minister and ordered him to explore the possibilities

10、 of peace. But both sides still expected the Allies to launch a final invasion into Japan itself. And everyone knew that the cost in human life would be great for both sides.But the invasion never came.For years, American scientists had been developing a secret weapon, the atomic bomb. The code-name

11、 was the Manhattan Project. President Harry S. Truman made the decision to use it against Japan.Warming UpHARRY TRUMAN: “The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. We won the race of discovery against the Germans. We have used it in order to shorten the

12、 agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japans power to make war.”American planes dropped one of the bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and another on Nagasaki 3 days later. Exactly how many p

13、eople in those 2 cities died from the force and heat of the blasts or later from radiation may never be known. The Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Japan estimates that between 150,000 and 246,000 died within 2 to 4 months of the bombings. Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, 6 days after t

14、he Nagasaki bombing.TextHiroshima the “l(fā)iveliest” city in Japan Hiroshima the “l(fā)iveliest” city in Japan1 The introductions were made. Most of the guests were Japanese, and it was difficult for me to ask them just why we were gathered here. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I

15、was. “Gentlemen,” said the mayor, “I am happy to welcome you to Hiroshima.” Everyone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.Text2 “Gentlemen, it is a very great honor to have you here in Hiroshima.”3 There were fresh bows, and t

16、he faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated.4 “Hiroshima, as you know, is a city familiar to everyone,” continued the mayor.Text5 “Yes, yes, of course,” murmured the company, more and more agitated.6 “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and ha

17、ppy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its oysters.”7 I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie.Text8 “Hiroshima oysters? What about the bomb and the misery and humanitys most heino

18、us crime?” While the mayor went on with his speech in praise of southern Japanese seafood, I cautiously backed away and headed toward the far side of the room, where a few men were talking among themselves and paying little attention to the mayors speech. “You look puzzled,” said a small Japanese ma

19、n with very large eyeglasses.Text9 “Well, I must confess that I did not expect a speech about oysters here. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm.”10 “No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially, the people who were born here or who lived through

20、it.11 “Do you feel the same way, too?”Text12 “I was here, but I was not in the center of town. I tell you this because I am almost an old man. There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get

21、rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact. They would also like to demolish the atomic museum.”13 “Why would they want to do that?”Text14 “Because it hurts everybody, and because timemarches on. That is why.” The small Japanese man smiled, his eyes nearly closed be

22、hind their thick lenses. “If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan, even if many of the towns people still bear hidden wounds, and burns.”Text15 Like any other, the hospital smelled offormaldehyde and ether. Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls of

23、endless corridors, and nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would sendshivers down the spine of any healthy visitor. The so-called atomic section was located on the third floor. It consisted of 17 beds.16 “I am a fisherman by trade. I have been here a very lon

24、g time, more than twenty years,” said an old man in Japanese pajamas.Text17 “What is wrong with you?”18 “Something inside. I was in Hiroshima when it happened. I saw the fireball. But I had no burns on my face or body. I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives. I thoughtsomeh

25、ow I had been spared. But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me. ” Text19 The doctor at my side explained and commented upon the old mans story: “We still have a handful of patients here who are being ke

26、pt alive by constant care. The others died as a result of their injuries, or else committed suicide.”20 “Why did they commit suicide?”Text21 “It is humiliating to survive in this city. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do n

27、ot. No one will marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim. People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation.” The old fisherman gazed at me politely and with interest.Text22 Hanging over the patient was a big ball made of bits of brightly colored paper, folded into theshape of t

28、iny birds. “Whats that?” I asked.23 “Those are my lucky birds. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness h

29、as brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character.”Text24 Once again, outside in the open air, I tore into little pieces a small notebook with questions that Id prepared in advance for interviews with the patients of the atomic ward. Among them was the question: Do

30、 you really think that Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan? I never asked it. ButI could read the answer in every eye.TextText廣島廣島日本日本“最有活力的最有活力的”城市城市1 彼此做過了介紹。大多數(shù)來賓是日本人，我難以啟齒去問他們我們?yōu)槭裁丛诖司蹠?。為?shù)不多的幾個美國人和德國人像我一樣顯得很拘束?！跋壬鷤?，”市長說，“我很高興歡迎你們來到廣島?！比巳司瞎ㄔ谧奈鞣饺?。在日本待上三天后，脊柱變得異常容易彎曲。Text2 “先生們，你們光臨廣島，令我們深感

