冬季雞舍通風(fēng)（課堂PPT）

1、1VENTILATING POULTRY HOUSES DURING COLD WEATHER 冬季雞舍通風(fēng)冬季雞舍通風(fēng)YANTAIBernard Green2Why We Ventilate 為什么要通風(fēng)為什么要通風(fēng)We ventilate to: 通風(fēng)是為了:Create an air exchange 空氣交換Control moisture levels (relative humidity/RH) 控制濕度Supply oxygen提供氧氣Remove harmful gases (CO, CO, NH) 排出有害氣體Control the heat load 控制熱量積聚Contr

2、ol the bird effective temperature 控制雞群體感溫度 Combination of temperature, relative humidity, air speed, bird age 溫度、濕度、風(fēng)速及雞的年齡綜合作用Always ventilate to achieve and maintain BIRD COMFORT 通風(fēng)始終要達(dá)到并保持雞群舒適3How We Ventilate 如何進(jìn)行通風(fēng)如何進(jìn)行通風(fēng)At or below set point temperature minimum ventilation 低于設(shè)定溫度 - 最小通風(fēng)Regardle

3、ss of outside temperature, a certain amount of fresh air must be brought into the house 無(wú)論外界溫度如何，雞舍都要有一定的新鮮空氣進(jìn)入Maintain air quality 保持空氣質(zhì)量Maintain floor/house temperature 保持墊料及雞舍溫度Bird comfort is achieved through maintaining good temperature control 保持雞舍溫度穩(wěn)定使雞群舒適No air movement at bird level 雞群高度位置沒(méi)

4、有風(fēng)速Fans operate on a cycle timer 風(fēng)機(jī)通過(guò)循環(huán)定時(shí)鐘控制4How We Ventilate 如何進(jìn)行通風(fēng)如何進(jìn)行通風(fēng)Above set point temperature transition and tunnel ventilation 高于設(shè)定溫度 - 過(guò)渡通風(fēng)和縱向通風(fēng)Fans run continuously 風(fēng)機(jī)持續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Higher rate of ventilation 通風(fēng)量較大Remove bird heat from the house 排出雞群產(chǎn)生的熱量Tunnel Ventilation - cool the birds with air

5、movement (windchill) 縱向通風(fēng) 通過(guò)空氣流動(dòng)降低雞群溫度Pad cooling assists tunnel ventilation by cooling the air 濕簾冷卻 - 通過(guò)冷卻空氣提高縱向通風(fēng)效果Bird comfort is priority! 雞群舒適最重要！雞群舒適最重要！5When Do We Use Min Vent? 什么時(shí)候采用最小通風(fēng)什么時(shí)候采用最小通風(fēng)It can be used summer and winter 可以在夏季及冬季使用It is used anytime the actual house temperature is b

6、elow the required set point temperature for the birds 雞舍溫度低于理想的設(shè)定溫度時(shí)就可以使用It is used when trying to maintain temperature, but still putting the least amount of fresh air possible to maintain good air quality 為了保持溫度但是還需要一定的新鮮空氣進(jìn)入雞舍一保持空氣質(zhì)量When the house temperature goes above the required set point tem

7、perature, then it is no longer in minimum ventilation mode 當(dāng)雞舍的溫度超過(guò)設(shè)定的要求溫度時(shí)，就不再進(jìn)行最小通風(fēng)Set Point Temperature設(shè)定溫度設(shè)定溫度Minimum Ventilation 最小通風(fēng)最小通風(fēng)Transition and Tunnel Ventilation 過(guò)渡及縱向通風(fēng)過(guò)渡及縱向通風(fēng)6Bird Requirements 雞只需求雞只需求 Warm floor during brooding 育雛時(shí)溫暖的地面 Good temperature control 良好的溫度控制 Good air qual

8、ity (oxygen) 良好的空氣質(zhì)量 No temperature fluctuations 溫度沒(méi)有波動(dòng) No drafts 沒(méi)有賊風(fēng) No environmental stresses 沒(méi)有環(huán)境應(yīng)激 It doesnt matter what type of housing you have! 不管是什么類型的雞舍 These are the bird requirements and somehow you must provide them 這是雞的需求，你必須提供給它們 Closed environment houses are better equipped to provid

9、e this 密閉雞舍的良好設(shè)備能更好地提供這些要求7Your House The Starting Point 雞舍雞舍 是基礎(chǔ)是基礎(chǔ)The “quality” of the house can make or break any ventilation system 雞舍的“質(zhì)量”可以運(yùn)行或破壞任何通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行Regardless of the type of ventilation system, it is important to SEAL THE HOUSE 無(wú)論何種通風(fēng)方式，密閉雞舍非常重要Gives better control over what is happening

