牛津英語(yǔ)上海版6A_基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)解析(unit1-5)

1、Unit11. Words & expressionsfamily tree家譜relative (n.)親戚grandson (n.)孫子granddaughter (n.)孫女cousin (n.)堂兄弟，堂姐妹nephew (n.)外甥niece (n.)侄女，外甥女else (adv.)另外，其他able (adj.)能的；ability (n.)能力；enable (v.)使.能夠 tell sb. about sth.告訴某人關(guān)于某事cook the dishes做菜show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.給某人看某物wash the dishes洗

2、碟子play games做游戲do a puzzle猜字謎go shopping去購(gòu)物2.Language structure(1) 詢問(wèn)信息v Who is this?/Who are these?這是誰(shuí)？/這些是誰(shuí)？v How old is.? .幾歲？v A：How many.have you got?你有多少.? B：I have got . / I have only got one.我有./我只有一個(gè). A：What do you usually do with your.?你通常和你的.做.? B：I always/usually/sometimes/never do sth.

3、with my.我總是/通常/有時(shí)候/從不和我的.做.(2) 介紹This is./These are.這是./這些是.(3) 表示祝愿Happy birthday!生日快樂(lè)！(4) always, usually, often, sometimes, never等被稱為頻度副詞，通常情況下常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)。always表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)頻率最高，usually其次，sometimes再次，never表示動(dòng)作從未發(fā)生。I often tell him about school.我經(jīng)常告訴他關(guān)于學(xué)校的事。I never show them my h

4、omework.我從未給他們看我的家庭作業(yè)。(5) 形容詞比較級(jí)的用法：Your brother looks shorter than you.你的兄弟看上去比你矮。Your uncle looks older than mine.你的叔叔看上去比我的叔叔年紀(jì)大。(6) look（連系動(dòng)詞）+ adj. “看起來(lái).”Jim looks happy today.Unit21. Words & expressionsfriend (n.)朋友; friendly (adj.)友好的love (n.)愛(ài)；lovely (adj.)可愛(ài)的helpful (adj.)樂(lè)于助人的；helpless

5、 (adj.)無(wú)助的help (v./n.)幫助help each other相互幫助help sb. with sth.幫助某人某事 help sb. (to) do sth.幫助某人做某事angry (adj.)生氣的；anger (n.)生氣angrily (adv.)生氣地 be together一起be kind to sb.對(duì)某人和善share sth. with sb.與某人分享某物 tell a lie撒謊在具體的某一天用介詞onon Saturday在周六on a winter night在冬天的一個(gè)晚上on May 9在五月九日l(shuí)ook after sb. = take c

6、are of sb.照顧某人look after sb. well = take good care of sb.好好照顧某人find (v.)找到（不經(jīng)意找到）find out找到（經(jīng)過(guò)努力找到）fook for尋找（不知道結(jié)果）pick up拾起，撿起put sth. into sp.把某物放在某地promise to do sth.承諾做某事keep one's promise遵守某人的諾言make friends with sb.與某人交朋友the friend of the earth地球的朋友2. Language structure(1) 詢問(wèn)信息l A：What do

7、you like to do with your friend?你和朋友喜歡做什么？ B：We like to . together.我們喜歡一起做.l What do you like about him/her?你認(rèn)為他/她怎樣？l How can we look after the environment?我們?cè)鯓觼?lái)照顧環(huán)境？(2) 描述n We like to be together.我們喜歡在一起。n She is always hardworking and she always keeps her promise.她總是努力工作并遵守她的諾言。(3) 表示承諾We promise

8、 to do.我們承諾做.(4) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)的陳述句：Jim is a hardworking student.吉姆是一位努力學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。She is never angry.He never tells a lie.(5) already, just和yet的用法：u 時(shí)間副詞：already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛），yet（還） already和just用于肯定句，置于句中、句尾皆可，yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，通常放在句尾。常用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，其基本形式：have/has + 過(guò)去分詞。例如，Have you been

9、 to the Ocean park yet, Winnie?溫妮，你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)海洋公園嗎？No, I haven't been there yet.不，我還沒(méi)去過(guò)那里。Yes, I've already been there.是的，我已經(jīng)去過(guò)那里。Yes, I've just been to the Ocean Park.是的，我剛剛?cè)ミ^(guò)海洋公園。u have been to.和have been there的區(qū)別have been to后跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，而have been there中there是表示地點(diǎn)的副詞，后面不能再跟地點(diǎn)。例如，I have already