31、榮幸?！? 又是一輪鞠躬；每提到一次廣島的名字，眾人的臉色都會愈加凝重。4 “廣島，眾所周知，是一個人人熟悉的城市，”市長繼續(xù)說。Text5 “是的，是的，當然，”眾人低語，越來越激動。6 “很少有城市在世界上如此有名，我驕傲且高興地歡迎你們來到廣島，一個聞名于世的牡蠣之城?！? 我正要微微鞠躬表示贊同， 但當我完全明白最后這幾個字的意思后，我從悲傷的沉思中驚醒過來。Text8 “廣島牡蠣？那原子彈、慘況和人類最兇惡的罪行呢？”當市長還在繼續(xù)講話，贊美日本南部的海鮮時，我小心翼翼地退后，走向大廳的另一頭，那里有幾個人在自顧自地談話，并不怎么注意市長的講話?！澳憧雌饋砗芾Щ?，”一個戴著大大眼鏡的

32、小個子日本人說。Text9 “呃，我必須承認，我沒料到會在這里聽到關(guān)于牡蠣的講話。我以為廣島仍然感受得到原子彈災難的巨大沖擊?！?0 “沒人再談了，沒人想談，尤其是生在此地或經(jīng)歷過那事兒的人?！?1 “你也有同感嗎？”Text12 “我當時在這里，但不在市中心。我告訴你這個是因為我差不多是個老頭子了。在這個牡蠣之城里，有兩派不同的意見，一派想保存轟炸痕跡，另一派想抹掉一切，甚至包括立在爆炸地點的紀念碑。他們還想拆掉原子彈博物館?！?3 “他們?yōu)槭裁匆菢幼觯俊盩ext14 “因為那令人痛心，因為時代前進了。這就是為什么。”那個小個子日本人微笑著，眼睛在厚厚的鏡片后面近乎閉上了?！叭绻阋獙戇@個

33、城市，別忘了說它是日本最快活的城市，盡管許多市民仍舊承受著看不見的創(chuàng)傷和燒傷之痛。”Text15 就像其他醫(yī)院一樣，這里的醫(yī)院散發(fā)著甲醛和乙醚的氣味。在仿佛沒有盡頭的走廊上，擔架和輪椅排列在墻邊， 護士們帶著鍍鎳器具走過； 看到這種情景，任何健康的來訪者都會感到脊背發(fā)涼，不寒而栗。所謂的原子科位于三層，有十七張病床。16 “我是個打魚的。我在這兒已經(jīng)很久了，二十多年了，”一個身穿和服睡衣的老人說。Text17 “您怎么了？”18 “里面有事兒。爆炸發(fā)生的時候我在廣島。我看見了火球。但我臉上和身上都沒有燒傷。我跑遍全城尋找失蹤的親戚朋友。我以為我逃過了一劫?？墒呛髞砦议_始掉頭發(fā)，肚里出現(xiàn)腹水。我

34、病倒了，打那以后他們就一直給我做檢查和治療?！盩ext19 在我身旁的醫(yī)生解釋和評論著老人的故事：“我們這里還有一些病人，靠持續(xù)不斷的護理活到現(xiàn)在。別的人要么因傷重不治而死，要么就自殺了?！?0 “他們?yōu)槭裁醋詺ⅲ俊盩ext21 “在這個城市活下去是令人難堪的。如果你身上有明顯的原子彈灼傷的疤痕，你的子女就會遭遇那些沒有疤痕的人的偏見。沒人會娶原子彈受害者的女兒或侄女。人們害怕由輻射造成的基因損傷。”老漁夫有禮貌又饒有興趣地盯著我看。Text22 病人上方懸掛著一個用許多鮮艷彩紙折疊成的小鳥組成的大球?！澳鞘鞘裁矗俊蔽覇柕?。23 “那些是我的吉祥鳥。我逃脫死亡的每一天，幫助我脫離塵世煩惱的艱難

35、的每一天，我都折一只新的小紙鳥加進去。這樣我看著它們，慶幸自己的病給我?guī)砹撕眠\。因為，多虧了它，我才有機會修身養(yǎng)性。”Text24 到了戶外，我又一次把小筆記本撕成碎片，那上面寫著事先準備的采訪原子病房病人的問題。其中一個問題是：您真的認為廣島是日本最有活力的城市嗎？這個問題我一直沒有問，但我能在每個人的眼里讀出答案。inhibitedspinalcolumnmurmuragitatedheinouscautiouslycataclysmerectdemolishcorridorshiverlocatepajamassuiciderenownassentjoltreveriehumanity

36、lensformaldehydeetherstretcherwheelchairvisibleearthly Words & Phrasessink inin praise ofback awaylive throughget rid ofconsist offall outon the part of sb. in advanceWords & PhrasesHiroshima 廣島（日本城市）inhibited a. too embarrassed or not confident enough to do sth. 拘謹?shù)?；羞怯的e.g. 1. We are rather