10、inside 對(duì)于雞舍內(nèi)部情況能夠更好的控制Reduces the effect of outside conditions 減少外界條件的影響Gives you more control over the incoming air 更好地控制新鮮空氣的進(jìn)入Roof insulation plays a key role 屋頂隔熱性能起到關(guān)鍵的作用A good house is: 好的雞舍是： Well sealed, air tight 密閉良好，無(wú)漏風(fēng) Well insulated 隔熱性能良好8Minimum House Pressure Based on Fan Capacity an

11、d House Size 基于雞舍大小及風(fēng)機(jī)通風(fēng)量的最小負(fù)壓基于雞舍大小及風(fēng)機(jī)通風(fēng)量的最小負(fù)壓11151500185022302600300033503720House Floor Area (m)51000476004420041000375003400030600Test Fan (m/hr)15202530354045505560657075809Problems With Poorly Sealed Houses 雞舍密閉性能差造成的問(wèn)題雞舍密閉性能差造成的問(wèn)題Cold floors due to drafts 因賊風(fēng)而造成較涼的地面Cold drafts onto the chick

12、s/birds 冷的賊風(fēng)吹到雞體身上More difficult to maintain temperature in winter 冬季保溫更難More difficult to ventilate effectively in winter 冬季難以進(jìn)行有效通風(fēng)Stress, stocking density, uniformity, health, poor start 應(yīng)激，密度，均勻度，健康，開(kāi)端差應(yīng)激，密度，均勻度，健康，開(kāi)端差Cold drafts onto the heater probe 冷的賊風(fēng)吹到溫度探頭Heat loss through the cracks and o

13、penings 熱量丟失No mixing of cold incoming air with warm inside air 冷熱空氣不能很好混合Unable to access the heat in the peak of the roof 沒(méi)有利用到屋頂?shù)臒崃縃igh heating costs, cant maintain temperature 保溫成本高，不能保持溫度保溫成本高，不能保持溫度10Poor Sealing 密閉差密閉差A(yù)lways seal from outside 始終從外側(cè)進(jìn)行密閉1112Cold Air Leakage at Catching Door 冷空氣

14、從門的漏縫處進(jìn)入冷空氣從門的漏縫處進(jìn)入13Sealed vs. Unsealed Side Wall 密閉好和密閉差的雞舍側(cè)墻密閉好和密閉差的雞舍側(cè)墻14Chick Spread Uninsulated, Poor Seal 雞群分布雞群分布 隔熱差，密閉不好隔熱差，密閉不好15Chick Spread Insulated, Sealed 雞群分布雞群分布 - 隔熱性能好，密閉良好隔熱性能好，密閉良好16House Leakage 雞舍漏風(fēng)雞舍漏風(fēng)Cold floors, wet litter, heater activated 地面涼，墊料濕，加熱設(shè)施工作Wasted Heat 浪費(fèi)熱量17

15、Curtain Leakage on a Windy Day 大風(fēng)天時(shí)卷簾漏風(fēng)大風(fēng)天時(shí)卷簾漏風(fēng)18Air Leakage Through a Poorly Sealed Curtain 卷簾密閉差時(shí)的雞舍漏風(fēng)卷簾密閉差時(shí)的雞舍漏風(fēng)19Managing HousesThat Are Not “Air Tight” 漏風(fēng)雞舍的管理漏風(fēng)雞舍的管理 SEAL THE HOUSE! 密閉雞舍！密閉雞舍！! Minimal cost, huge impact 最低成本，巨大的影響 Make sure tunnel inlets can seal tight 確?？v向進(jìn)風(fēng)口密閉 Make sure curt

16、ains seal 確保卷簾密閉 Seal around doors 密閉門窗 Seal all unused fans 密閉不使用的風(fēng)機(jī) Seal around inlets 進(jìn)風(fēng)口四周密閉 Seal all joints in the roof 屋頂結(jié)合處密閉 Seal drainage holes 密閉下水孔 This will give you (more) control over the incoming air 這將會(huì)更好地控制進(jìn)入雞舍的新鮮空氣這將會(huì)更好地控制進(jìn)入雞舍的新鮮空氣20Heating 加熱加熱 Make sure there is MORE than enough

