廣東省高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練：閱讀理解（44）含解析

1、廣東省2012屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練：閱讀理解（44）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A.B.C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThe British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowad

2、ays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charge

3、s for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves

4、the community. As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals many of which were built in the nineteenth century provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff.

5、The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some

6、 services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easi

7、ly and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.1 We can know from the first paragraph that _.A. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybod

8、yB. people didnt have to pay for health care since the NHS was set upC. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers2 What do we know about the NHS?A. Its managed by the central government.B. Its cost is mainly paid for

9、 by the National Insurance contributions.C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.3. All the following statements about GPs are true except that they _.A. take care of the local peoples healthB. oft

10、en take part in competitions to see who is the bestC. work under high pressure nowadaysD. have more responsibilities than before4 What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?A. sufferingB. different C. preventedD. free5. The biggest problem for the NHS is _.A. many hospitals are too old to

11、be usedB. some services are in the charge of individualsC. more and more patients go to GPs for treatmentD. there is not enough money for further reform全解全析CCBDD國家保健中心由中央政府直接負(fù)責(zé)，但由地方當(dāng)局管理。建立國家保健中心的最初目的是為農(nóng)村居民提供免費(fèi)的基本健康護(hù)理，尤其兒童、孕婦等可享受免費(fèi)治療。C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一自然段最后一句可知，建立國家保健中心的最初目的是為農(nóng)村居民提供免費(fèi)的基本健康護(hù)理，而不是針對(duì)所有的人，所以前

12、兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4自然段“The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe”可知。從第二自然段第一句可以看出國家保健中心由中央政府直接負(fù)責(zé)，但由地方當(dāng)局管理，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一自然段話“and encouraging GPs to compete for patients”可知政府鼓勵(lì)全科醫(yī)生之間相互競(jìng)爭，而不是讓他們進(jìn)行競(jìng)賽，看誰的醫(yī)術(shù)高明。D。猜測(cè)詞義題。前面提到醫(yī)生開藥方及給病人治療牙病需要收費(fèi)，再結(jié)合but一詞可推斷兒童、孕婦等可享受免費(fèi)治療。D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一自然段最后一句可知。BIn Stockholm

13、, the Swedish Academy has chosen the British author Doris Lessing for the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature.The selection of Doris Lessing for a Nobel was popular among the hundreds of journalists gathered for the announcement in Stockholm.Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy Horace Engdahl said

14、with skepticism, fire and visionary power Lessing has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny.Doris Lessing was born in 1919 in Persia - modern-day Iran - to British parents, moving as a child with her family to southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, where she stayed in school only to the age of 14.A

15、 year after moving to London, she published her first novel in 1950. The Grass is Singing examines unbridgeable racial conflict in colonial Africa through the eyes of a white farmer's wife and her black servant.A member of the British Communist Party during the 1950s and a campaigner against nuc

16、lear arms and South African apartheid, Lessing was for years banned from that country and from Rhodesia.Her literary breakthrough came in 1962 with publication of The Golden Notebook, seen by many, though not necessarily Lessing, as a pioneering work of modern feminism. A disjointed study of the min

17、d of the main character, Anna Wulf, the novel explores her thoughts about Africa, politics and communism, relationships with men and sex, and Jungian analysis and dream interpretation.Lessing's themes shifted to psychology in her works from the 1960s, and by the 1970s she was fascinated with the

18、 Islamic mystic tradition of Sufism. Her turn toward science fiction with the Canopus series in the early 1980s was not warmly received by traditionalist critics, but she has continued to win new readers and numerous literary awards, including the David Cohen British Literary Prize and the Companion

19、 of Honour from the Royal Society of Literature, both in 2001.Following the announcement, the Horace Engdahl told VOA why he was personally so pleased with Lessing's selection."She is one of the truly great writers - of novels, short stories, fiction and non-fiction," Engdahl said. &qu

20、ot;She is one of the few writers who have had the courage to uphold the principle of equality between the male and female experience, and she has given the impulse to numbers of other women writers. And she is really the mother of a school that is one of the most important in our contemporary litera

21、ture."At 87, Doris lessing is the oldest Nobel Literature laureate since the first prizes were awarded in 1901. Each Nobel Prize is this year accompanied by a check for approximately $1.4 million.6. How old was Doris Lessing when she published her first novel?A. 14 B. 26 C. 31 D. 507. Which of

22、the following about The Grass is Singing is true? A. It is mainly about racial conflict between the whites and the blacks in the US. B. The main characters are a white farmers wife and her black servant. C. It was published in Africa. D. It was Doris Lessings most famous novel.8. We can infer from t