10、 been to Shanghai Museum.我已經(jīng)去過(guò)上海博物館。Orient Pearl TV Tower is one of the tallest towers in the world.I have already been there.東方明珠電視塔是世界上最高的塔之一。我已經(jīng)去過(guò)那里。 Unit31. Words & expressionsaround (prep.)圍繞，繞著round (prep./adj)圍繞，繞著/圓的例如，They are sitting around the teacher. 他們坐在老師周圍。The green ball is almos

11、t round.這個(gè)綠球幾乎是圓的。 be far away from遠(yuǎn)離(opp.)be near.在附近at weekends = at the weekend在周末go shopping去購(gòu)物bring sb. Sth. = bring sth. to sb.把某物帶給某人on(island)在（小島上）on Lucky Island在幸運(yùn)島上a photograph of my family and me一張我和我家人的照片Botanical Gardens植物園a shopping mall大型購(gòu)物商場(chǎng)department store百貨大樓collect (v.)收集collect

12、ion (n.)收藏，收藏品visit (v.)參觀visitor (n.)參觀者lie (v.)躺 (pt.) lay，(pp.) lain， (pres p) lying2.Language structure(1) get there到達(dá)那里注意：home, here, there等地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to，例如，arrive home到家，arrive at school到學(xué)校，come here到這里，come to my office到我辦公室(2) have a good time = enjoy oneself = enjoy ones time玩得愉快(3) forget to d

13、o sth.忘記要去做某事；forget doing sth.忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事，例如，Dont forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.當(dāng)你離開(kāi)教室的時(shí)候不要忘記把燈關(guān)上。I forget meeting you a year ago.我忘記了一年前曾經(jīng)遇見(jiàn)過(guò)你。(4)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)What/How about (doing) sth.? （做）怎么樣？(5)Where have you been in?你去過(guò).的哪些地方？例如，Where have you been in Garden City?你去過(guò)花園城市的哪些

14、地方？Unit41.Words & expressionsBusinesswoman (n.)婦女實(shí)業(yè)家其復(fù)數(shù)為：businesswomenfish (n.)(1) 魚肉UN(2) 魚（各種種類）CN其復(fù)數(shù)為：fishes例如，Help yourself to some fish.Workers drive fish to the supermarket every morning.工人每天早上把魚送到超市。There are different fishes in the sea.在海里有不同種類的魚。policeman (n.)警察 (pl. policemen)start/fin

15、ish work開(kāi)始/結(jié)束工作例如，I start work at half past seven in the morning and finish work at eight oclock in the evening. start to do sth.=start doing sth.開(kāi)始做某事finish doing sth.結(jié)束做某事businessman (n.)商人其復(fù)數(shù)為：businessmensecretary (n.)秘書 (pl. secretaries)cook (v./n.)烹調(diào)/廚師cooker (n.)蒸煮器，炊具cooking (n.)烹調(diào)術(shù) a bank cl

16、erk一位銀行職員teach (v.)教； teacher (n.)教師put out fires撲火drive (v.)駕駛； driver (n.)司機(jī)too much + n.u太多的例如，too much timemuch too + adj.太例如，much too cold太冷了make sick people better使病人病情好轉(zhuǎn)2.Language structure(1) would (not) like to be/do表達(dá)愿望，表示（不）想做某事。（相當(dāng)于want to be/do，是較為婉轉(zhuǎn)的表示法.)I would縮寫為I'd；would not縮寫為w

17、ouldn't，例如，I would like to have coffee.我想要喝咖啡。I would like fish.我想要魚。-Would you like to be a driver?你想成為一名司機(jī)嗎？-Yes, I would./ No, I wouldn't.是的，我想。/不，我不想。注意：like用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)翻譯為“喜歡”，其用法是l like to do sth.l like doing sth.l like sth.例如，He likes to draw. / He likes drawing.他喜歡畫畫。(2) spend (spent, spent