17、heating capacity 確保雞舍足夠的加熱能力 More often results in lower total consumption 能量消耗反而會(huì)少 Ensure good, even distribution of the heat 確保加熱量、設(shè)施分布均勻 Be cautious when using circulation/stir fans 使用循環(huán)風(fēng)機(jī)或攪拌風(fēng)扇時(shí)要小心 Sometimes they create drafts at bird level 有時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生賊風(fēng) Preheat the house for at least 2-3 days 雞舍預(yù)熱2-3天

18、 Make sure floors are warm before chicks arrive (min 30C) 確保雛雞到達(dá)時(shí)的地面溫度（最低30C）21“Quick Fix” Minimum Ventilation “快速解決快速解決”最小通風(fēng)最小通風(fēng)Fan jet system 風(fēng)機(jī)送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)Air cannons and “pressure inlets” are a cost effective “quick fix” for houses without minimum ventilation 通風(fēng)管和負(fù)壓進(jìn)風(fēng)口對(duì)于沒(méi)有最小通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的雞舍能以較低的成本有效地進(jìn)行通風(fēng) Air can

19、nons are not the ultimate solution 通風(fēng)管不是最終方法 The volume of air they supply is too small 進(jìn)風(fēng)量太小Circulation fans can help to distribute heat (but they are NOT a substitute for minimum ventilation) 循環(huán)風(fēng)機(jī)能有助于使熱量分布均勻（但是也不能代替最小通風(fēng)）22Fan Jet 風(fēng)機(jī)送風(fēng)風(fēng)機(jī)送風(fēng)23Fan Jet 風(fēng)機(jī)送風(fēng)風(fēng)機(jī)送風(fēng)Inlet Damper進(jìn)風(fēng)口風(fēng)門24Fan Jet System 風(fēng)機(jī)送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)機(jī)

20、送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)Fan Jet送風(fēng)風(fēng)機(jī)Plastic Tube塑料管道Exhaust Fan 排風(fēng)機(jī)Tube Holes and Air Flow Direction管道孔及氣流方向25Fan Jet System 送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)Advantages: 優(yōu)點(diǎn)優(yōu)點(diǎn)“Positive pressure” system 正壓通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)House does not have to be extremely well sealed 雞舍不必密閉非常好Fan jet runs continuously good mixing of air and heat 送風(fēng)風(fēng)機(jī)連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 空氣和熱量混合良好Incoming a

21、ir directed up away from birds 進(jìn)入的新鮮空氣氣流向上，遠(yuǎn)離雞群高度Heating system can be located at FJ for distribution 加熱系統(tǒng)可以置于送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)以使熱量均勻分布Relatively cheap system 相對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的系統(tǒng)Disadvantages: 缺點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)May not be able to provide enough min vent for whole cycle (depends on stocking density, weight) 整個(gè)循環(huán)周期內(nèi)也許不能提供足夠的最小通風(fēng)量（取決于飼養(yǎng)密度，

22、體重）Tube is biosecurity risk must be well cleaned 管道有生物安全的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 必須很好清洗26Air Cannons 通風(fēng)管通風(fēng)管27Pressure Balanced Inlet 壓力調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)風(fēng)口壓力調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)風(fēng)口28Air Cannons, Pressure Inlets 通風(fēng)管，負(fù)壓進(jìn)風(fēng)口通風(fēng)管，負(fù)壓進(jìn)風(fēng)口 Advantages: 優(yōu)點(diǎn)優(yōu)點(diǎn)Quite an effective minimum ventilation system 比較有效的最小通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)Fairly cost effective cheap “inlets” (90mm pipe) 成本

23、低 進(jìn)風(fēng)口便宜Curtains stay closed 卷簾一直關(guān)閉Mixes incoming air with warm house air 新鮮空氣和暖空氣混合Disadvantages:缺點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)System works on negative pressure, so 系統(tǒng)以負(fù)壓方式工作House must be well sealed, or else 雞舍必須密閉良好House may get colder than before, chicks more stressed 雞舍溫度可能比以前低，雞群應(yīng)激較大Do not take this approach unless hous

24、e can be well sealed 雞舍密閉不好時(shí)不要采用這種方法Requires ventilation controller or cycle timer 需要通風(fēng)控制系統(tǒng)或定時(shí)鐘29Bringing in Cold Air 冷空氣進(jìn)入雞舍冷空氣進(jìn)入雞舍Chicks chilled, wet litter 雞群著涼，墊料潮濕Valuable Heat Wasted浪費(fèi)熱空氣Negative Pressure VentilationClosed Environment Houses負(fù)壓通風(fēng)，密閉式雞舍負(fù)壓通風(fēng)，密閉式雞舍30What is Negative Pressure? 什么是負(fù)