37、 inhibited about touching each other. 我們對身體接觸感覺很不自在。2. She felt very inhibited by her own lack of experience. 由于缺乏經(jīng)驗她感到很拘謹。3. Having been laughed at for his lameness, the boy became shy and inhibited. 那男孩因跛腳被人譏笑，他變得羞怯而拘謹。 Word family: inhibit v. Words & Phrasesspinal a. relating to your spine 脊椎

38、的；脊柱的e.g. 1. He had a spinal injury in that accident. 在那次事故中他的脊柱受了傷。2. I was ten years old when my mother was left paralyzed by a spinal tumor. 我十歲那年，母親由于脊柱腫瘤落下了癱瘓。 spinal column 脊柱Word family: spine n.Words & Phrasescolumn n. C 1. a tall thick post used for supporting a roof or decorating a bui

39、lding 柱；支柱e.g. 1. The column measures two feet around. 這根柱子周長2英尺。2. The column is one of the major stays for the bridge. 這根圓柱是橋梁的主要支柱之一。2. a regular newspaper or magazine article on a particular subject or by a particular journalist （報紙或雜志）專欄e.g. He writes a weekly music column for the newspaper. 他為

40、這份報紙每周撰寫音樂專欄。Words & Phrasesmurmur 1. v. to say sth. in a very quiet voice 咕噥；小聲說e.g.1. He murmured under his breath. 他喃喃自語。2. George murmured words of love in her ear. 喬治在她耳邊低聲說著情話。2. n. C sth. that is said in a very quiet voice 低語e.g. There was a low murmur of conversation in the hall. 大廳里有人竊竊

41、私語聲。Words & Phrasesagitated a. worried or upset 焦慮的；躁動不安的e.g. 1. She suddenly became very agitated, jumping around and shouting. 她突然變得激動狂躁，四處亂跳還大喊大叫。2. Calm down! Dont get so agitated. 冷靜下來！別那么激動。3. The man in the house was in a very excited and agitated state. 房子里的那名男子情緒非常激動且焦灼不安。Word family: a

42、gitate v.Words & Phrasesrenown n. U (fml) the state of being famous and admired for a special skill or achievement 名望；聲譽e.g. 1. He won renown as a fair judge. 他贏得了公平裁判的美譽。2. Its just these heart-thrilling chapters that brought his work world renown. 正因這些扣人心弦的篇章才使得他的作品舉世聞名。Word family: renowned a

43、.e.g. She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights. 她以倡導人權(quán)而出名。Words & Phrasesassent n. U (fml) agreement with or approval of a plan or suggestion 同意；贊成；贊同e.g.1. I translated her silence as assent. 我認為她沉默不語就是同意了。2. Without their assent a settlement cannot be reached. 沒有他們的同意，不可能達成和解。3. The di

44、rector has given her assent to the proposals. 主任已表示同意提案。Words & Phrasesjolt vt. to shock sb. so that they suddenly change what they are doing or thinking 使震驚；使驚醒e.g.1. Henderson was momentarily jolted by the news. 亨德森聽到這個消息一時目瞪口呆。2. I was prepared mentally but it was impossible not to be jolted.

45、 我雖然已有心理準備，但還是難免震驚。 jolt sb. out of sth.: to get sb. out of sth. 使擺脫； 使走出e.g. Her sharp words seemed to jolt him out of his depression. 她那些尖刻的話好像使他擺脫了沮喪的情緒。Words & Phrasesreverie n. C, U (literary) pleasant thoughts that make you forget what you are doing or what is happening around you 幻想；白日夢e.

46、g.1. He was so lost in reverie that he did not hear the doorbell ring. 他深深陷入幻想，連門鈴聲都沒聽見。2. Autumn is a season for people to generate infinite reverie. 秋天是一個讓人產(chǎn)生無限遐想的季節(jié)。3. At one time, I was full of reverie of the University life. 曾經(jīng)， 我對大學生活無限憧憬。Words & Phraseshumanity n. U 1. all the people who

47、are living in the world 人類e.g. 1. They face charges of committing crimes against humanity. 他們被控犯有反人類罪。2. The potential life span of humanity everywhere has been extended. 世界各地人類的預期壽命均有所延長。2. a kind and sympathetic attitude towards other people, especially when they are suffering in some way 仁慈；人道e.g

48、. Her speech showed great maturity and humanity. 她的演講成熟老練且富有人道精神。 Words & Phrasesheinous a. (very fml) a heinous act or crime is extremely evil （行為或罪行）令人發(fā)指的，十惡不赦的e.g.1. They are capable of the most heinous acts. 他們能做出最邪惡的事情。 2. Hitlers heinous crimes will never be forgotten. 人們永遠不會忘記希特勒令人發(fā)指的惡行。W

