非謂語動(dòng)詞語法講解

1、E謂語動(dòng)詞語法講解一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念動(dòng)詞的根本用法是作謂語。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞了，要選或要填的動(dòng)詞就只能用非謂語形式了。非謂語形式有三種：1、動(dòng)詞不定式：to do 2、動(dòng)詞的ing : doing 3、 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：done二、三種形式的含義根本用法不定式：表示目的和將來；動(dòng)詞的ing :表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；過去分詞：表示被動(dòng)和完成。般式:不定式丨主動(dòng)iu to三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)do1:完成式一進(jìn)行式III= 一 =三匚三 ?一三 =三-一三 -卜- 一二三 to have done to be doing:被動(dòng)I；to be done to have beenMMing 形；

2、主動(dòng) ；doing1 11 1丨被動(dòng)1丨被動(dòng)1卜"-Jbeing done hav ing bee nD11 done 1 過1 1 I11111:do neI hav ing done "1I1H1_>111 1i-1111i1111111-四、非謂語動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)形式五、非謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： for / of sb. to do sth. doing )動(dòng)詞 ing 形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓格或所有格 +doing ( -ing 形式作主語時(shí)，用的所有格六、非謂語動(dòng)詞的做題步驟1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動(dòng)詞了2、找非謂語動(dòng)詞的

3、邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。4、判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之 前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同時(shí)常用 doing.學(xué)習(xí)非謂語形式時(shí)，建議把三種形式一起來比擬學(xué)習(xí)，會(huì)更加有效一些。七、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語的比擬1、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語和表語a. 不定式表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)詞。 動(dòng)詞 ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性 的動(dòng)作。如： is a good form of exercise for both young and

4、 old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk( 分析 ) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行為，用動(dòng)名詞作主語，選 Bb. 不定式作主語時(shí)，常用 it 作形式主語，即用句型： It is + adj. / n. + ( for /of sb. ) to do sth.It ' s important for us to learn English well.It ' s kind of you to help us.注意：下面幾個(gè)句型是用動(dòng)名詞：It ' s no good / use doing sth.It &#

5、39; s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞作表語的比擬1、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作表語，. 表示主語的內(nèi)容。如：My job is teaching / to teach English. teaching / to teach English 是 my job 的內(nèi)容 Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. 主表語要用同一種形 式2、 分詞作表語 記?。阂恍┍硎厩楦?、情緒的動(dòng)詞，常用分詞形式作表語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的 性質(zhì) 特征，用過去分詞表示主語的狀

6、態(tài)。常用動(dòng)詞： surprise 使某人吃驚 ， surprising 令 人吃驚 ， surprised 主語 感到吃驚類似動(dòng)詞有： excite 沖動(dòng) ， astonish 驚 奇 ， shock 震驚 ，scare 驚恐 ， disappoint 失望 ， move 感動(dòng)，如： The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3 、 在 seem / appear 似乎，好似 ， prove / turn out 被證明是 ， remain 仍然 是，尚待 等連系動(dòng)詞后，可用不定式作表語。如： He seemed to be very

7、happy.非謂語動(dòng)詞十大解題原那么非謂語動(dòng)詞主要包括 to do, -ing和-ed三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題測(cè)試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)的重要考查內(nèi)容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法，筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出十條實(shí)用的解題原 那么，并且還用相關(guān)的題目來解釋這些原 那么。根據(jù)這些原那么，相信同學(xué)們可以輕松地應(yīng)對(duì)非 謂語動(dòng)詞。原那么一、兩個(gè)句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連接，那么需要用非謂語動(dòng)詞例 1. many times, but he still couldn' t understand it.A. Having been t

8、old B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had been told例 2 many times, he still couldn ' t understand it.A. Having been told B. Having toldC. He had been told D. Though he had told例 2 中后面是一個(gè)句子，而且沒有連詞，所以前面不是句子，應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞，根 據(jù)句意此處 為被動(dòng)，所以答案為 A 。原那么二、不及物動(dòng)詞無 -ed 形式非謂語動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞有賓語時(shí)用 -ing 形式，無賓語時(shí) 用

9、 -ed 形 式例 3. in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by thelocal police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing解析：lose為及物動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在后面沒有賓語，所以用-ed形式，答案為B。例 4. , I really believe that I' d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all

10、the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationD. Giving all the possibilities解析：把。考慮進(jìn)來結(jié)構(gòu)為 take sth into con sideratio n ，現(xiàn)在 take 后面有賓語 all the possibilities ，所以用 -ing 形式，答案為 B。原那么三、 being done 表示 “正在被 ，一般不作狀語，只作定語。非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí) 形式 to have done 或 having done 強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生