25、壓？什么是負(fù)壓？ When a fan tries to extract more air from a house than is allowed to enter the house 當(dāng)風(fēng)機(jī)需要排出的空氣比進(jìn)入的空氣多時(shí) When this happens air rushes in through inlets to replace the exhausted air 工作時(shí)，空氣從進(jìn)風(fēng)口快速進(jìn)入以替換排出去的空氣 Just because a fan is running, doesnt mean there is a negative pressure 僅有風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，并不一定是負(fù)壓

26、僅有風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，并不一定是負(fù)壓31Why Is It Important? 為什么很重要？為什么很重要？ With negative pressure, air enters evenly through every inlet 負(fù)壓時(shí)，空氣均勻地進(jìn)入雞舍負(fù)壓時(shí)，空氣均勻地進(jìn)入雞舍 If your house leaks, it also comes through all the leaks! 如果雞舍漏風(fēng)，空氣也可從漏縫處進(jìn)入如果雞舍漏風(fēng)，空氣也可從漏縫處進(jìn)入 By spreading inlets evenly can get even fresh air distribution 進(jìn)風(fēng)

27、口分布均勻，空氣進(jìn)入也均勻進(jìn)風(fēng)口分布均勻，空氣進(jìn)入也均勻 By restricting inlet size, can regulate incoming air speed 調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)風(fēng)口大小，可以調(diào)節(jié)空氣進(jìn)入速度調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)風(fēng)口大小，可以調(diào)節(jié)空氣進(jìn)入速度 Control over how far the air goes into the house 控制空氣以何種方式進(jìn)入雞舍控制空氣以何種方式進(jìn)入雞舍32 Air should go to the middle (peak) of the roof 空氣應(yīng)該進(jìn)入到雞舍屋頂中間空氣應(yīng)該進(jìn)入到雞舍屋頂中間 Higher incoming speed a

28、llows better mixing 風(fēng)速快，混合更好風(fēng)速快，混合更好 Pressure determines the incoming air speed 負(fù)壓決定風(fēng)速負(fù)壓決定風(fēng)速 High pressure high air speed 負(fù)壓高，風(fēng)速快負(fù)壓高，風(fēng)速快 Low pressure low air speed 負(fù)壓低，風(fēng)速慢負(fù)壓低，風(fēng)速慢 The wider the house higher the pressure 雞舍越寬，負(fù)壓要求越大雞舍越寬，負(fù)壓要求越大 By using pressure, we can put the air where we want it 利用負(fù)

29、壓，我們能夠使空氣以需要的方式進(jìn)入雞舍利用負(fù)壓，我們能夠使空氣以需要的方式進(jìn)入雞舍Why Is It Important? 為什么很重要？為什么很重要？33Air Movement Based on Pressure 不同負(fù)壓情況下的空氣流動(dòng)不同負(fù)壓情況下的空氣流動(dòng)Low Pressure 負(fù)壓低Bit higher高一點(diǎn)Higher 又高一點(diǎn)Just right 剛好34Negative Pressure vs House Width 負(fù)壓和雞舍寬度負(fù)壓和雞舍寬度The following is a rough guide for the negative pressure at diffe

30、rent house widths 不同寬度雞舍的負(fù)壓參考House Width 雞舍寬度雞舍寬度perating Pressure 工作負(fù)壓工作負(fù)壓10m10Pa12m13Pa14m15Pa15m20Pa18m25PaNote: The above is only a guide. Actual operating pressure may vary depending on the type of inlet and shape and angle of the ceiling/roof, etc.35Minimum Ventilation System 最小通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)最小通風(fēng)系統(tǒng) Cros

31、s ventilation is most successful 橫向通風(fēng)最成功 Fans and inlets located in the side walls 風(fēng)機(jī)/進(jìn)風(fēng)口置于側(cè)墻上 Hot air gathers in the peak of the roof 熱空氣積聚在雞舍屋頂 Fans operate on a cycle timer 風(fēng)機(jī)以定時(shí)鐘控制運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)機(jī)以定時(shí)鐘控制運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) Pressure controlled side wall inlets direct cold air to peak負(fù)壓控制側(cè)墻進(jìn)風(fēng)口，調(diào)節(jié)冷空氣到達(dá)雞舍中間 Cold, moist air mixes

