12月英語四級完形填空試題與答案

1、12月英語四級完形填空試題與答案Text 1As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is _1_ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to _2

2、_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a _3_ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requireme

3、nts of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are _5_ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the j

4、ob, their responsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without _7_ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should _8_ the valu

5、e of each job with these in the job market. _9_, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for _10_ workers, where measurement

6、 is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.AcompareBresponsibleCusefulDaddedEfindFreferenceGindirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombinedKNecessarilyLcapacityMabilityNBasicallyOadoptAnswers:1.選B)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。原文意思為“會計部門.計算報酬”，選項中的形容詞responsible“負責(zé)任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“間接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indi

7、rect不能與for連用，排除;剩余幾項中只有B)responsible意義符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.選O)。此處應(yīng)填動詞原形。本文主題就是采用一種新的工資和薪水制度時需要注意的問題，選項中的動詞原形有compare“比較”，find“找到”，adopt“采納”，分別帶入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故選O).3.選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。從原文看，and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所以要填的詞應(yīng)與and后面的ways意思一致，選項中的名詞只有mathod = ways，故選H)method。4.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。上文說新的工資制度需要一套決定工作評估和衡量雇員表現(xiàn)的方法，說的是制度“是否

8、有用”的問題。這句說的時新的工資制度執(zhí)行過程中的問題，勞資雙方先期達成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要條件。形容詞useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原文意思。5.選D)。此處應(yīng)填動詞。這個動詞的賓語是point“分值”，把分值.起來to give a total value"得出總分值"，選項中有added和combined，前者指“把.相加”，后者意為“把.結(jié)合在一起”，原文指將分值相加得出總分，故D)added最符合文意。6.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。首先solve problem“解決問題”是經(jīng)理們應(yīng)具備的能力，選項中的capacity與abili

9、ty都可以表示“能力”;前者強調(diào)的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者強調(diào)實際應(yīng)用的能力，故不難判斷解決問題的能力應(yīng)該用M)ability。7.選F)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前半句指出“因為管理工作很難評估，經(jīng)理的工作得分不需要參照基于分值的評估系統(tǒng)決定?！眞ithout reference to為固定搭配，意思是“與.無關(guān)”。故選F)reference。8.選A)。此處應(yīng)填動詞原形。原句中出現(xiàn)了the value of each job“每種工作的價值”和these in the job market“工作市場上的(工作價值)”，說明人事部門通過比較兩種價值來計算工資制度。選項中只有compare表

10、示“比較”，所以A)正確。9.選K)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，修飾整句話。“報酬要隨工作表現(xiàn)各方面的不同而有所改變”，選項中Necessarily“必須地”與Basically“基本地”為副詞，分別帶入原文，“報酬.的變化是必須的”更符合上除N),選K)。10.選G)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文中提到一種情況即simple to measure the work done"易于評估的工作"，通常用現(xiàn)金獎勵辦法;而.measurement is difficult“難于評估的”，說明這些工作人員的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是間接的，故選項中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。Text

11、 2As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is _1_ for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to _2_ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress

12、 is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of _3_ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such _4_ are obviously p

13、rime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of _5_ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and _6_. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more _7_ days the choices made the difference between

14、 life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it same _8_. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued _9_ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot _10_ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if w

15、e could, we need to find ways to deal with it.A)exposure B)characters C)answer D)chemicallyE)avoid F)psychologically G)primitive H)transferI)unusual J)control K)remove L)escapeM)response N)backward O)essentialANSWER:1.選O)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文中說人們正在失去放松的休閑方式，But轉(zhuǎn)折表明作者對relaxation的重視態(tài)度，只有essential“必須的，重要的”符合文意。2

16、.選E)。此處應(yīng)填動詞。前句說Stress is a natural part of everyday life“壓力是日常生活中很自然的一部分”，說明人們不能避免壓力。選項中只有avoid的意思為“避免，消除”，故E)avoid正確。3.選J)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面說有壓力并不是壞事，適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫δ芙o人以動力，能賦予人生活的意義。只有在什么時候，壓力才會導(dǎo)致人們表現(xiàn)不佳，身體不好。根據(jù)上下文可知get out of control“壓力失控”的時候，才會有不好的結(jié)果，故選J)control。4.選B)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前句中not afraid of stress“不怕壓力”是一些人的性格特點，選

17、項中可以表示人的性格特點的詞只有characters，故選B)。5.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞difficulties。一些人遇到.的困難就灰心喪氣，選項中的形容詞中，unusual“不同尋常的”可以說明困難的程度，故選擇I)。6.選F)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，與physically相對應(yīng)，在此physically作為“身體上的”解釋。選項中的副詞有chemically“化學(xué)地”和psychologically“精神地”，很明顯兩個副詞中選擇F)psychologically。7.選G)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞days。.days與后文中的today相對應(yīng)，形成對比。選項中的是primitiv

18、e，即將人類的早期和人類的今天做比較 ，故選G)。而N)backward說明的是社會發(fā)展的狀態(tài)，不符合原文意思。8.選M)。此處填名詞。前句說，在人類的早期，選擇不同就意味著生與死的差別;而現(xiàn)在人們碰到的危機不可能那樣極端。后面but轉(zhuǎn)折，說明了不管是壓力的大小，人們都是在“避免”和“戰(zhàn)斗”之間選擇，下句中的such a reaction也可以說明人們對壓力的反應(yīng)是一樣的，選項中的名詞answer和response中，M)response=reaction符合文意。9.選A)。根據(jù)上題，這種反應(yīng)長時間持續(xù)的原因就是長時間的面對壓力，選項中的exposure“暴露的狀態(tài)，受影響”符合上下文意思，

19、故選擇A)exposure。10.選K)。此處要填動詞原形，和from構(gòu)成動介搭配。人們應(yīng)想辦法應(yīng)對壓力，而不是將它.出人們的生活。選項中的transfer表示“轉(zhuǎn)移”不符合原文意思;remove“移動，移除”可以和from連用，表示“除掉，移開”，符合原文意思，故選K)。導(dǎo)讀：As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is O)essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natur

20、al part of everyday life and there is no way to E)avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of J)control that it can lead to poor performance and il

21、l health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such B)characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of(看到.時，一看到.。) I)unusual difficulties. When exposed

22、 to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and F)psychologically. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight"(意為“逃避”與“戰(zhàn)斗”，作者在這里用了頭韻和尾韻的修辭方法，使文章更加瑯瑯上口。)and in more G)primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it same M)response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,