11、在句子謂語動(dòng)詞之前例 5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed解析：根據(jù)句意 “我們沒有打通 ，就給他們發(fā)了個(gè)郵件 ，沒有打通 應(yīng)該發(fā)生 在發(fā)郵 件之前，所以用having done ，答案為 D。例 6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to

12、have founded B. having founded用 -ed動(dòng)作，所以C. founding D. to found解析：根據(jù)句意， Tim Bemers-Lee 創(chuàng)立萬維網(wǎng)應(yīng)該是過去的事情，而且be considered后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式，所以應(yīng)該用to have done , 答案為 A。原那么四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)，表示將來用 -to do ，表正在進(jìn)行用 -ing ，表示已經(jīng)完成例 7. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local cultureAproduced B being producedC to be

13、produced D having been produced解析：根據(jù)此題中的時(shí)間狀語 n ext mo nth ，可知 the play 將要于下月被創(chuàng)作出來，表將 來應(yīng)該用 to do ，所以答案為 C。例 8.The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown downC. blowing down D. to blow down解析：根據(jù)句意 “被暴風(fēng)雨刮倒的樹已經(jīng)從路上移走了 ，樹被刮倒是過去已經(jīng)完成的 表已經(jīng)完成用 -ed 形式，所以答案為 B。原那么五、介詞后跟 -

14、ing 形式，可以在 -ing 前加邏輯主語例 9. The discovery of new evidence led to .A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thief D. the thief being caught解析：此題 led to 中的 to 是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用 -ing 形式， the thief 作 -ing 的邏輯主語， 答案為 D 。例 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks_ could be hea

15、rd outside theclassroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close所以答案為 C。原那么六、 -ing 形式或 to do 可作主語或賓語， -ed 形式那么不可以例 11. in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch解析：此題中 is 為系動(dòng)詞，前

16、面應(yīng)該作主語，用 -ing 形式，所以答案為 C。例 12 _twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. Examining B. ExaminedC. Being examined D. Having been examined解析：此題中 is 為系動(dòng)詞，前面應(yīng)該作主語，用 -ing 形式，所以答案為 C。原那么七、 be+-ed+ 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)?？砂?be 去掉保存 -ed+ 介詞做狀語例 13Michael 

17、9; s new house is like a huge palace, with his old one.A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared解析：和。相比擬 "結(jié)構(gòu)為 be compared with ，現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語，所以只保存非 謂語動(dòng)詞， 把動(dòng)詞 be 去掉，答案為 D 。例 14 with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facin

18、g解析： “面對(duì) 結(jié)構(gòu)為 be faced with, 現(xiàn)在做句子的狀語，所以只保存非謂語動(dòng)詞，把動(dòng) 詞 be 去掉，答案為 C 。原那么八、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致，和句子主語構(gòu)成 主謂關(guān)系時(shí) 用 -ing 形式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是用 -ed 形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時(shí)， 要在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加邏 輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)例 15 twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten

19、D. To be bitten解析：此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語 the postman 一致， the postman 應(yīng) 該是被咬，所以答案為B。例 16. in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked解析：此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語he 一致,he和walk應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以答案為B。例 17. While watching television, .

20、A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根據(jù)“非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致 的原那么， watching 的 邏輯主語應(yīng)和后面句子主語一致，所以句子主語應(yīng)為“ we ； '答案為 C。例 18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C

21、. had finished D. were finished解析：此題沒有連詞，所以后面應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，the lesso ns 是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語；和非謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)是 “被完成；所以答案為 B。 原那么九、不定式做狀語一般有兩種：目的狀語和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語 表示順其自然的結(jié)果用 -ing形式。另外，某些形容詞表喜、怒、哀、樂做表語后跟不定式可以表示原因例 19 _ , you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winner B. To be a winnerC. Be a winner

22、 D. Having been a winner 解析：根據(jù)句意“要想成為獲勝者，你要付出所有，盡最大努力 ，此處表目的，所以答案為 B。例 20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told解析：本句句意為 “記者們匆匆趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了 ，表出乎意料的 結(jié)果常 常用 only to do ，所以答案為 B 。例 21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, inthe natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let解析：此題句意為 “玻璃門替換了木頭門，自然光就進(jìn)來了 ，自然光進(jìn)來時(shí)順其自然 的結(jié)果， 所以用 doing, 答案為 B。例 22.How glad I am y