32、 and pushes hot, dry air down 冷而濕的空氣與暖空氣混合，迫使暖而干的空氣向下 Distributes fresh, warm air 新鮮而較暖的空氣均勻分布 Low air movement at bird level (4cm) + (Pressure) 正確的空氣流動(dòng)正確的空氣流動(dòng)= （開(kāi)啟（開(kāi)啟4厘米以上）厘米以上）+（負(fù)壓）（負(fù)壓）52The Most Critical Part Of Your Minimum Ventilation System? 最小通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)最關(guān)鍵的部分？最小通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)最關(guān)鍵的部分？If the tunnel inlet does n

33、ot close tight, your minimum ventilation system will not function properly 如果縱向進(jìn)風(fēng)口不能密閉，最小通如果縱向進(jìn)風(fēng)口不能密閉，最小通風(fēng)就不能夠很好地運(yùn)行風(fēng)就不能夠很好地運(yùn)行53Management/Stockmanship 管理管理 The above is not worth much without good management 如果沒(méi)有很好的管理，上述這些就沒(méi)有價(jià)值可言 Manager is link between birds and ventilation system 管理人員是雞群和通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的連接紐帶

34、 Must be able to “read” bird behaviour and other signs 必須懂得“閱讀”雞群的行為和其它表現(xiàn) Must be able to adjust vent to satisfy bird requirement 必須能夠只滿足雞群的需求進(jìn)行通風(fēng) There is NO ventilation system that does not require management 沒(méi)有一種通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)是不需要管理的 Training and education about new equipment and technology is very importa

35、nt! 對(duì)于新設(shè)備和新技術(shù)的培訓(xùn)非常重要！對(duì)于新設(shè)備和新技術(shù)的培訓(xùn)非常重要！54Minimum Ventilation Rate 最小通風(fēng)量最小通風(fēng)量Theoretical/calculated rates are only a guide! 理論理論/計(jì)算的數(shù)值只能作參考計(jì)算的數(shù)值只能作參考The right minimum rate is critical for bird performance and to minimise heat consumption 正確的最小通風(fēng)量是雞群生產(chǎn)性能和最小保溫成本的關(guān)鍵Under ventilation bird performance is c

36、ompromised 通風(fēng)不足 雞群生產(chǎn)性能受影響Over ventilation excessive heat consumption, dry house, possible drafts on birds 通風(fēng)量過(guò)大 加熱成本高，雞舍干燥，可能造成賊風(fēng)Evaluate your minimum ventilation setting every day 每天評(píng)估最小通風(fēng)量的設(shè)定Minimum ventilation fans should operate on a cycle timer 最小通風(fēng)風(fēng)機(jī)應(yīng)該由定時(shí)鐘控制55Example of Minimum Ventilation Rat

37、e 最小通風(fēng)量舉例最小通風(fēng)量舉例56Example Calculation 計(jì)算舉例計(jì)算舉例Assume: 假設(shè) Bird weight = 800g ; 10 000 birds 體重=800克，10000只雞Ventilation “factor” = 0,594m/hr/kg 通風(fēng)系數(shù) = 0,594m/hr/kg Calculation: 計(jì)算 Ventilation = 10 000 x 0,594m/hr/bird = 5 940m/hrCycle Timer Setting: 定時(shí)鐘設(shè)定 5 minute cycle ; 1 x fan 20 000m/hr (example)

38、5分鐘循環(huán)Time ON = (5 940 x 5) (1 x 20 000) = 1,6 minutesTime ON = 1 min 36 secTime OFF = 3 min 24 secNote: This is an example on how to perform the calculation, and does not necessarily suggest that the “Ventilation Factor” used above is theonly way to calculate minimum ventilation 57Evaluating Minimum

39、 Ventilation 最小通風(fēng)評(píng)估最小通風(fēng)評(píng)估The only way is by visiting the house 只有一種方式：進(jìn)雞舍Done preferably first thing each morning 每天早上的第一件事Evaluate in the first 30-60 seconds: 剛進(jìn)入雞舍30-60秒時(shí)評(píng)估 Bird comfort, spread, activity 雞群的舒適度，分布，活動(dòng) “Stuffiness” “悶” Humidity level 濕度 Ammonia 氨氣 Condensation/sweating (walls, drinker pipes, steel) 冷凝水 “AIR QUALITY” “空氣質(zhì)量” What you feel in first 30-60 seconds is what the chicken lived with all night 進(jìn)雞舍后前30-60秒的感覺(jué)就是雞群整晚所處的環(huán)境 “Purging” the house in the morning is unaccepta