49、ords & Phrasescautiously ad. in a cautious way 小心地；謹慎地e.g.1. She climbed the staircase cautiously, holding fast to the rail. 她緊緊地抓著欄桿，小心翼翼地爬樓梯。2. I am cautiously optimistic that new congressmen will be concerned and aware about the environment. 新的國會議員們是否會關(guān)注環(huán)境問題，我對此持謹慎的樂觀態(tài)度。 Word family: caution

50、v. & n. cautious a.Words & Phrasescataclysm n. C (literary) a violent and sudden event or change, such as a serious flood orearthquake 大災難，大變動，大變革e.g.1. The floods were a cataclysm from which the local people never recovered. 經(jīng)歷了這場特大洪水，當?shù)厝嗣裨獨獯髠茈y恢復。2. The extinct volcanos eruption would mea

51、n a cataclysm for the city. 死火山又重新噴發(fā)，對這座城市來說意味著大難臨頭。 Words & Phraseserect vt. (fml) to build sth. such as a statue or bridge 豎立（塑像等）；建造（橋梁等）e.g.1. The building was erected in 1900-1901. 這座建筑建于1900到1901年間。2. It takes only a few minutes to erect a tent. 僅用幾分鐘時間就可搭個帳蓬。3. They are going to erect a m

52、onument in memory of the dead. 他們將立碑以紀念死者。Words & Phrasesdemolish vt. to deliberately destroy a building（有意）拆毀（建筑物）e.g.1. A storm moved directly over the island, demolishing buildings and flooding streets. 暴風雨徑直席卷該島，摧毀了建筑，淹沒了街道。2. The building is now being demolished to make way for a motorway.

53、為修建高速公路，現(xiàn)正拆除這棟建筑。 Words & Phraseslens n. C a thin piece of curved glass or plastic that makes things seem smaller, bigger, or clearer 透鏡；鏡片e.g. 1. The lens of a camera forms images. 照相機的鏡頭使圖像形成。2. He took off his spectacles and rubbed the lens. 他摘下眼鏡，擦拭鏡片。Words & Phrasesformaldehyde n. U a g

54、as with no colour and a strong smell, used mixed with water for preserving dead things in a laboratory 甲醛e.g.1. Formaldehyde slowly inactivates many viruses. 甲醛能慢慢使多種病毒失去活性。2. You know, artificial boards are a source of the pollutant formaldehyde. 你要知道，人造板材是污染物甲醛的來源之一。Words & Phrasesether n. U a

55、 clear liquid that is used as a solvent or for making people unconscious 醚；乙醚e.g. 1. He lost consciousness at the first whiff of ether. 他一嗅到乙醚便失去了知覺。2. Ether was used formerly to put a patient to sleep before an operation. 從前，在手術(shù)前用乙醚來使病人昏睡。Words & Phrasesstretcher n. C a type of bed used for car

56、rying sb. who is injured, ill, or dead 擔架e.g.1. The two ambulance attendants quickly put him on a stretcher and got him into the ambulance. 兩名救護人員迅速地將他放到擔架上抬進救護車里。2. She was clearly in tremendous pain as she was carried off the track on a stretcher. 在被擔架抬下跑道時，她明顯承受著劇痛。 Words & Phraseswheelchair

57、n. C a chair with large wheels that sb. who cannot walk uses for moving around 輪椅e.g.1. She has been able to cast aside her wheelchair. 她已經(jīng)能擺脫輪椅了。2. The building has been specially designed to provide easy access for people in wheelchairs. 這幢房子特地設(shè)計得便于坐輪椅的殘疾人進出。 Words & Phrasescorridor n. C a lon

58、g passage inside a building with doors on each side 走廊；通道e.g.1. I noticed a chink of light at the end of the corridor. 我注意到走廊盡頭的一縷光線。2. They heard voices coming from outside in the corridor. 他們聽到外面的走廊上有人說話。 Words & Phrasesshiver 1. n. C a shaking movement that your body makes when you are cold,

59、frightened, or excited 顫抖；打顫e.g.1. The accident gave me the shivers. 這事故使我不寒而栗。2. It kept him in a cold shiver all the time. 這些話讓他不停地打顫。 2. v. if you shiver, your body shakes slightly, for example because you are cold or frightened 顫抖；打顫；哆嗦e.g. His cruel comments made me shiver. 他殘酷無情的批評令我打顫。Words &

60、amp; Phraseslocate vt. to establish sth. in a particular place 把設(shè)置在；使坐落于e.g.1. Atlanta was voted the best city in which to locate a business by more than 400 chief executives. 逾400名行政總裁投票推選亞特蘭大為最適宜開辦公司的城市。2. They decided to locate a new school in the suburbs. 他們決定在郊區(qū)設(shè)置一所新學校。Word family: location n.Words & Phrasespajamas n. (AmE) (pl.) a soft loose pair of pants and a top that you wear in bed（一套）睡衣褲e.g. He threw