18、)花費(fèi)v spend (time/money) in doing sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢做某事，in可以省略v spend (time/money) on sth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢在某事或某物上，on不可以省略，例如，We often spend an hour (in) doing our homework. = We often spend an hour on our homework.我們經(jīng)?；ㄙM(fèi)一小時(shí)做作業(yè)。He spent 200 yuan on this coat yesterday.(3) 用because原因狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明理由。because“因?yàn)椤?，提?wèn)要用why，例如，-W

19、hy would you like to be a teacher?-I would like to be a teacher because I want to teach children.Unit51.Words & expressionschoir (n.)歌隊(duì)，唱詩(shī)班，唱詩(shī)隊(duì)school choir校合唱隊(duì)programme (vi.)編程序 (n.)活動(dòng)安排;(電視)節(jié)目;節(jié)目單entrance (n.)入口enter (v.)進(jìn)入 = come/go intoschool hall學(xué)校劇場(chǎng)English club英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部gym體育館，健身房listen to聽(tīng)（強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的

20、動(dòng)作）hear聽(tīng)（強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果）I listened to the teacher carefully, but I couldnt hear anything.finally (adv.)最后final (adj.)最后的the final exam期末考試arrive (vi.)到達(dá)arrive at(小地方) = get to = reacharrive at school到達(dá)學(xué)校arrive in(大地方) = get to = reacharrive in Shanghai到達(dá)上海注意：arrive home/get home到家arrival (n.)到達(dá)Open Day家長(zhǎng)開(kāi)放日

21、invite (v.)邀請(qǐng)invite sb. To sp.邀請(qǐng)某人到某地invitation (n.)請(qǐng)柬；邀請(qǐng)staff room教工休息室covered playground室內(nèi)體育場(chǎng)route (n.)路線，路徑，航線，路，線路the art and craft room美術(shù)及勞技教室music room音樂(lè)教室2.Language structure(1) 用將來(lái)時(shí)談?wù)搶?lái)的事情will + 動(dòng)詞原形，一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如，The school choir will sing at two fifty.(2) 用副詞表達(dá)事情的進(jìn)展順序。例如，F(xiàn)irst;Next.;Th

22、en.;After that.;Finally.(3) 學(xué)習(xí)用介詞表示時(shí)間。例如，2:40-twenty to three/two forty2:20-twenty past two/two twenty(4) 表示順序的數(shù)詞稱為序數(shù)詞；在哪一棟樓和房間的門牌號(hào)用基數(shù)詞，在哪一層樓用序數(shù)詞，例如，room1002，on the second floor注意：² 一般在基數(shù)詞后面加th構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞，但有些詞有特殊變化，例如，onefirst, twosecond, threethird, fivefifth, eighteighth, nineninth, twelvetwelfth20

23、至90這樣的整十?dāng)?shù)字變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí)，只需把詞尾的字母y改為ie, 再加th即可，例如，twentytwentieth；在表達(dá)第幾十幾，第幾百幾時(shí)，只需將個(gè)位改為序數(shù)詞即可，例如，twenty-twotwenty-second² 序數(shù)詞總是和定冠詞the連用。例如， the first lesson(5) Kitty and her classmates took some photos for the English Club on the Open Day. Kitty和她的同學(xué)在家長(zhǎng)開(kāi)放日為英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部拍了一些照片。這一句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，句中took是take的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事

24、情。本單元要牢記的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式還有：listenlistened， visitvisited， arrivearrived，havehad， looklooked典型練習(xí)題：I.Choose the best answer1. Mum spends one hour _ food every day.A. to cook B.cook C.cooking D.cooked解析：本題考察動(dòng)詞spend的用法，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“spend + 時(shí)間或金錢 + （in）doing sth.因此應(yīng)選擇C項(xiàng)。2. There is _ information board in our school.We can

25、get some information about our school from it.A. an B.one C.the D./解析：information是個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，但是中心名詞是后面的可數(shù)名詞board，因此選擇A項(xiàng)。3. Canada is _ the United States, but China is _ it.A. far away from, near B.near, far away fromC.near, away from D.away from, near解析：本題考察be far away from sp.及其反義詞be near sp.的用法，并且根據(jù)地理知識(shí)可判斷出選擇B項(xiàng)。4. -What are the foreigners doing now, Grace? -They're listening