23、he passage that _. A. Journalists are very interested in the election of Doris Lessings for Nobel Prize.B. Doris Lessing regard The Golden Notes as a pioneering work of feminism.C. Doris Lessing has written about many different subjects.D. Many writers have the courage to stick to the equality betwe

24、en the male and female experience.9 The underlined word school in the last paragraph but one means_.A. institution for educating children B. college or university C. department of a university D. group of writers, thinkers10. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A. Doris Less

25、ing wins Nobel Prize for literatureB. The greatest British female writerC. The oldest Nobel Prize winnerD. 2007 Nobel Prize announced in Stockholm 全解全析本文主要講述了英國的Doris Lessing獲得了2007諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第1句和第五段第1句可知。B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段第2句可知。C 推理判斷題。從文章第七、八段內(nèi)容可知。D 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段，可以推測(cè)出school的意思。A 主旨大意題。這是新聞報(bào)道，從第

26、一段的第一句可知。CCharles Dickens (1812-1870), the great nineteenth century English novelist, was born near Portsmouth. His father ran heavily into debt and when he was twelve, he had to go and work in a factory for making boot polish. The only formal education he received was a two-year schooling at a scho

27、ol for poor children. In fact, he had to teach himself all he knew. He worked for a time as junior clerk in a lawyers office. After that, he worked as a reporter in the law courts, and later in parliament, for London newspapers. His career as a writer of fiction began in 1833 with short stories and

28、essays in periodicals, and in 1837 his comic novel The Pickwick Papers made him the most popular author at his time in England.He was a great observer of people and their places because he was attracted by life and conditions in mid-nineteenth century London. He wrote 19 novels all his life and in m

29、any of them, Dickens gave a realistic picture of all classes of England society, showing deep sympathy for the poor and unfortunate, exposing the injustice and inhumanity of the bourgeoisie.Many of his novels like Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Nicholas Nickleby, Great Expectations, A Tale of Two

30、Cities and so on drew attention to the unsatisfactory social conditions that existed in England over a hundred years ago.Dickens criticized capitalist society from the point of view of bourgeois humanism. He wished to see improvement in the living conditions of the poor, but failed to find any effec

31、tive means to achieve that end.11. Dickens only received a little formal education because_.A. he wanted to teach himselfB. he wanted to work and made a lot of money C. he was too poor to afford any more formal educationD. he wanted some working experiences to be a novelist12. According to Dickens,

32、the society at his time in England was_. A. just B. poor C. comfortable D. unsatisfying13. Which of the following novel made Dickens the most popular writer at his time in England?A. Oliver TwistB. The Pickwick PapersC. A Tale of Two CitiesD. Great Expectations14. According to the passage, which of

33、the following about Dickens is true?A. He didnt go to school at all. B. He only wrote about poor people and showed deep sympathy for them.C. He began to write fictions when he was 21 years old.D. He found some effective ways to improve the living conditions of the poor.15. It can be inferred from th

34、e passage that_.A. Dickens had a miserable childhood B. Dickens tried many different jobs before he became a professional writerC. Dickens wrote many novels but only some of them are popularD. Dickens criticized capitalist society and helped to improve the living conditions of the poor 全解全析 本文介紹了狄更斯

35、的生平和主要著作。C 推理判斷題。由文章第一段的第二句得知。D 推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句(the unsatisfactory social conditions that existed in England over a hundred years ago)得知。B事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段的最后一句可知。C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段的第一句和最后一句可知。A推理判斷題。由文章第一段可知。DMen have always believed that they are smarter than women. Now, a study has found that while this is

36、 certainly true, men also have to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex.In the study, scientists measured the IQ of 2500 brothers and sisters and they found an uneven number of men not only in the top two percent, but also in the bottom two percent.The study's par

37、ticipants were tested on science, maths, English and mechanical abilities.Though there were twice as many men as women in the smartest group, there were also twice as many men among the dolts.The aggregate scores of men and women were similar.One of the study's authors, psychology professor Timo

38、thy Bates, said that the phenomenon may be because men have always been expected to be high achievers and women have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their home."The female developmental program may be tilted more towards ensuring survival and the safety of the middle ground.,&

39、quot; the Daily Mail quoted Professor Bates, of Edinburgh University, as saying.The research tallies with past results that men were more likely than women to receive first class University degrees or thirds and women secured the seconds.It has been said that men are more ready to take risk when it comes to academics. Women have always found to be steadier in their learning.A past study has shown that women are securing more firsts and seconds, while men are continuing to receive more thirds.The argument for the change is